Esta dissertação apresenta a pesquisa realizada em uma escola privada na região do Vale dos Sinos e busca compreender o conceito de violência escolar e incivilidade a partir de diferentes autores e das falas dos alunos e professores. Aborda, também, o modo como esses jovens adolescentes constroem a sua identidade pessoal através da vivência no cotidiano escolar tendo em vista a forma de tratamento conferida a eles pelos professores e colegas. Além disso, esse estudo busca compreender a prática de encaminhamentos de alunos ao setor pedagógico, prática essa estabelecida na escola pesquisada, que ocasiona, muitas vezes, uma ruptura de comunicação entre os jovens alunos e seus respectivos professores. Essas experiências conformam práticas e resultam em um clima de tensão, insegurança e medo, gerando, dessa forma, relações conflituosas no espaço escolar. Esses conflitos, vividos na escola pesquisada, refletem um movimento de resistência dos alunos às práticas pedagógicas normatizadoras. / This research was carried out on a private school in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It has as main objective to comprehend the concept of school violence and incivility based on different authors and on the speech of teachers and students. This study also approach to the way these young adolescents build their personal identity through the life experience on school, considering the way they are treated by their teachers and classmates. Besides, this research intends to understand the practice of the student’s direction to the pedagogical sector. It’s important to mention that this practice, established on the school researched, causes, several times, a communication fault among the young students and their respective teachers. These experiences accommodate practices and results in a tense, insecure and fearful atmosphere, generating a conflictive relationship on the school’s space. This conflicts, lived on the researched school, reflect a resistant movement of students in relation to normative pedagogical practice.

High occurrences of student incivilities are a growing concern in the K-12 education system. This problem may be directly impacted by systems thinking and inconsistent school policy enforcement. At a local high school, this problem affected student learning outcomes and teacher-student interpersonal relationships. The purpose of this case study was to explore the perceptions of teachers and administrators regarding consistency in discipline policies and practices, as well as student incivilities as they related to Senge's 5 disciplines. The conceptual framework for this study was Senge's 5 disciplines of organizational learning: systems thinking, mental models, team learning, shared vision, and personal mastery. Using a case study design and responsive interviews, data from discipline procedure documents and data on student incivilities were collected from 9 teachers in Grades 9-12, as well as 2 administrators. The data were analyzed using Hatch's interpretive method. Findings indicated discipline policies and practices were ineffective and inconsistent, due to poor systemic communication structures and lack of classroom management. A recommendation was made to implement systemic classroom management policies and Positive Behavior Intervention and Support trainings. Positive social change occurs when administrators and teachers implement the systemic policies and trainings identified in this study in order to motivate students to change their patterns of incivility and, as a result, focus on learning.

Workplace mistreatment, in the form of both incivility and aggression, can have a major impact on personal and organizational outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the mental judgments that individuals make before engaging in either uncivil or aggressive behavior. Data was analyzed in terms of both the potential costs and the potential benefits that an instigator could expect from engaging in such behavior, with specific emphasis on gender differences in cost/benefit expectations. There were no significant gender differences in either the perceived costs or the perceived benefits of engaging in incivility. The hypothesis that individuals with a low cost and/or high benefit pattern of responses of incivility were more likely to report instigating uncivil behaviors was also unsupported. The limitation of statistical analyses by a violation of the assumption of equal variances is discussed.

Uncivil behavior in the workplace can cause absenteeism or low job performance among employees, yet little academic literature addresses this relationship, particularly in the public sector. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to use the transactional analysis of communication (TAC) model to explore the ramifications of incivility in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). The central research questions focused on employee perceptions of incivility and effective communication within the VHA. Twelve VHA employees were recruited for participation through a snowball sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the participants along with some VHA archived video training. Data were inductively coded and analyzed for emergent themes. Key findings revealed that VHA lacked effective communication, and malingering occurred due to workplace incivility. It was concluded that TAC curtailed misunderstandings of social dysfunctions in communicating. Another theme that emerged is that although workplace relationships were highly esteemed by employees, they believed that communication issues hindered those professional relationships and suggested training could be a valuable tool to improve workplace communication and reduce incivility. It was recommended that similar studies of this phenomenon be conducted for greater understanding and knowledge to the discipline. TAC served to effect positive social change by educating VHA leadership and their employees on how to thwart incivility in the workplace.

