Les homélies de Jean Chrysostome (v. 349 – 407) sur la Deuxième épître aux Corinthiens fournissent un témoignage important sur la pratique de l’exégèse et de la prédication dans l’Antiquité. Sur le plan oratoire, elles sont marquées par de fortes interactions entre Jean et son auditoire et par ce que l’on peut nommer une rhétorique biblique : un discours où l’Écriture est omniprésente, dans le texte commenté comme dans les outils mobilisés dans le commentaire. Sur le plan exégétique, le prédicateur explique l’épître paulinienne de manière littérale, i.e. phrase par phrase ou mot par mot, attentif à la pédagogie de Paul. La notion de salut joue un rôle capital dans cette perspective, car elle guide l’interprétation des moindres variations du ton de l’apôtre ; celle d’amplification n’est pas moins importante, car elle rend compte des larges développements parénétiques qui constituent, à l’intérieur de chaque homélie, un moyen supplémentaire de faire comprendre le texte commenté. Sur le plan théologique, enfin, ce commentaire homilétique permet à Jean Chrysostome de faire écho à quelques thèmes pauliniens : la kénose du Christ, la place de l’Esprit saint dans la communauté chrétienne et l’action de grâce. Prise globalement, une telle pratique homilétique et exégétique pourrait être caractérisée comme une forme d’actualisation de l’Écriture. Toutefois, deux mots empruntés au langage chrysostomien semblent mieux correspondre à cette pratique : l’anamnèse et l’anaphore, qui font jouer la proximité entre l’acte de commenter l’Écriture et la célébration de l’Eucharistie. / The primary aim of this work is to read John Chrysostom’s homilies on Second Corinthians as an insight into the practice of exegesis and preaching in Antiquity. After reviewing the historical background of John’s homilies (chapter 1), I will deal with their rhetorical features, that is: the literary genre of the homiletical commentary (chapter 2), the interactions between John and his audience (chapter 3) and the “biblical rhetoric”, i.e. John’s overwhelming use of Scripture in both the commented text as his own commentary (chapter 4). Secondly, I will describe his exegetical skills, by reviewing the literal explanation of Paul’s wording (chapter 5), the overall understanding of the epistle (chapter 6) and the use of larges hortatory sections as an “amplification” of Pauline moral and spiritual themes (chapter 7). Lastly, I will approach John’s theology on the aspects of the doctrinal teaching of his homilies (chapter 8), his spiritual guidance (chapter 9) and the processes of retrieval and enactment involved in the preacher’s hermeneutics (chapter 10). The results of this work suggest that John’s exegetical practice can be described as a process of anamnesis (rememoration) and anaphora (elevation) of Paul’s text – an exegetical, but also liturgical and existential process.

