I nästan tre decennier har GPS-koordinater och rutt-instruktioner visats i en top-down 2D-vy. Först i dedikerade navigationssystem, kommersiellt används för körning, till idag med GPS-system tillgängliga i våra smartphones. Det vanligaste sättet att idag visa GPS koordinater är fortfarande i någon form av 2D-vy som visar användaren var den är och vilka vägar / gator som ska tas. Detta har emellertid några problem som vi tror kan lösas med hjälp av Augmented Reality kombinerat med GPS. I denna uppsats beskrivs om och hur en Augmented Reality baserad navigerings vy kan göra det lättare för gående att navigera genom en stad jämfört med en 2D baserad navigering. För att svara på frågan presenterar denna studie en navigationsapplikation som kombinerar de två teknologierna GPS och Augmented Reality som sedan används i ett användartest. Resultaten från användartesterna och frågeformuläret visar att Augmented Reality-baserad navigering används bäst i scenarier där det finns många gator och det är svårt att berätta på en 2D-karta vilken gata du ska ta. / For almost three decades GPS coordinates and directions have been displayed with a top-down 2D view. At first in dedicated navigation systems, commercially used for driving, into today having GPS systems available in our everyday smartphones. The most common way to display the coordinates today are still by some sort of 2D view showing the user where it is and what roads/streets to take. This however has some problems that we believe can be solved using Augmented Reality combined with GPS. This paper sets out to answer the question if and how Augmented Reality displayed navigation can make it easier for pedestrians to navigate through a city compared to a 2D displayed navigation. In order to answer the question at hand this study presents a navigation application that combines the two technologies GPS and Augmented Reality which then is used in a user test. The results from the user tests and the questionnaire indicates that Augmented Reality based navigation is best used in scenarios where there are a lot of streets and it is hard to tell on a 2D map which street to take.

No description available.