This thesis examines the role of management with regard to reducing and preventing workplace incivility through a care-focused and conflict transformation theory lens. The discussion on workplace incivility is expanded through an exploration of two theories: care-focused theory and conflict transformation theory. These theories are integrated into one theoretical framework, The Care-Centered Moral Imagination Framework (CMIF), which is applied to current literature recommendations on reduction and prevention of workplace incivility. The current literature recommendations were summarized through an ethnographic content analysis on existing academic studies conducted on workplace incivility. The result is a précis of current themes in the literature with regard to managing workplace incivility followed by a discussion of missing elements of management as determined through the application of the CMIF. These elements were rolled into ten valuable actions: care ethic, humility, pragmatism, treasure relations, embracing change and diversity, relationship building, dialogue, engagement, understanding and reflect and critique, that were recommended for managers to adopt and model in the workplace. The actions are suggested strategies for managers to use in the workplace when engaging with workplace incivility. I discuss suggestions and implications of the research in the concluding remarks. / Graduate / 0617 / 0344 / 0534 / lynn_86@msn.com

Esta dissertação apresenta a pesquisa realizada em uma escola privada na região do Vale dos Sinos e busca compreender o conceito de violência escolar e incivilidade a partir de diferentes autores e das falas dos alunos e professores. Aborda, também, o modo como esses jovens adolescentes constroem a sua identidade pessoal através da vivência no cotidiano escolar tendo em vista a forma de tratamento conferida a eles pelos professores e colegas. Além disso, esse estudo busca compreender a prática de encaminhamentos de alunos ao setor pedagógico, prática essa estabelecida na escola pesquisada, que ocasiona, muitas vezes, uma ruptura de comunicação entre os jovens alunos e seus respectivos professores. Essas experiências conformam práticas e resultam em um clima de tensão, insegurança e medo, gerando, dessa forma, relações conflituosas no espaço escolar. Esses conflitos, vividos na escola pesquisada, refletem um movimento de resistência dos alunos às práticas pedagógicas normatizadoras. / This research was carried out on a private school in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It has as main objective to comprehend the concept of school violence and incivility based on different authors and on the speech of teachers and students. This study also approach to the way these young adolescents build their personal identity through the life experience on school, considering the way they are treated by their teachers and classmates. Besides, this research intends to understand the practice of the student’s direction to the pedagogical sector. It’s important to mention that this practice, established on the school researched, causes, several times, a communication fault among the young students and their respective teachers. These experiences accommodate practices and results in a tense, insecure and fearful atmosphere, generating a conflictive relationship on the school’s space. This conflicts, lived on the researched school, reflect a resistant movement of students in relation to normative pedagogical practice.

Esta dissertação apresenta a pesquisa realizada em uma escola privada na região do Vale dos Sinos e busca compreender o conceito de violência escolar e incivilidade a partir de diferentes autores e das falas dos alunos e professores. Aborda, também, o modo como esses jovens adolescentes constroem a sua identidade pessoal através da vivência no cotidiano escolar tendo em vista a forma de tratamento conferida a eles pelos professores e colegas. Além disso, esse estudo busca compreender a prática de encaminhamentos de alunos ao setor pedagógico, prática essa estabelecida na escola pesquisada, que ocasiona, muitas vezes, uma ruptura de comunicação entre os jovens alunos e seus respectivos professores. Essas experiências conformam práticas e resultam em um clima de tensão, insegurança e medo, gerando, dessa forma, relações conflituosas no espaço escolar. Esses conflitos, vividos na escola pesquisada, refletem um movimento de resistência dos alunos às práticas pedagógicas normatizadoras. / This research was carried out on a private school in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It has as main objective to comprehend the concept of school violence and incivility based on different authors and on the speech of teachers and students. This study also approach to the way these young adolescents build their personal identity through the life experience on school, considering the way they are treated by their teachers and classmates. Besides, this research intends to understand the practice of the student’s direction to the pedagogical sector. It’s important to mention that this practice, established on the school researched, causes, several times, a communication fault among the young students and their respective teachers. These experiences accommodate practices and results in a tense, insecure and fearful atmosphere, generating a conflictive relationship on the school’s space. This conflicts, lived on the researched school, reflect a resistant movement of students in relation to normative pedagogical practice.

