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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

O processo de construção das fontes digitais de simulação caligráfica / The development of digital typefaces simulating calligraphy

Fabio Pinto Lopes de Lima 05 March 2009 (has links)
Conceituação do objeto pesquisado: a definição de fontes digitais de simulação caligráfica, origem e evolução tecnológica. A identificação das categorias de compreensão da forma caligráfica: as características visuais associadas ao universo instrumental da caligrafia; ao processo de construção da escrita; à perícia ferramental e à caligrafia como ocorrência espaço-temporal. O processo de construção das fontes digitais de simulação caligráfica. As etapas de construção das fontes de simulação baseadas em referências concretas: análise do original, digitalização, vetorização, métrica e fechamento do arquivo. As estratégias de construção das fontes baseadas em referências conceituais. Articulação de características estruturais e expressivas associadas ao instrumental caligráfico. A sugestão do ductus caligráfico em fontes digitais de simulação: construção contínua e interrompida. As estratégias associadas à representação visual da habilidade ferramental: ornamentação, integração e imperícia. O conceito de variância aplicado à tipografia digital: variância manual, aleatória e planejada. Apresentação dos projetos Zapfino, Bickham e Champion Script. Comentários a respeito da relevância das fontes digitais de simulação caligráfica: conservação, interação, compartilhamento e valorização da prática caligráfica. / Conceptualization of the studys object: the definition of digital typefaces simulating calligraphy, their origin and technological evolution. Identification of categories for understading calligraphic shapes: visual characteristics associated with the instrumental universe of calligaphy; the process of writing; craft skills and calligraphy as a temporal-spatial event. The process of manufacturing digital typefaces simulating calligraphy.The steps of development of digital typefaces simulating calligraphy based on concrete references: source analysis, digitalization, translation to outlines, spacing and font generation. Strategies for designing typefaces simulating calligraphy based on conceptual references. Articulation of structural and expressive features associated with the calligraphic craft. Suggestion of calligraphic ductus in digital typefaces simulating calligraphy: continuous and interrupted construction. Strategies associated with the visual representation of instrumental skills: ornamentation, integration and lack of skills. The concept of variation applied to digital type: manual, random and planned variation. Presentation of the typefaces Zapfino, Bickham and Champion Script. Comments related to the relevance of digital typefaces simulating calligraphy: conservation, interaction, sharing and increasing appreciation for the calligraphic practice
182

Habilidades de processamento fonológico e de escrita em crianças com distúrbio específico de linguagem: um estudo comparativo com a normalidade / Phonological processing and writing skills in children with specific language impairment - a comparative study

