Academic nurse leaders hold an essential role in preparing future nurses who have the skills and abilities to meet complex healthcare system. However, vacancies in academic leadership positions are on the rise and may be connected to faculty incivility which affects job satisfaction of academic nurse leaders. The purpose of this descriptive correlational study, guided by Herzberg'€™s two-factor theory, was to explore the relationships between perceptions of and experiences with faculty incivility and job satisfaction in a population of academic nurse leaders. Leader perceptions of and experiences with faculty incivility were measured using the Workplace Civility/Incivility Survey and leader job satisfaction was measured using the Job Satisfaction Survey. Data were collected through an online survey from 142 academic nurse leaders and analyzed using nonparametric correlation testing. The results revealed that academic nurse administrators serving at the associate degree level are victims of faculty incivility and that their experiences with uncivil faculty behavior is significantly correlated to their job satisfaction (p <0.01). Study results suggest that academic nurse leaders will likely encounter uncivil faculty behavior during their tenure as administrators. It is imperative that academic leaders engage in professional development opportunities to address complex and difficult relationships that may occur in the work setting which will foster and advance the skills needed to effect positive social change. Further research that explores the causality of faculty incivility on job satisfaction and other outcomes of the work experience in this and other populations of nursing leaders is warranted.

Most nurses experience lateral violence (LV) during their careers. LV can be detrimental to nurses' livelihoods and careers, to facilities due to nurse replacement costs, to the nursing profession due to attrition, and to patient safety. The purpose of this staff education project was to educate registered nurses on the issue of LV and to equip nurses to respond to their aggressors. The project question addressed whether education would increase awareness of LV and empower nurses to stand up to their aggressors. The theory of the nurse as the wounded healer, social learning theory, and the theory of reciprocal determinism guided this project. Pretest, posttest, and evaluation data were collected from 155 nurse participants who completed an online education module. Data were analyzed by calculating the change scores between pretests and posttests and by assessing the evaluation data based on the number of nurses who answered at the highest positive levels on a Likert-style scale. Results showed a 24.64% increase in awareness from the pretest to posttest. Evaluation data indicated that nurses felt they had a better understanding of LV, felt better equipped to confront their aggressors, were concerned about the incidence of LV in the workplace, and wanted further education. Findings may be used to support positive change through routine education on LV to enable nurses to identify LV behaviors and use strategies including cognitive rehearsal, conflict resolution, and emotional intelligence to combat LV and change the culture of the nursing profession.

Employees who demean and degrade coworkers cost organizations billions of dollars every year. Workplace bullying is a business problem that affects up to 15% of employees, and little empirical research is available to establish the extent of bullying in academia. Bullies flourish in decentralized structures, and universities can be particularly susceptible to bullying behavior because of their decentralized structures of teaching and research that promote the growth of microclimates in segregated silos, from laboratories to small departments. The purpose of this multiple-case, census sample study was to explore the cost-reduction strategies that university human resource (HR) leaders use to manage the consequences of workplace bullying across the 7 universities in Ireland. The conceptual framework focused on power, culture, and leadership, which are central to the discourse on workplace bullying. Data analysis involved using the interpreted interview data that all participants verified for accuracy through the member checking process. Seven themes emerged as the most important to reduce the cost of workplace bullying. Participants identified policy, informal versus formal procedures, and cost as the most important themes pertaining to workplace bullying in their organization. The findings of this study will be a source of valuable information to HR leaders in all Irish universities. In addition, the findings have implications for theory and practice that may help Irish university HR leaders promote positive social change by enabling them to manage the financial and human cost of workplace bullying in Irish universities.

Workplace bullying caused business owners to lose about 80 million employees' workdays each year. Workplace bullying can cost an organization up to $300 billion for increased medical claims, lost productivity, and employee turnovers, and up to $23 billion in additional expenses, such as costs for employee absenteeism and legal costs. The purpose of this single case study was to explore successful strategies to address workplace bullying used by 7 human resource (HR) managers and executives in 1, small-to-medium-sized organization in Central Florida. The HR managers and executives had 5 or more years of HR experience. The risk management framework and theory of planned behavior were the conceptual frameworks that guided exploration of the phenomenon. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with HR managers and executives and from company artifacts, such as HR and risk management policies. Member checking and transcript review strengthened trustworthiness of data analysis and interpretations. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Five themes emerged from the data analysis: enhanced training, encourage reporting, develop HR business partner model, implement policies and guidelines, and enforce zero-tolerance policy. The findings of this study may contribute to positive social change by building awareness of workplace bullying for employees, organizations, and society, and by providing strategies to reduce the number of bullied victims and enrich social harmony within organizations and communities.

