FLI-1 est un facteur de transcription de la famille ETS dont le gène activé dans les érythroleucémies murines induites par le virus F-MuLV. Le gène fli-1 est également activé par le facteur SPI-1 / PU.1, un autre facteur ETS dont le gène est lui-même activé dans les érythroleucémies induites par le virus SFFV. Mon travail de thèse visait à définir la contribution de FLI-1 dans les érythroleucémies induites par SPI-1 / PU.1. Par déplétion inductible de FLI-1, j'ai montré qu'il contribue effectivement à la prolifération et au blocage de la différenciation de cellules érythroleucémiques surexprimant

This study explored how cultural heritage might affect peoples beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors toward Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS), which in turn affected actual ETS exposure. It used data from the 2001 National Survey on Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Home. It compared two cultural groups: Francophones and the rest of the Canadian population (RCP), and found that Francophone nonsmokers had a significantly higher ETS exposure than the RCP (19.3% vs. 8.5%). The difference was much greater than the difference in smoking prevalence for the two groups (26.2% vs. 22.4%). </p>The study found Francophones scored lower than the RCP in almost every aspect of ETS-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. They were less likely to believe ETS to be harmful and less supportive of ETS-control policies. They were less likely to have done something that reduced ETS exposure at home. In both cultural groups, smokers scored lower than nonsmokers in ETS-related beliefs and attitudes. However, the difference between the two groups remained significant even if the comparisons were done within smokers and nonsmokers. </p>The most significant finding of the study was that Francophones were more likely to trust those so-called ETS-reduction strategies that appeared to be effective but were not in reality (e.g., opening the window when someone smokes). Moreover, there was a statistically significant interaction between smoking status and cultural heritage: fewer nonsmokers than smokers within each cultural group believed that these strategies were really effective, but the difference between the nonsmokers and smokers was significantly smaller for Francophones than that for the RCP. Therefore, the tendency to trust ineffective ETS-reduction strategies, especially among the nonsmokers, explained why Francophones were significantly less likely to adopt strategies that would actually reduce ETS exposure. </p>These results suggest that in order to move ETS policies forward and to effectively reduce ETS exposure among Canadian nonsmokers, the key strategy is to mobilize the nonsmokers to be less tolerant of ETS and more persistent in only allowing smoking to occur outdoors. This will not only help protect nonsmokers from the harm of ETS, but will eventually help smokers to quit smoking.

This paper uses timer series panel data from Bloomberg to ascertain the affects that carbon prices and other factors have on European oil and steel companies. This paper finds inconclusive evidence of carbon price return correlation with oil and steel company equity return. However it does find a strong positive correlation between the market portfolio excess return, which is the return on the DJS 600 EUR index minus the German three-month T-bill rate, and oil and steel excess equity return.

This study explored how cultural heritage might affect peoples beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors toward Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS), which in turn affected actual ETS exposure. It used data from the 2001 National Survey on Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Home. It compared two cultural groups: Francophones and the rest of the Canadian population (RCP), and found that Francophone nonsmokers had a significantly higher ETS exposure than the RCP (19.3% vs. 8.5%). The difference was much greater than the difference in smoking prevalence for the two groups (26.2% vs. 22.4%). </p>The study found Francophones scored lower than the RCP in almost every aspect of ETS-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. They were less likely to believe ETS to be harmful and less supportive of ETS-control policies. They were less likely to have done something that reduced ETS exposure at home. In both cultural groups, smokers scored lower than nonsmokers in ETS-related beliefs and attitudes. However, the difference between the two groups remained significant even if the comparisons were done within smokers and nonsmokers. </p>The most significant finding of the study was that Francophones were more likely to trust those so-called ETS-reduction strategies that appeared to be effective but were not in reality (e.g., opening the window when someone smokes). Moreover, there was a statistically significant interaction between smoking status and cultural heritage: fewer nonsmokers than smokers within each cultural group believed that these strategies were really effective, but the difference between the nonsmokers and smokers was significantly smaller for Francophones than that for the RCP. Therefore, the tendency to trust ineffective ETS-reduction strategies, especially among the nonsmokers, explained why Francophones were significantly less likely to adopt strategies that would actually reduce ETS exposure. </p>These results suggest that in order to move ETS policies forward and to effectively reduce ETS exposure among Canadian nonsmokers, the key strategy is to mobilize the nonsmokers to be less tolerant of ETS and more persistent in only allowing smoking to occur outdoors. This will not only help protect nonsmokers from the harm of ETS, but will eventually help smokers to quit smoking.