The Expanded Program on Immunization Sampling Method (known simply as EPI sampling) is a two-stage sampling procedure originally intended for quick estimation of disease prevalence in large geographical regions. The method was developed in the 1970s and all the subsequent assessments of its performance have been conducted by simulation. In her master's thesis, Reyes (2016) studied in detail the second-stage sampling of the method by developing formulas for the exact calculation of the household inclusion probabilities when sectors are used to identify the initial household to generate the EPI samples. The inclusion probabilities were used in turn to obtain exact mean, bias, variance and mean square error of any estimator of disease prevalence in the population. Thus, no extensive simulations are required and the results are exact rather than just estimates. This thesis is an extension of Reyes' (2016) work. The extension is two-fold; (a) employing strips rather than sectors because they narrow the geographic area for field workers and to use strips to select the first household for the EPI sample at the secondary stage, and (b) carrying out an analysis on simulated population and sampling plans, using both stages of the EPI method. Analyzing the simulated populations showed that equal weight estimator that samples primary units with replacement with probability proportional to size (EW1) should be used when the target characteristic is thought to be spread randomly throughout the population, and the Horvitz-Thompson estimator that samples primary units systematically with replacement (HTSYS) should be used when the disease is believed to spread from a central location or through pocketing. Comparing the strip and sector sampling methods at the secondary stage using their effective areas leads to a comparative basis in which the inclusion probabilities are identical for both methods. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Os acidentes de trânsito são eventos cotidianos nas principais rodovias, ruas e avenidas do Brasil, esses são motivados pelo aumento da frota veicular, o péssimo estado de conservação das pavimentações, negligências dos condutores e pedestres no trânsito entre outros casos. Os acidentes podem causar vários danos (materiais, ambientais e na saúde do ser humano). Estes danos podem ser multiplicados se o veículo envolvido estiver transportando produto perigoso, que não é raro de ocorrer, é a segunda maior categoria envolvida em acidentes no Brasil. Uma forma de diminuir os danos é um resgate rápido. Por outro lado, tem-se uma crescente evolução tecnológica, smartphones, criando realidade virtual, com vários sensores, temperatura, movimento, localização etc. podendo ser uma ferramenta potencial para auxiliar as equipes de resgates. O presente trabalho investigou um sistema de informações geográficas para monitoramento do transporte de produtos perigosos em na rodovia BR 101, via internet móvel, o qual identifique acidente, informando as equipes de resgate, o local e o produto transportado. Com as integrações das linguagens HTML, JavaScript/jQuery e PHP com a API da Google Maps e o banco de dados Postgres/PostGIS buscou-se verificar a possibilidade de implementação do servidor de mapas WEB. O aplicativo para smartphone foi desenvolvido em linguagem Java para Android na versão KitKat, visando abranger o maior número de usuários possível. Como resultado conseguiu-se desenvolver o servidor de mapas com a interação das linguagens, com três níveis de acesso Comum, Operário e Administrador. O aplicativo utilizou o sensor de GPS para coletar a coordenada geográfica e a velocidade média do veículo, com essas informações foi desenvolvido um mecanismo de análise de ocorrência de acidente. O servidor de mapas e o aplicativo se comunicam através de uma página PHP o aplicativo manda informações para o banco de dados, que o servidor lê e interpreta a informação. Este trabalho serve de base para inúmeras outras aplicações, atualmente estão sendo descobertas novas aplicações para smartphone e estas aplicações visando mais segurança serão bem aceitas pela população. / Traffic accidents are everyday events of the main highways, streets and avenues of Brazil, motivated hair increasing vehicle fleet, the poor state of conservation of paving, negligence of drivers and pedestrians in traffic between other cases. Accidents cause several damages (materials, environment and the human Health) these damage be multiplied if the vehicle is involved transporting dangerous product, and not rare to occur, are the second largest category involved in accidents in Brazil. One way to lessen the damage is a fast rescue. By side other, we have a growing technological evolution, smartphones, creating virtual reality, with several sensors, temperature, movement, location etc. can be a potential tool to assist and rescue teams. The present work investigated a Geographic Information System to monitoring the transport of dangerous goods in road in the BR 101, via mobile internet, which identify accident, informing and rescue teams, the location, and the goods transported. With the integration of languages HTML, JavaScript / jQuery and PHP with the Google Maps API and the data bank of Postgres/PostGIS sought to verify the possibility of Implementation of web map server The application to smartphones was developed in Java for Android in version KitKat, aiming to cover the largest number of users possible. As a result it had developed the Map Server with the interaction of languages, with three levels of access common, worker and administrator. The application was developed used GPS sensor to collect a geographic coordinate and average speed of vehicle, with these information was developed an accident occurred analysis engine. The Map Server and the application communicate through a page PHP application sends information to the database, which the server reads and interprets the information. This work form the basis of numerous other applications, we are living in where are a moment being discovered new applications to smartphones and these applications seeking more security will be well accepted by the population.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αναφέρεται στην δημιουργία μιας εφαρμογής για κινητά τηλέφωνα, σε πλατφόρμα J2ME. Η εφαρμογή αυτή δίνει τη δυνατότητα στους χρήστες της, με τη βοήθεια υπηρεσιών βασισμένων στη θέση, να συγκρίνουν τις τιμές στις οποίες πωλούνται διάφορα βιβλία στα καταστήματα της περιοχής τους. Για την ανάπτυξη αυτής της εφαρμογής χρησιμοποιήθηκαν υπηρεσίες διαδικτύου που επιτρέπουν την επικοινωνία μεταξύ κινητών συσκευών και ενός κεντρικού εξυπηρετητή. Επίσης, αναπτύχθηκε μια βάση δεδομένων από την πλευρά του εξυπηρετητή, η οποία ενημερώνεται από τους ίδιους τους χρήστες. Για τον καθορισμό της γεωγραφικής θέσης του χρήστη χρησιμοποιείται το σύστημα GPS, ενώ για την παρουσίαση των αποτελεσμάτων χρησιμοποιήθηκε το Static Maps API. / The purpose of this diploma thesis is the development of an application designed for mobile phones, based on a J2ME platform. This application enables the users to use their phones in order to compare the prices of books among stores of a specific area. The development of this application includes a distributed system, which consists of two components: the client application, namely the users and the server application that contains a data base. This data base gets updated by the end users. The communication between the server and the client is based on Web Services. The users’ location is determined by the phone’s embedded GPS receiver. Finally, the Static Maps API is used for mapping the results.