A Incivilidade no local de trabalho é definida como uma conduta divergente, com intenção obscura de prejudicar o outro, colega de trabalho, em descumprimento das regras de convivência profissional; algumas de suas manifestações são rudeza, descortesia, falta de consideração com os colegas, levando ao aumento do absenteísmo, diminuição da produtividade e até ao desligamento da vítima da instituição. O comportamento incivil na enfermagem recai particularmente sobre os profissionais recém-formados e, ainda, sobre os graduandos de enfermagem, pois são considerados mais suscetíveis, por serem mais jovens, com menor experiência de vida pessoal e profissional, mais inibidos para o confronto, tornando-os expostos aos \"ataques\" de incivilidade. Este estudo, de delineamento metodológico, quantitativo, tem como objetivos traduzir e adaptar culturalmente para o Brasil o instrumento Nursing Incivility Scale (NIS), bem como avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira em enfermeiros. A NIS é um instrumento americano, autoaplicável que permite o levantamento de diversas situações de incivilidades para com o enfermeiro, instigadas por diferentes sujeitos que participam do cotidiano no ambiente laboral hospitalar do enfermeiro. São 42 itens, distribuídos em 8 subescalas de situações de incivilidades, divididas em 5 instigadores da incivilidade para com o enfermeiro, apresentando a escala Likert de resposta. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob o número 67446417.9.0000.5393 em 12 de julho de 2017. Para a adaptação cultural, seguiu-se as diretrizes recomendadas pela literatura: tradução da NIS para a língua portuguesa escrita e falada no Brasil; obtenção da primeira versão consensual em português; retrotradução; obtenção da versão consensual em inglês e comparação com a versão original; avaliação dos itens por um comitê de juízes e avaliação semântica da NIS; pré-teste da versão em português. A versão adaptada foi aplicada no período de janeiro e fevereiro de 2018, os dados foram coletados em três hospitais de grande porte, de atenção terciária em uma cidade da região sul do Brasil, a um total de 332 enfermeiros. A maioria dos entrevistados era do sexo feminino (89,2%) e com idade entre 22 a 39 anos (68,9%), sendo que 52,3% eram casados ou tinham união estável. Quanto as propriedades psicométricas, a Validade de Construto Convergente verificou a correlação de Pearson entre a NIS e o Inventário de Estresse em Enfermeiros - IEE, com ?=0,479 (p<0,001) demonstrando existência de correlação entre elas. A Validade de Construto foi verificada por meio da análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e da analise fatorial confirmatória (AFC), com oito fatores, com variância de 0,77 no total, a análise com oito fatores sugeriu a exclusão do item 35, mantendo a escala com 42 itens. A fidedignidade foi investigada por meio da consistência interna, considerando que o Alfa de Cronbach para fatores 1 e 2 juntos foi de 0, 836 e para os fatores 3, 4 e 5 foi de 0,911. Assim pode-se concluir que a versão adaptada da Nursing Incivility Scale, para a realidade brasileira, apresenta resultados satisfatórios de validade e fidedignidade. Este estudo produziu novos conhecimentos científicos relevantes para o trabalhador enfermeiro, na avaliação inicial de incivilidade no ambiente de trabalho e pode oferecer às instituições hospitalares informações para aprofundar o tema entre seus colaboradores / Incivility in the workplace is defined as a divergent conduct with the obscure intention of harming a coworker, in violation of professional coexistence rules; sometimes it is manifested through rudeness, discourtesy, lack of consideration with coworkers, leading to increase in absenteeism, diminished productivity and even employment termination. Uncivil behavior in nursing falls particularly over recently graduated professionals, but also over undergraduate nurses, who are considered more susceptible as they are younger, with less personal and professional experience, more inhibited to confront, making them more prone to \"incivility attacks\". This study of methodological and quantifiable delimitation has the objective of translating and culturally adapting to Brazil the instrument Nursing Incivility Scale (NIS), evaluating the psychometrical properties of the Brazilian version in nurses. NIS is a self-applicable American instrument, which allows for the identification of several incivility situations toward nurses, instigated by different individuals that participate in the day-to-day activities of the nurse´s hospital work environment. There are 42 items, distributed in 8 subscales of incivility situations, divided in 5 instigators of incivility towards nurses, presenting the Likert scale of response. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under number 67446417.9.0000.5393 in July 12, 2017. For the cultural adaptation, the following literature recommended directives were followed: (i) translation into Portuguese written and spoken in Brazil (ii) completion of the first consensual version in Portuguese (iii) retro translation; (iv) completion of the consensual version in English and comparison with the original version; (v) evaluation of the items by a committee of judges; (vi) semantical evaluation of the NIS; (vii) pretest of the Portuguese version. The adapted version was applied between January and February 2018, with data being collected in 3 large hospitals of tertiary care, in a large city in the South Region of Brazil, canvassing 332 nurses, most of which were female (89.2%), aged between 22 and 39 years old (68.9%), and 52.3% were married or had a stable relationship. Regarding the psychometric properties, the validity of the convergent construct was verified by the Pearson correlation between NIS and the Inventory of Stress in Nurses (Inventário de Estresse em Enfermeiros - IEE), with ?=0.479 (p<0.001) demonstrating the correlation between them. The validity of the construct was verified by the exploratory factorial analyses (EFA) and the confirmatory factorial analyses (CFA), with 8 factors, with a variance of 0.77 in total. The analyses with 8 factors suggested the exclusion of item 35, maintaining the scale with 42 items. The reliability was investigated through the internal consistency, considering the Alfa de Cronbach for factors 1 and 2 together of 0.836 and for factors 3, 4 and 5 of 0.911. We reached the conclusion that the version of the Nursing Incivility Scale adapted to the Brazilian reality presented satisfactory results of validity and reliability. This study produced new scientific knowledge relevant to nurses, in the initial appraisal of incivility in the workplace, and can provide hospital institutions with information that can help understand how this issue affects their workforce