Consequences of global warming and climate change issues have become more apparent over the last several decades. Heat waves, floods, tornados and storms are not just natural disasters occurring elsewhere, but they are now serious environmental catastrophes threatening New Zealand (NZ) and nearby countries as a result of continously escalating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Thus, the Kyoto Protocol was prepared for countries to work collaborately to provide a solution through encourging countries to commit themselves to reducing their individual share of the total GHG emissions. To date, NZ has gone through several phases of modification – introducing and revising two distinctive climate change policies (a Carbon Tax and an Emissions Trading Scheme [ETS]) as a tool to reduce GHG in NZ. These attempts to address climate change, coupled with the question raised by McDonald (Irish Times, 2009) doubting the actual effect of a tax on behaviour-change, provide an extensive basis for a case study in a NZ context involving an evaluation of the effectiveness of these regimes on incentivising behaviour-change to reduce and stablise the level of GHG emissions. In an attempt to answer the research question and conduct a case study in a NZ context, a triangulation approach incorporating both quantitative and qualitative research methods was undertaken. Statistical data analysis was conducted as a quantitative method to analyse and compare numerical changes 'with‘ and 'without‘ the existence of climate change policies. To enhance the results obtained from the quantitative research, qualitative information was also collected by interviewing politicians directly related to the introduction, implementation and the review process of the climate change policies in a semi-structured manner. The results of this study reinforced the need for regulations and policies to reduce and maintain the level of GHG emissions. Statistical data analysis proved that the existence of climate change policies results in lower level of GHG emissions. The interviewees also perceived that some sort of policy is definitely required to regulate the level of emissions, although whether the current, National-led Government‘s modfied-ETS is the 'right' approach is still uncertain. However, the majority of interviewees agreed that the type of tool does not matter, as long as it is correctly-designed to reflect the necessary policies to influence the decision making process of individuals and businesses, and ultimately change their behaviour as a result. However, in order to maintain NZ‘s relationship with other countries, it is preferable to retain its ETS regime until other countries decide to do otherwise.

Målet med det här arbetet var att skapa en konceptuell designprototyp för en scenarioeditor åt en digital version av utbildningsverktyget Emergo Train System. Rapporten ämnar ta upp och presentera den arbetsprocess som lett fram till designprototypen och dess utvärdering. I rapporten tillkommer även en diskussion kring hur en scenarioeditor bör utformas för att stödja skapandet av ETS-scenarion samt hur ett flexibelt arbetssätt stöds i form av skapandet av scenariorepresentationer. Intervjuer genomfördes med instruktörer och systemansvarige för ETS, samt observationer av iordningställande av ett ETS-scenario. Datainsamlingen analyserades och resulterade i en kravspecifikation för den digitala scenarioeditorn. Den prototyp som utformades gjordes så i pappersformat och utvärderades tillsammans med personal från Katastrofmedicinskt centrum i Linköping.

Today, aircraft emissions represent 2.6% of total global CO 2 emissions. A partial solution to reduce emissions during the taxiing process is to use an electric taxi system instead of the aircraft's main engines as well as the towing vehicles. A literature review was conducted on three different Electric Taxi System (ETS) to gain a wider insight into the systems. Through the literature study, a comparison was made between the three different ETS in order to choose the most appropriate taxiing system that could reduce emissions emitted during the taxiing. EGTS was chosen as the most suitable concept for a greener taxiing process. The results were obtained through calculations and analyzes of emissions and fuel consumption based on the FOI3 method, ICAO database, and Safran &amp; Honeywell models. In conclusion, the results showed that the EGTS concept results in fuel saving and emission reduction up to 56 % and two minutes of time saving during the taxiing process. / I dagsläget utgör flygets utsläpp globalt 2,6% av de totala koldioxidutsläppen. En dellösning för att reducera utsläppen under taxningsprocessen är att använda elektriska taxningssystem istället för flygplanets huvudmotorer eller bogserfordon. Syftet med arbetet är att analysera tekniska och miljömässiga förutsättningar med konceptet EGTS för att reducera ett trafikflygplans miljöpåverkan under taxningsfasen. Vi genomförde en litteraturstudie på tre olika Electric Taxi System (ETS) för att få en bred kunskap om systemen. Därefter gjorde vi en jämförelse mellan de tre olika ETS-systemen med syfte att kunna välja det taxningssystem, som hade störst potential att kunna bidra till reducering av de emissioner som släpps ut under taxningsfasen. EGTS bedömdes vara det mest passande konceptet för gröna taxningsprocesser. Resultaten togs fram genom beräkningar och analyser avseende emissioner och bränsleförbrukning, vilka är baserade på FOI3-metoden, ICAO:s databas och Safran- &amp; Honeywells modeller. Analys och tolkning av erhållna resultat visar att konceptet EGTS leder till bränslebesparing och reducering av emissioner med upp till 56 % samt två minuters tidsbesparing under taxningsprocessen.

Objetivo: Estimar la asociación entre los factores (demográficos, socioeconómicos, personales y académicos) y el estrés traumático secundario (ETS) bajo el contexto de pandemia COVID-19 en estudiantes de Medicina Humana de tercer, cuarto y quinto año de universidades de Lima. Diseño: El presente estudio corresponde a un tipo de estudio transversal-analítico porque mide la asociación entre variables independientes (factores) y ETS en un momento de la dimensión del tiempo.

How to avoid and deal with dangerous climate change, which will have catastrophic economic and social consequences, has already become the focus worldwide. From the UNFCCC to the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, the international community has been trying to find effective means to reduce GHGs. Facing both internal demand and external pressure, as the largest carbon dioxide emitter, China needs to make further efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. So far, emission trading, especially the EU ETS has proved to be a good system to reduce emissions with low cost. In this thesis, the valuable experience and lessons of the EU ETS and the current situation of China are reviewed. The necessity, feasibility and limitations of applying the EU ETS in China are analyzed through comparative study and SWOT – PEST analytical model. In the light of the analysis result that establishing its own emission trading scheme based on the EU ETS will be a good choice for China, several recommendations are put forward concerning both the process of the “Sino ETS” and various stakeholders.

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