Os acidentes de trânsito são eventos cotidianos nas principais rodovias, ruas e avenidas do Brasil, esses são motivados pelo aumento da frota veicular, o péssimo estado de conservação das pavimentações, negligências dos condutores e pedestres no trânsito entre outros casos. Os acidentes podem causar vários danos (materiais, ambientais e na saúde do ser humano). Estes danos podem ser multiplicados se o veículo envolvido estiver transportando produto perigoso, que não é raro de ocorrer, é a segunda maior categoria envolvida em acidentes no Brasil. Uma forma de diminuir os danos é um resgate rápido. Por outro lado, tem-se uma crescente evolução tecnológica, smartphones, criando realidade virtual, com vários sensores, temperatura, movimento, localização etc. podendo ser uma ferramenta potencial para auxiliar as equipes de resgates. O presente trabalho investigou um sistema de informações geográficas para monitoramento do transporte de produtos perigosos em na rodovia BR 101, via internet móvel, o qual identifique acidente, informando as equipes de resgate, o local e o produto transportado. Com as integrações das linguagens HTML, JavaScript/jQuery e PHP com a API da Google Maps e o banco de dados Postgres/PostGIS buscou-se verificar a possibilidade de implementação do servidor de mapas WEB. O aplicativo para smartphone foi desenvolvido em linguagem Java para Android na versão KitKat, visando abranger o maior número de usuários possível. Como resultado conseguiu-se desenvolver o servidor de mapas com a interação das linguagens, com três níveis de acesso Comum, Operário e Administrador. O aplicativo utilizou o sensor de GPS para coletar a coordenada geográfica e a velocidade média do veículo, com essas informações foi desenvolvido um mecanismo de análise de ocorrência de acidente. O servidor de mapas e o aplicativo se comunicam através de uma página PHP o aplicativo manda informações para o banco de dados, que o servidor lê e interpreta a informação. Este trabalho serve de base para inúmeras outras aplicações, atualmente estão sendo descobertas novas aplicações para smartphone e estas aplicações visando mais segurança serão bem aceitas pela população. / Traffic accidents are everyday events of the main highways, streets and avenues of Brazil, motivated hair increasing vehicle fleet, the poor state of conservation of paving, negligence of drivers and pedestrians in traffic between other cases. Accidents cause several damages (materials, environment and the human Health) these damage be multiplied if the vehicle is involved transporting dangerous product, and not rare to occur, are the second largest category involved in accidents in Brazil. One way to lessen the damage is a fast rescue. By side other, we have a growing technological evolution, smartphones, creating virtual reality, with several sensors, temperature, movement, location etc. can be a potential tool to assist and rescue teams. The present work investigated a Geographic Information System to monitoring the transport of dangerous goods in road in the BR 101, via mobile internet, which identify accident, informing and rescue teams, the location, and the goods transported. With the integration of languages HTML, JavaScript / jQuery and PHP with the Google Maps API and the data bank of Postgres/PostGIS sought to verify the possibility of Implementation of web map server The application to smartphones was developed in Java for Android in version KitKat, aiming to cover the largest number of users possible. As a result it had developed the Map Server with the interaction of languages, with three levels of access common, worker and administrator. The application was developed used GPS sensor to collect a geographic coordinate and average speed of vehicle, with these information was developed an accident occurred analysis engine. The Map Server and the application communicate through a page PHP application sends information to the database, which the server reads and interprets the information. This work form the basis of numerous other applications, we are living in where are a moment being discovered new applications to smartphones and these applications seeking more security will be well accepted by the population.

Os acidentes de trânsito são eventos cotidianos nas principais rodovias, ruas e avenidas do Brasil, esses são motivados pelo aumento da frota veicular, o péssimo estado de conservação das pavimentações, negligências dos condutores e pedestres no trânsito entre outros casos. Os acidentes podem causar vários danos (materiais, ambientais e na saúde do ser humano). Estes danos podem ser multiplicados se o veículo envolvido estiver transportando produto perigoso, que não é raro de ocorrer, é a segunda maior categoria envolvida em acidentes no Brasil. Uma forma de diminuir os danos é um resgate rápido. Por outro lado, tem-se uma crescente evolução tecnológica, smartphones, criando realidade virtual, com vários sensores, temperatura, movimento, localização etc. podendo ser uma ferramenta potencial para auxiliar as equipes de resgates. O presente trabalho investigou um sistema de informações geográficas para monitoramento do transporte de produtos perigosos em na rodovia BR 101, via internet móvel, o qual identifique acidente, informando as equipes de resgate, o local e o produto transportado. Com as integrações das linguagens HTML, JavaScript/jQuery e PHP com a API da Google Maps e o banco de dados Postgres/PostGIS buscou-se verificar a possibilidade de implementação do servidor de mapas WEB. O aplicativo para smartphone foi desenvolvido em linguagem Java para Android na versão KitKat, visando abranger o maior número de usuários possível. Como resultado conseguiu-se desenvolver o servidor de mapas com a interação das linguagens, com três níveis de acesso Comum, Operário e Administrador. O aplicativo utilizou o sensor de GPS para coletar a coordenada geográfica e a velocidade média do veículo, com essas informações foi desenvolvido um mecanismo de análise de ocorrência de acidente. O servidor de mapas e o aplicativo se comunicam através de uma página PHP o aplicativo manda informações para o banco de dados, que o servidor lê e interpreta a informação. Este trabalho serve de base para inúmeras outras aplicações, atualmente estão sendo descobertas novas aplicações para smartphone e estas aplicações visando mais segurança serão bem aceitas pela população. / Traffic accidents are everyday events of the main highways, streets and avenues of Brazil, motivated hair increasing vehicle fleet, the poor state of conservation of paving, negligence of drivers and pedestrians in traffic between other cases. Accidents cause several damages (materials, environment and the human Health) these damage be multiplied if the vehicle is involved transporting dangerous product, and not rare to occur, are the second largest category involved in accidents in Brazil. One way to lessen the damage is a fast rescue. By side other, we have a growing technological evolution, smartphones, creating virtual reality, with several sensors, temperature, movement, location etc. can be a potential tool to assist and rescue teams. The present work investigated a Geographic Information System to monitoring the transport of dangerous goods in road in the BR 101, via mobile internet, which identify accident, informing and rescue teams, the location, and the goods transported. With the integration of languages HTML, JavaScript / jQuery and PHP with the Google Maps API and the data bank of Postgres/PostGIS sought to verify the possibility of Implementation of web map server The application to smartphones was developed in Java for Android in version KitKat, aiming to cover the largest number of users possible. As a result it had developed the Map Server with the interaction of languages, with three levels of access common, worker and administrator. The application was developed used GPS sensor to collect a geographic coordinate and average speed of vehicle, with these information was developed an accident occurred analysis engine. The Map Server and the application communicate through a page PHP application sends information to the database, which the server reads and interprets the information. This work form the basis of numerous other applications, we are living in where are a moment being discovered new applications to smartphones and these applications seeking more security will be well accepted by the population.