On an everyday basis, employees may be subjected to low intensity negative behaviours from those they work with. Uncivil behaviours may cumulatively add up over time to have detrimental effects on employees’ wellbeing and commitment to stay with their organisation. Since most of the research has been cross-sectional, capturing a snapshot in time, knowledge regarding the day-to-day effects of experiencing workplace incivility is limited The broad aim of the present research was to develop a new data collection tool in the form of a digital diary Smartphone app, to explore these day-to-day effects, measuring face-to-face and online workplace incivility. Three studies were conducted to develop and test the app. The first pilot study sought to test the proposed measures for use in the app. In particular, the commonly used Workplace Incivility Scale (WIS) was adapted to apply to online as well as face-to-face interactions. Statistical analysis of this pilot confirmed that both the face-to-face and online versions of the WIS were reliable and valid, and determined that experiencing workplace incivility via both modes was significantly associated with emotional exhaustion, and intentions to quit. On the basis of the first pilot, the app was developed and its feasibility tested in a second pilot focusing on the usability of the new app, which resulted in minor design changes being implemented prior to the final launch. The main research study sought to validate the new app and test a series of hypotheses about the day-to-day effects of workplace incivility. Participants completed an initial web-based survey and were then instructed to complete the questions on the app for one month. Multilevel analyses revealed that employees experienced higher levels of emotional exhaustion, and intention to quit on days when they were exposed to face-to-face or online incivility. The amount of incivility that participants experience on a day-to-day basis (Level 1) predicts emotional exhaustion, and intention to quit on a daily basis, and the average amount of incivility (Level 2) that participants experience also predicts their emotional exhaustion, and intention to quit when not considering other factors. Anger and fear were found to mediate the relationship between both forms of incivility and intention to quit. For the rumination-mediated models, the relationship between both forms of workplace incivility and emotional exhaustion is significantly mediated by rumination. Theoretically, this research contributes by providing insight into workplace incivility and its effects on a daily basis. Methodologically, this research advances the field by providing a new reliable and valid repeated measures data collection tool that other researchers may share to overcome and build upon the limitations inherent in cross-sectional studies.

<p>This study uses Incivility Spirals and Uses and Gratifications frameworks to explore how people discuss scientific topics on the social media site Reddit. Specifically, the goals of this project were to develop a new typology of online messages, examine how different factors influence online discourse, and determine whether uses and gratifications vary between Subreddits. The dataset consisted of comments on the top ten posts of 2019 from r/EverythingScience and r/Science. These Subreddits were examined because, although they both focus on science, they differ in terms of group rules and moderator style. Human coders and the text analysis software Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count were used to evaluate the comments on a series of dichotomous and continuous variables. These variables were used in a two-step cluster analysis to identify message typologies. Results indicate that there were three types of messages in the dataset: Polite Participation, Emotional Interrogation, and On Topic Information. Further analysis demonstrated that group norms and the first comment in a conversation impact the quality of discourse that takes place. Conversations on r/Science (the more strict Subreddit) that begin with an On Topic Information comment are more likely to be extremely deliberative, while conversation on r/EverythingScience that begin with an Emotional Interrogation comment are more likely to result in incivility spirals. Results also suggest differences in gratifications between Subreddits, with Redditors using r/Science for productive discussion and r/EverythingScience for heated debate. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, along with avenues for future research. </p>

Uncivil behavior in the workplace can cause absenteeism or low job performance among employees, yet little academic literature addresses this relationship, particularly in the public sector. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to use the transactional analysis of communication (TAC) model to explore the ramifications of incivility in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). The central research questions focused on employee perceptions of incivility and effective communication within the VHA. Twelve VHA employees were recruited for participation through a snowball sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the participants along with some VHA archived video training. Data were inductively coded and analyzed for emergent themes. Key findings revealed that VHA lacked effective communication, and malingering occurred due to workplace incivility. It was concluded that TAC curtailed misunderstandings of social dysfunctions in communicating. Another theme that emerged is that although workplace relationships were highly esteemed by employees, they believed that communication issues hindered those professional relationships and suggested training could be a valuable tool to improve workplace communication and reduce incivility. It was recommended that similar studies of this phenomenon be conducted for greater understanding and knowledge to the discipline. TAC served to effect positive social change by educating VHA leadership and their employees on how to thwart incivility in the workplace.