Paula Renata Pedott 24 March 2016 (has links)
Introdução: Crianças com distúrbio específico de linguagem (DEL) são propensas a apresentar dificuldade no processo de alfabetização devido às múltiplas alterações de linguagem que possuem. Este estudo comparou e caracterizou o desempenho de crianças com DEL e em desenvolvimento típico de linguagem em atividades de aliteração, rima, memória de curto prazo fonológica, ditado de palavras e de pseudopalavras. A principal hipótese do estudo era de que o grupo DEL apresentaria desempenho inferior do que o grupo em desenvolvimento típico em todas as habilidades estudadas. Método: Participaram do estudo 12 crianças com DEL (GP) e 48 em desenvolvimento típico (GC) com idade entre 7 anos e 9 anos e 11 meses. Todos os sujeitos cursavam o 2º ou 3º ano do ensino fundamental I e apresentavam audição e rendimento intelectual não-verbal preservados. Para a seleção dos grupos foram utilizadas medidas de vocabulário receptivo, fonologia e nível socioeconômico. Já as medidas experimentais avaliadas foram testes padronizados de aliteração, rima, memória de curto prazo fonológica e a aplicação de um ditado de palavras e de pseudopalavras elaborados para esta pesquisa. Resultados: ambos os grupos apresentaram pior desempenho em tarefas de rima do que de aliteração e o GP apresentou desempenho inferior em ambas as tarefas quando comparado ao GC. A análise dos distratores nas atividades de aliteração e rima apontou que em tarefas de aliteração, o GP cometeu mais erros de tipologia semântico enquanto na prova de rima foram mais erros de tipologia fonológico. O GP obteve desempenho inferior ao GC nas avaliações da memória de curto prazo fonológica, ditado de palavras e de pseudopalavras. O GP evidenciou maior dificuldade no ditado de pseudopalavras no que no de palavras e o GC não apresentou diferença significativa no desempenho dos ditados. No ditado de palavras, o GP cometeu mais erros na palavra toda enquanto no ditado de pseudopalavras ocorreram mais erros na palavra toda e na sílaba final. Na comparação do desempenho dos grupos de acordo com a escolaridade, notou-se que os sujeitos do GC do 2º e 3º ano não evidenciaram diferença significativa em seu desempenho nas tarefas, enquanto os sujeitos do GP do 3º ano apresentaram melhor desempenho do que os do 2º ano em todas as medidas experimentais, com exceção da memória de curto prazo fonológica. Conclusões: o GP apresentou dificuldade em tarefas de processamento fonológico e de escrita que foram realizadas com relativa facilidade pelo GC. Os sujeitos com DEL evidenciaram uma análise mais global dos estímulos apresentados nas tarefas de consciência fonológica, o que os fez desprezar aspectos segmentais importantes. A dificuldade em abordar as informações de modo analítico, somado a alterações linguísticas e do processamento fonológico, levou o GP a apresentar maior taxa de erros nas tarefas de ditado. Apesar das alterações apontadas, os sujeitos do GP do 3º ano obtiveram melhor desempenho do que os do 2º ano em todas as habilidades com exceção da memória de curto prazo fonológica, que é sua marca clínica. Estes dados reforçam a necessidade do diagnóstico e intervenção precoces para esta população, onde as habilidades abordadas neste estudo devem ser incluídas no processo terapêutico / Introduction: Children with specific language impairment (SLI) are likely to experience difficulty in literacy development due to several language alterations they have. This study compared and characterized the performance of children with SLI to ones with typical language development in activities involving alliteration, rhyme, phonological short-term memory, and spelling of words and pseudowords. Our main hypothesis was that the group with SLI would have an inferior performance than the typical language development one in all the capacities studied. Methods: Participants were 12 children with SLI (study group - SG) and 48 in typical language development (control group - CG) aged 7-to-9 years. All children were on 2nd or 3rd grade and presented hearing thresholds within normal limits and appropriate nonverbal intellectual performance. In order to characterize the children, we assessed receptive vocabulary, phonology and socioeconomic status. The experimental assessment was composed by alliteration and rhyme tests, short-term memory test and by a spelling of words and pseudowords. Results: Both groups presented an inferior performance in rhyme activities compared to the alliteration, and the SG had an inferior performance in both tasks in comparison to CG. The analysis of distractors in alliteration and rhyme activities pointed out that in alliteration tests, SG made more errors of the semantics typology; whereas in rhyme tests, the errors regarded to phonological typology. SG had an inferior performance compared to CG in phonological short-term memory evaluation, as well as word and pseudoword spelling. SG evinced more difficulty in pseudoword spelling than in word spelling, and CG did not present any significant difference in spelling performance. Concerning word spelling, SG made more mistakes in entire words, whereas the pseudoword spelling mistakes were more frequent in the entire word and final syllable. Comparing the performance of the groups regarding schooling, it was noticed individuals from CG at 2nd and 3rd grade did not evince significant difference in their performance, whilst 3rd graders from SG presented better performance than 2nd graders in all experimental measures, except in phonological short-term memory. Conclusion: SG presented more difficulty in phonological processing and writing tasks which were done slightly easily by CG. SLI individuals attested a more global analysis of the stimuli presented in phonological awareness tasks, what made them despise relevant segmental aspects. The difficulty in approaching information analytically, in addiction to linguistic and phonological processing alterations resulted in higher mistake rates in spelling tasks by SG individuals. In spite of the mentioned alterations, SG 3rd graders obtained better performance than 2nd graders in all abilities except in phonological short-term memory, which is its clinical marker. These data reinforces the necessity of diagnosis and early intervention in this population, where the abilities observed by this study should be included in the therapeutic process
183

Handskrift och maskinskrift i lågstadiet : Lågstadieslärares val av inlärningsmetoder för handskrift och maskinskrift / Handwriting and computer writing in primary school : Primary school teachers' choice of acqusitions of handwriting and computer writing