Certains symptômes sont les indicateurs incontestés des très graves problèmes que connaît l’Église. S’ils existent aussi dans des confessions et des religions diverses, seuls seront examinés ici ceux qui concernent l’Église catholique. Parmi les plus significatifs figurent un fort déclin dans la participation à des activités religieuses comme les célébrations eucharistiques dominicales, surtout chez les jeunes, une pénurie presque catastrophique de prêtres ordonnés, une perte de prestige et d’influence de l’enseignement dispensé par l’Église. Ces symptômes varient en intensité selon les pays, mais les statistiques indiquent qu’ils se multiplient. Nombre de ces problèmes sont attribuables à l’extrême vélocité de changements qui surviennent partout et à l’apparente inaptitude de l’Église à s’adapter, en raison notamment de son attachement à la pensée néo-scolastique et à la tradition tridentine. Cette fidélité absolue à une tradition vieille de quatre cents ans l’empêche de se faire à un environnement en évolution rapide et radicale. Des changements appropriés s’imposent pratiquement partout dans l’Église. Or, pour que ceux-ci soient efficaces et respectueux de la nature propre de l’Église, la tradition est un guide qui ne suffit pas. S’appuyant sur les termes de l’encyclique Ecclesia de Eucharistia, « le moment décisif où elle (l’Église) a pris forme est certainement celui où a eu lieu l’institution de l’Eucharistie, dans la chambre à l’étage », la thèse présentée suit le plus près possible l’interprétation donnée aux paroles de Jésus, ceci est mon corps, telles qu’elles ont été prononcées la première fois. Selon cette évidence, il est permis d’affirmer que les caractéristiques définitoires de l’Église provenant de ces mots sont agape, unité, service. Tel doit être le principe directeur des changements. C’est sur une telle base que sont décrits les secteurs où les changements s’imposent ainsi que les aspects visés. Ces changements comprennent les points suivants : liturgie, sacrements, catéchèse, mystagogie, théologie, structure, gouvernance de l’Église et ses enseignements, évangélisation. Ces secteurs exigent des efforts sérieux dans la préparation des personnes touchées par ces changements et dans l’attention portée à l’exigence primordiale voulant qu’agape, unité et service soient les principes actifs et évidents régissant l’Église. / Unmistakable symptoms indicate some very serious problems in the Church. While they also plague other denominations and religions, this work deals specifically with the Roman Catholic Church. The most significant symptoms include a drastic decline in participation in religious activity, such as Sunday eucharistic celebrations, especially among younger people, a near-catastrophic shortage of ordained priests, and a loss of the prestige and influence of the teaching authority of the Church. The intensity of these symptoms varies in different areas of the world, but statistical data show that they are spreading. Many of the problems are due to the incredibly fast changes occurring in the world and the apparent inability of the Church to adapt to them, especially in its strong attachment to neo-scholastic thinking and Tridentine tradition. Exclusive reliance on a tradition developed four hundred years ago is unsuitable in a rapidly and radically changing environment. Appropriate changes are necessary in practically all areas of the life of the Church. For these to be successful and also true to the nature of the Church, tradition alone is an insufficient guide. Based on the statement of the encyclical Ecclesia de Eucharistia, the “decisive moment in her [the Church] taking shape was certainly the institution of the Eucharist in the Upper Room,” this thesis returns as closely as possible to the interpretation given to the words of Jesus, this is my body, when they were first uttered. On the evidence available, it can be asserted that the defining characteristics of the Church, given by these words, are agape, unity and service. This must be the guiding principle of changes to be implemented. It is on this basis that the areas in which changes are needed and the aspects to be changed are described. These include liturgy, sacraments, catechesis, mystagogy, theology, the structure and governance of the Church, its teachings, and evangelisation. Within these areas serious effort must be made to properly prepare those involved in the changes and to focus on the pre-eminent requirement of making agape, unity and service the active and obvious principle that governs the Church.

Les deux œuvres spirituelles majeures de Cabasilas : L’Explication de la divine Liturgie et ses Sept Discours au sujet de la vie en Christ, dont les conceptions théologiques ecclésiastiques fondamentales et principales constituent le terreau fertile de la présente thèse sur les mystères du Baptême, de la Chrismation et de la divine Eucharistie, s’appuyant sur l’idée principale du théologien que le salut humain se trouve dans la maison de Dieu. Nicolas Cabasilas fonde précisément sur les saints mystères toute sa théologie ecclésiastique du Nouveau Testament, le monde entier, qui se transforme, s’organise et vit en tant que Corps du Christ. Le Saint Esprit « par la main et la bouche des prêtre accomplit » les mystères de l’Église qui apportent des fruits spirituels et la vie morale et spirituelle en Christ. Ainsi la vie des membres du corps de l’Église, dont le Christ est la tête, est la vie dans le Saint Esprit. Cabasilas place ainsi avec justesse et profondeur, les sacrements principaux (baptême, chrismation et eucharistie) au cœur de ce chemin de vie et d'union au Christ. Toutefois, un rappel important de Cabasilas, concernant le principe de coopération, ne doit pas nous échapper. En effet, la vie nouvelle en Christ est le fruit de la coopération de Dieu et du facteur humain. Le salut n’est pas donné de force lors des mystères, mais avec la coopération et la bonne volonté de l’individu, sa participation active. Enfin, comme notre thèse le démontre, la pensée théologique de Cabasilas, concernant le caractère eschatologique des mystères, en particulier du baptême et de la divine Eucharistie, préserve et dispense la doctrine de l’Apôtre Paul et de la théologie chrétienne primitive qualifiant avec Saint Paul les mystères comme « forces du siècle à venir». / The two major spiritual works of Nicholas Cabasilas : The Explanation of the Divine Liturgy and his seven speeches on the life of Christ, whose basic theological and ecclesiastical designs are the fertile soil of our thesis on the mysteries of Baptism, Chrismation and Holy Eucharist, are based on the main idea that human salvation should be found in the church, the house of God. Nicholas Cabasilas bases precisely on the holy mysteries his entire theology of the New Testament, in which the whole world is organized and lives as the Body of Christ. The Holy Spirit by the hand and the mouth of the priest performs the mysteries of the Church and provides the spiritual and moral fruits, the spiritual life in Christ. Thus the life of the members of the body of the Church, of which Christ is the head, is the life in the Holy Spirit. Cabasilas places with reason the major sacraments (Baptism, Chrismation and Eucharist) at the heart of this life and union with Christ. However, the important reminder of Cabasilas on the principle of cooperation should not escape us. Indeed, the new life in Christ is the fruit of cooperation between God and the human factor. The salvation is not given by force with the mysteries, but with the cooperation and good will of the individual, his active participation. Finally, as our case demonstrates, the theological thought of Cabasilas concerning the eschatological character of the mysteries, especially baptism and the Holy Eucharist, preserves and provides the doctrine of the Apostle Paul and the early Christian theology qualifying the holly mysteries as "forces of the age to come."