The use of geographical data is increasing in real world applications and due to this, Geographic information systems (GIS) are a growing interest area for research nowadays. Today, GIS is combined with the World Wide Web (WWW) to provide information to a lot of people. Web-based GIS applications have gained popularity because of their easy use and simplicity. Through browsers, web-based GIS applications can display maps with features like buildings, forests, roads and even traffic. Furthermore spatial data can be analyzed and large amounts of data can be viewed on small screens by zooming and panning the map. So having all the above features, effective web-based GIS applications should be designed in a way that they should be easy to use and understand for users. Usability evaluation is becoming an important part of Interaction Design to find out the user´s needs and requirements. In this study two web-based GIS applications (Google Maps and MapQuest) are evaluated to find out usability problems. To accomplish the main goal of this study, different techniques are used. Special criteria are adopted for usability evaluation of these two web-based GIS applications. Usability tests have been performed with six graduate users and questionnaires were filled out by these users. Interviews were conducted with six users to validate the results. The authors have provided a number of suggestions based on the problems that were identified in this study for Google Maps and MapQuest to improve the usability of these applications.

The goal of this thesis is to investigate the W3C Geolocation API from a developer’s perspective, focused on whether it makes development of location-based applications more accessible to developers. This has been investigated by looking at available ways to locate, possible uses, the functionality offered, the necessary level of prior knowledge needed for a developer and requirements on developer tools. This has been achieved through studies in relevant areas, a thorough introduction to W3C Geolocation API functionality, and by using the API to develop two different location-based applications as a demonstration. Testing of applications, on different platforms and in different environments, in conjunction with investigation of the rest of the material has shown that W3C Geolocation API in many ways actually makes development of location-based applications more accessible for developers. The API also provides fully adequate functionality and quality to meet the requirements for development of both simple and very advanced location-based applications. Målet med denna uppsats är att undersöka W3C Geolocation API ur ett utvecklarperspektiv, fokuserat på om den gör utveckling av positionsbaserade applikationer mer tillgänglig för utvecklare. Detta har undersökts genom att titta på vilka positioneringstekniker som är tillgängliga, vilka användningsområden som är möjliga, vilka funktioner som erbjuds och vilka krav som ställs på utvecklaren i form av kunskap och utvecklingsverktyg. Detta har åstadkommits genom studier på relevanta områden, en genomgående introducering av vad W3C Geolocation API har att erbjuda för funktioner, samt användning av API:n i form av två egenutvecklade applikationer. Tester av applikationerna, på olika plattformar och i olika miljöer, har sedan tillsammans med utredning av resten av materialet visat på att W3C Geolocation API på många sätt gör utveckling av positionsbaserade applikationer mer tillgänglig för utvecklare samt erbjuder fullt tillräcklig funktionalitet och kvalitet för att tillgodose de krav som ställs för önskvärda användningsområden.

The human’s ability to see, listen and speak is naturally embedded in how we interact and communicate with each other, but not only do we interact with other humans, we also spend a lot of time interacting with computers. In our study we take a starting point in embodied interaction and draw on people’s abilities from everyday life and apply them to computation in form of eye-tracking and speech recognition. Previous research mainly explored these inputs separately and little has been discovered regarding the combination. We applied a qualitative approach consisting of free surfs, task based evaluations and ten interviews, and we aimed for an understanding of how people perceive this interaction and to discover potential use contexts. The results indicate that people are positive towards the combination of eye-tracking and speech recognition for interacting with computers but found it hard to imagine a rich set of contexts in which it could be used.