Hugosson, Anna January 2017 (has links)
Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda ut på hur lågstadielärare ser på den digitaliserade skriftspråksutvecklingen i skolan samt hur pedagoger undervisar skriftspråket. Samhället som vi människor lever i idag har blivit alltmer digitaliserat och skolan har naturligen följt med i denna digitala utveckling. Datorer och surfplattor är ett vanligt förekommande verktyg i skolor, även om tillgången till dessa verktyg ser olika ut i olika skolor. Studien har sin utgångspunkt utifrån det sociokulturella och pragmatiska perspektivet. Undersökningen genomförs med hjälp av enkät som riktas till pedagoger som arbetar i lågstadiet. Resultatet av studien visar att lärarna är positiva till den digitala skriftspråksutveckling. Det beror på dels på att maskinskriften är ett enkelt verktyg i samband med textbearbetning och dels för att lärarens fokus läggs mer på innehållet än formalia. Resultatet visar även vikten av att bevara handskriften då flera sinnen används vilket underlättar för skrivinlärningen. Lärarna arbetar med skrivinlärning på olika sätt. Några lärare använder en eller flera kända metoder, medan andra har sitt eget sätt att arbeta med skrivinlärning. / The purpose of this study is to find out how teachers in primary schools percieve the digitizied writing development in school and how they teach pupils to write. Our society has been digitized and naturally so has the school. Computers and tablets are a common equipment in schools, even though acess to these tools differs in Swedish schools.  The study is based on a socio-cultural and a pragmatic persepective. The study is conducted by using surveys aims at teachers working in the lower secondary school. The result of the study shows that teachers are positive to the digitized writing development. The main reasons are that the computer is a simple tool to edit texts and the teachers´ focus is mainly on the content than the formalities. The result also shows that serveral parts of the brain are being used in handwriting which simplify the writing acquisition. The teachers are working differently with writing acquisition. Some are using one or many famous methods and some has their own way to teach writing acquisition.
184

Handskrift och maskinskrift i lågstadiet : Lågstadielärares val av inlärningsmetoder för handskrift och maskinskrift / Handwriting and computer writing in primary school : Primary school teachers’ choice of acquisition of handwriting and computer writing

Hugosson, Anna January 2017 (has links)
Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på hur lågstadielärare ser på den digitaliserade skriftspråksutvecklingen i skolan samt hur pedagoger undervisar skriftspråket. Samhället som vi människor lever i idag har blivit alltmer digitaliserat och skolan har naturligen följt med i denna digitala utveckling. Datorer och surfplattor är ett vanligt förekommande verktyg i skolor, även om tillgången till dessa verktyg ser olika ut i olika skolor.  Studien tar sin utgångspunkt utifrån det sociokulturella och det pragmatiska perspektivet. Undersökningen genomförs med hjälp av enkät som riktas till pedagoger som arbetar i lågstadiet. Resultatet av studien visar att lärarna är positiva till den digitala skriftspråksutvecklingen. Det beror dels på att maskinskriften är ett enkelt verktyg i samband med textbearbetning och dels för att lärarens fokus läggs mer på innehållet än formalia. Resultatet visar även vikten av att bevara handskriften då flera sinnen används vilket underlättar för skrivinlärningen. Lärarna arbetar med skrivinlärning på olika sätt. Några lärare använder en eller flera kända metoder, medan andra har sitt eget sätt att arbeta med skrivinlärningen. / The purpose of this study is to find out how teachers in primary schools perceive the digitized writing development in school and how they teach pupils to write. Our society has been digitized and naturally so has the school. Computers and tablets are a common equipment in schools, even though access to these tools differs in Swedish schools.  The study is based on a socio-cultural and a pragmatic perspective. The study is conducted by using surveys aims at teachers working in the lower secondary school. The result of the study shows that teachers are positive to the digitized writing development. The main reasons are that the computer is a simple tool to edit the text and the teachers´ focus is mainly on the content than the formalities. The result also shows that several parts of the brain are being used in handwriting which simplify the writing acquisition. The teachers are working differently with writing acquisition. Some are using one or many famous methods and some has their own way to teach writing acquisition.
185

The Effects of Self-evaluation and Response Restriction on Letter and Number Reversal in Young Children.

Strickland, Monica Kathleen 08 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a training package consisting of response restriction and the reinforcement of self-evaluation on letter reversal errors. Participants were 3 typically developing boys between the age of 5 and 7. The results indicated that the training package was successful in correcting reversals in the absence of a model during training and on application tests. These improvements maintained during subsequent follow-up sessions and generalized across trainers. Fading was not always necessary in correcting reversals, but was effective in correcting reversals that persisted during the overlay training procedures. The advantages to implementing a systematic intervention for reducing letter reversal errors in the classroom, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.
186

Um estudo empírico sobre classificação de símbolos matemáticos manuscritos / An empirical study on handwritten mathematical symbol classication