Cette thèse veut répondre à cette question existentielle : comment l’eucharistie, corps et sang du Christ, peut-elle être nourriture et sacrement de libération pour les peuples de la faim ? Cette question nous a conduit à investir les lieux où l’eucharistie appelle l’homme à une attitude charismatique et prophétique devant les situations dramatiques qui provoquent la faim et la misère en Afrique qui est le lieu géographique de cette recherche. Cette thèse met donc en exergue les vertus de partage, de solidarité, de communion, de fraternité… qui sont propres à l’eucharistie et à travers lesquelles ce sacrement peut pousser les croyants africains à une libération totale en Jésus-Christ. Dans cette recherche, en mettant en articulation eucharistie et libération, le chercheur fait droit à la théologie africaine de la libération qu’il présente comme une possibilité offerte aux Africains pour lutter contre toutes les formes d’oppression qui renient l’homme et portent atteinte au message de libération apporté par Jésus-Christ. L’eucharistie, qui est Pain du ciel mais aussi Pain des hommes, est une ouverture à la vie et non à la résignation, à la fausse piété et à la mort. / This thesis tries to answer this existential question : « How the Eucharist, body and blood of Christ, can be spiritual food and sacrament of liberation for nations suffering from hunger ? ». This question has led me to investigate the places where Eucharist calls Humankind to ancharismatic and prophetic attitude when confrontated to dramatic circumstances which provoke/ induce Hunger and Misery in Africa, the geographical place of this study. This Study (Thesis) tries to highlight the moral qualities of Sharing, Solidarity, Communion and Fraternity that are specific to Eucharist, through which this Sacrament can lead African Christians to a total Liberation in Jesus-Christ. In this study, by articulating Eucharist and Liberation, the searcher referes to the african theology of Liberation which he presents as apossibility given to African people to fight against all forms of oppression that denie Mankind and affects the message of Liberation brought by Jesus Christ. The Eucharist is bread of Heaven but also bread for Mankind, opens to life but not to resignation, to false piety and to death.

This thesis explores the use of eucharistic language in the theatre theories of three different mid-20th-century Polish theatre companies--the Reduta Theatre, the Rhapsodic Theatre, and the Laboratory Theatre--especially as expressed in the writings of their respective primary founders: Juliusz Osterwa, Mieczysław Kotlarczyk, and Jerzy Grotowski. The thesis also describes how the Rhapsodic and Laboratory Theatres inherited different elements of the Reduta tradition, and how those two diverging branches of the Reduta's legacy have affected contemporary theatre. In addition, the thesis examines how different 20th-century theatre theorists have related the eucharist to theatre, and evaluates the legitimacy of the claim that religious rituals such as the eucharist can and ought to be replaced by secular theatrical rituals. Special attention is paid to Carl Lavery's three views of the sacred: secular, theological, and a/theological. Alexander Schmemann's conception of the eucharist is used to correct Lavery's presentation of the theological sacred and to argue for the possibility of a Christian sacred theatre, or a "eucharistic theatre." The thesis defines the concept of a eucharistic theatre; demonstrates the extent to which the Reduta, Rhapsodic, and Laboratory Theatres meet this definition; and suggests some ways in which a eucharistic theatre may be created today.