Marcelo Valentim de Oliveira 25 August 2014 (has links)
Um importante problema na área de reconhecimento de padrões é o reconhecimento de textos manuscritos. O problema de reconhecimento de expressões matemáticas manuscritas é um caso particular, que vem sendo tratado por décadas. Esse problema é considerado desafiador devido à grande quantidade de possíveis tipos de símbolos, às variações intrínsecas da escrita, e ao complexo arranjo bidimensional dos símbolos na expressão. Neste trabalho adotamos o problema de reconhecimento de símbolos matemáticos manuscritos para realizar um estudo empírico sobre o comportamento de classificadores multi-classes. Examinamos métodos básicos de aprendizado para classificação multi-classe, especialmente as abordagens um-contra-todos e todos-contra-todos de decomposição de um problema multi-classe em problemas de classificação binária. Para decompor o problema em subproblemas menores, propomos também uma abordagem que utiliza uma árvore de decisão para dividir hierarquicamente o conjunto de dados, de modo que cada subconjunto resultante corresponda a um problema mais simples de classificação. Esses métodos são examinados usando-se como classificador base os modelos de classificação vizinhos-mais-próximos e máquinas de suporte vetorial (usando a abordagem um-contra-todos para combinar os classificadores binários). Para classificação, os símbolos são representados por um conjunto de características conhecido na literatura por HBF49 e que foi proposto recentemente especificamente para problemas de reconhecimento de símbolos on-line. Experimentos foram realizados para avaliar a acurácia dos classificadores, o desempenho dos classificadores para número crescente de classes, tempos de treinamento e teste, e uso de diferentes sub-conjuntos de características. Este trabalho inclui uma descrição dos fundamentos utilizados, detalhes do pré-processamento e extração de características para representação dos símbolos, e uma exposição e discussão sobre o estudo empírico realizado. Os dados adicionais que foram coletados para os experimentos serão publicamente disponibilizados. / An important problem in the eld of Pattern Recognition is handwriting recognition. The problem of handwritten mathematical expression recognition is a particular case that is being studied since decades. This is considered a challenging problem due to the large number of possible mathematical symbols, the intrinsic variation of handwriting, and the complex 2D arrangement of symbols within expressions. In this work we adopt the problem of recognition of online mathematical symbols in order to perform an empirical study on the behavior of multi-class classiers. We examine basic methods for multi-class classification, specially the one-versus-all and all-versus-all approaches for decomposing multi-class problems into a set of binary classification problems. To decompose the problem into smaller ones, we also propose an approach that uses a decision tree to hierarchically divide the whole dataset into subsets, in such a way that each subset corresponds to a simpler classification problem. These methods are examined using the k-nearest-neighbor and, accompanied by the oneversus-all approach, the support vector machine models as base classiers. For classification, symbols are represented through a set of features known in the literature as HBF49 and which has been proposed recently specially for the problem of recognition of online symbols. Experiments were performed in order to evaluate classier accuracy, the performance of the classiers as the number of classes are increased, training and testing time, and the use of dierent subsets of the whole set of features. This work includes a description of the needed background, details of the pre-processing and feature extraction techniques for symbol representation, and an exposition and discussion of the empirical studies performed. The data additionally collected for the experiments will be made publicly available.
187

Le rôle des programmes moteurs graphiques dans la reconnaissance des lettres / The role of graphic motor programs in letter-like shape recognition

Seyll, Lola 28 April 2020 (has links) (PDF)
Le but du présent travail de thèse était d’examiner dans quelle mesure les programmes moteurs graphiques acquis au cours de l’apprentissage par écriture manuscrite contribuent au processus de reconnaissance. Précédemment, l’avantage de l’écriture manuscrite sur la dactylographie a été attribué à la contribution des programmes moteurs graphiques (Longcamp et al. 2010). Toutefois, les données recueillies dans le présent travail suggèrent que l’analyse visuelle détaillée requise par l’écriture manuscrite explique une grande partie de cet avantage. En effet, lorsque le symbole à reconnaître est présenté dans des conditions visuelles optimales, les apprentissages par écriture manuscrite et par composition – nécessitant tous les deux une analyse visuelle détaillée – aboutissent à un niveau de reconnaissance similaire et supérieur à celui faisant suite à la dactylographie. Ces résultats sont en accord avec la conception visuelle de la reconnaissance des lettres. Dans cette perspective, l’association entre la perception des lettres et l’activation motrice peut être interprétée comme la conséquence de l’apprentissage conjoint de la lecture et de l’écriture et non comme une condition nécessaire à l’encodage et à la reconnaissance.Toutefois, lorsque les conditions visuelles de présentation sont altérées, l’apprentissage par écriture manuscrite tend à aboutir à une meilleure reconnaissance que les apprentissages par composition et par dactylographie. Ces données suggèrent que les programmes moteurs graphiques pourraient contribuer à la reconnaissance lorsque les informations visuelles sont limitées et que la mémoire visuelle ne peut être utilisée de façon optimale. Notons que cette hypothèse mériterait d’être examinée de façon plus directe.Même si les résultats montrent une contribution importante de l’analyse visuelle détaillée dans l’avantage de l’écriture manuscrite sur la dactylographie, il convient de souligner que dans des conditions d’apprentissage naturelles, l’écriture manuscrite constitue le moyen le plus évident et spontané de promouvoir une telle analyse détaillée. Par ailleurs, pour que l’écriture manuscrite puisse aboutir à un encodage optimal, il est important que l’automaticité des mouvements d’écriture soit préservée. En effet, rompre l’automaticité de l’écriture par une perturbation de l’activité graphomotrice durant l’apprentissage affecte les performances ultérieures en reconnaissance. / Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
188