The thesis "Sacraments in the documents of the second Vatican council" deals with selected articles of the individual constitutions, documents and decrees of the council, which concern sacraments in the theological context. The articles are selected from the constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum concilium, constitution on the Church Lumen gentium, pastoral constitution Gaudium et spes, document about the Apostolate of the Laity Apostolicam actuositatem, decree on Ecumenism Unitatis redintegratio and the decree on the life and service of priests Presbyterorum ordinis. The thesis is based on the acts of council and it maps the progress of creating the articles. A brief summary of history of the formation of individual constitutions, documents and decrees is mentioned before the analysis of the articles. The chapters are divided by the documents. At the end of the thesis is a chapter containing important themes concerning the Sacraments that came up from the mapping of the article.

The thesis deals with the theme of secrets as itself and how it is related to the church. Its main issue if is it a church that creates mystery, or whether the mystery is creates church. Furthermore, the work seeks to examine the veracity of statements II. Vatican concilium, which identify the Church as sacrament, that mean the secret. The work examines the main approaches to the mystery and the language they speak about him. While access to the mystery, which has Gnostic character and is well characterized and defined conceptually, it can be seen that the designation anit-gnostic mystery of missing a simple term. Work and offers use of the term exotheric, which is contrary to esoteric and further work highlights the typical character and timbre of this exotheric mystery. The work also aligns with the mystery as objective scientific phenomenon and examines whether the other sciences (mathematics or astronomy) may be encountered exoteric and objective mystery. Investigate the findings are eventually applied to the discourse on the Church, which shows that if the church was not defined as secret, it would be reduced to mere human community and vice versa, if the Church was reduced only as a community insider secrets, it would be just another gnostic sect.

The aim of this essay is to examine the eucharist in three denominations of Christianity, namely Svenska kyrkan, Pingst and Jehovah’s witnesses. These groups are examined individually, followed by a comparison of the different views of the eucharist. The information the examination is based on are different official documents provided by the named denominations’ theologians and elders for both members of the church as well as the public. The comparison is followed by a discussion about the relationship between the denominations’ view on eucharist and their ecclesiology, i.e. their view of the church.    The results show that the differences between them are much due to the sources they use to support their claims as well as their individual history. The similarities are found to be due to a general desire to unite all members of the congregation and to let everyone take part in a collective connection with Christ regardless of whether or not the partakers roles in the church. The discussion about the relationship between the three denominations’ relationships between eucharist and ecclesiology show that the eucharist is a somewhat good representation of the general denominations’ views. This conclusion aligns with the view of Scott W. Bullard’s research about the relationship between the eucharist and the church, where the result is that the eucharist is a foundation of the church’s construction and organization.

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Petr Černoch - Dining together in the New Testament church from the collective memory perspective - Abstract The collective memory is a relatively new method of studying early Christianity that was taken from the humanities, especially sociology. This diploma thesis chose it as its method of studying the phenomenon of dining together, especially in the manifestation of the ritual of the Eucharist in the 1st century AD. In the first chapter, right after the introduction, this work briefly discussed the development of the study of memory from the collective memory of Mauritius Halwbachs with its social roots. He influenced contemporary memory studies through Jan Assmann, who developed his collective memory of the cultural and described its connection to New Testament research. By defining Cultural Memory, he showed strong links in religion between identity, myth and ritual. The work tried to define the terms myth and ritual with which it operates The next chapter deals with the linguistic and literary world of books, where the words of the establishment of the ritual of the Eucharist are located, discusses their structure and references to food or dining together. The work tried to show the view of the collective memory and thus shed light on some places of tradition and the origin of the ritual of the...