PokroÄil© metody parametrizace online p­sma osob s grafomotorickmi obt­emi / Advanced Parameterisation of Online Handwriting in Writers with Graphomotor Disabilities

Mucha, Jn January 2021 (has links)
Grafomotorick© obt­e (GD) vraznÄ ovlivuj­ kvalitu ivota koln­m vÄkem poÄ­naj­c, kde se vyv­jej­ grafomotorick© schopnosti, a do dchodov©ho vÄku. VÄasn diagnza tÄchto obt­­ a terapeutick zsah maj­ velk vznam k jejich zlepen­. Vzhledem k tomu, e GD souvis­ z v­cermi symptomy v oblasti kinematiky, zkladn­ kinematick© parametry jako rychlost, zrychlen­ a vih prokzaly efektivn­ kvantizaci tÄchto symptom. Objektivn­ vpoÄetn­ syst©m podpory rozhodovn­ pro identifikaci a vyeten­ GD vak nen­ dostupn. A proto je hlavn­m c­lem m© disertaÄn­ prce vzkum pokroÄil© metody parametrizace online p­sma pro analzu GD se speciln­m zamÄen­m na vyuit­ metod zlomkov©ho kalkulu. Tato prce je prvn­, kter experimentuje s vyuit­m derivac­ neceloÄ­seln©ho du (FD) pro analzu GD pomoc­ online p­sma z­skan©ho od pacient s Parkinsonovou nemoc­ a u dÄt­ koln­ho vÄku. Byla navrena a evaluovna nov metoda parametrizace online p­sma zaloena na FD vyuit­m Grnwald-Letnikova p­stupu. Bylo dokzno, e navren metoda vznamnÄ zlepuje diskriminaÄn­ s­lu a deskriptivn­ schopnosti v oblasti Parkinsonick© dysgrafie. StejnÄ tak metoda pozitivnÄ ovlivnila i nejmodernÄj­ techniky v oblasti analzy GD u dÄt­ koln­ho vÄku. Vyvinut parametrizace byla optimalizovna s ohledem na vpoÄetn­ nroÄnost (a o 80 %) a tak© na vyladÄn­ du FD. Ke konci prce byly porovnny v­cer© p­stupy vpoÄtu FD, jmenovitÄ Riemann-Liouvillv, Caputv spoleÄnÄ z Grnwald-Letnikovm p­stupem za Äelem identifikace tÄch nejvhodnÄj­ch pro jednotliv© oblasti analzy GD.
189

Výzkum nových parametrů online písma u dětí s grafomotorickými obtížemi / Research of new online handwriting features in children with graphomotor difficulties

Gavenčiak, Michal January 2021 (has links)
In the Czech Republic, there is currently no objective method to diagnose graphomotor difficulties in children. Ongoing research uses modern digitizers to capture the hand-writing process and quantify its parameters. The first goal of this thesis is to develop software tools to faciliate work with the collected data, such as database validation and writing exercise rating, done by specialists. Another goal of this thesis is to design new on-line handwriting parameters which are then to be analysed on a cohort of school children from 2nd to 4th class of primary school (n=239). The implementation of two desktop programs on the .NET platform is described, among three new quantifying parameters based on the principles of isochrony, two-dimensional cross-correlation, and geometrical centroid. All three parameters show significant correlation (r = [0,2; 0,3])with the HPSQ-C rating in 2nd- and 4th-graders and correlation (𝜌= [0,2; 0,5]) with specialist’s subjective scores in all children from the cohort. The analysis suggests children with graphomotor difficulties struggle with regulating handwriting speed and working memory.
190

Mnemonic Strategies To Teach Letter Formation

Gaffga, Amanda J. 12 November 2021 (has links)
No description available.

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