Politicians and media elites have been calling for a return to civility in United States politics, and the vast majority of citizens agree that civility is necessary for a strong democracy. Yet incivility is an ever-present and misunderstood part of politics. In my dissertation, I focus on news, politics, and incivility by asking three questions. First, to what extent does news coverage portray political conflict as uncivil? Second, what political behaviors do citizens perceive as uncivil? Finally, how does news that portrays politics as uncivil affect citizens? I used a mixed method approach to answer these questions. I, first, conducted a content analysis of news surrounding four high-conflict political events to determine whether two conflict frames (interpersonal-level and public-level conflict) emerged. Second, I conducted two experiments and drew from social judgment theory to determine whether citizens perceived multiple types of incivility and whether their partisanship influenced how acceptable they found political behaviors to be. In a final experiment, I tested whether exposure to mediated conflict frames prompted perceptions of incivility from citizens and affected their reactions to politics. This project makes clear that news coverage of conflict emphasizes incivility and negatively affects citizens. Media elites shape political conflict using interpersonal-level and public-level conflict frames. Citizens perceive both types of conflict, as well, and tend to think that likeminded partisans are behaving appropriately while counter-attitudinal partisans are behaving badly. Finally, and importantly, the coverage of political conflict affects citizens in troublesome ways. Particularly when both types of conflict frames are present in the news, citizens feel more anxiety and aversion, have decreased levels of favorability toward political institutions, and think of political arguments in partisan ways. Overall, I conclude that incivility is not stable. Instead, incivility is a two-dimensional concept that is shaped by the media, perceived by citizens, and advanced by partisans. By recognizing these dimensions of incivility, researchers may find new and important effects of incivility, and people interested in ridding politics of incivility may be more successful by beginning with the recognition that what is uncivil to one person is not always uncivil to another. / text

Previous studies have established that for some people a typical day at work starts with immense feelings of distress, anxiety and irritability caused by workplace bullying. Not only does bullying behaviour in the workplace have a negative impact on a person’s professional life, but it is also detrimental to the effectiveness of the organisation. A survey focussing on the perceived exposure to bullying and victimisation in the workplace was administered to a sample of 159 employees employed by a mine in Mpumalanga. The results uncovered that more than a quarter of the participants reported that they had experienced workplace bullying. The study also discovered that line managers experienced more negative acts than senior managers. While those who only experience a brief spell of bullying behaviour at work survive their experience relatively unscathed, previous studies have also indicated that others are affected in a significant physical and psychological way. In conclusion this study determined that workplace bullying is an actual occurrence, not only internationally but also in South Africa. Employees and employers can therefore only benefit from understanding this unique workplace phenomenon. This article provides the opportunity for employed people to recognise the nature and prevalence of workplace bullying in order to prevent it from becoming a silent epidemic. Researchers generally accept that bullying is behaviour that is aggressive or negative and carried out repeatedly. Previous research established that bullying can occur in any context where people interact. This article open by synthesising a conceptual framework of negative acts as an interactive form of organisational behaviour from the available literature. Empirical research was done in order to investigate the prevalence of negative acts. The study found that more than a quarter of the participants had experienced bullying at some stage during their career with managers and supervisors predominantly reported as the perpetrators. The study also found that behaviour that tends to isolate individuals was generally reported as the most frequently experienced form of negative acts. By understanding workplace bullying both employers will be able to implement influence strategies aimed at dealing with this workplace phenomenon at levels of protection, intervention and dispute resolution. In conclusion it has been established that workplace bullying is not only a real problem in international workplaces, but also in South Africa. This means that employers not only have to cope with the consequences of employees performing badly but also behaving badly. This article presents an opportunity to understand negative behaviour in the workplace. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Orientador: Joyce Mary Adam de Paula e Silva / Banca: Leila Maria Ferreira Salles / Banca: Joaquim Gonçalves Barbosa / Banca: Maria Silvia Pinto de Moura Librandi da Rocha / Banca: Lucia Cavalcante de Albuquerque Willians / Resumo: Cada escola se caracteriza por desenvolver uma personalidade própria, que influencia o comportamento dos que ali trabalham e estudam o que é considerado como clima da organização. O clima da escola tem múltiplas causas, e seus componentes estão interligados. É percebido simultaneamente de forma consciente e inconsciente. A análise de seus efeitos, que também são múltiplos, é fundadora de novas políticas ou estratégias de mudança e interessam diretamente aos gestores escolares. Este estudo de duas escolas, uma no interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil e uma na Comunidade de Madrid, Espanha ressalta as relações existentes entre clima organizacional da escola e a violência escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com estudo de dois casos. O foco central é a percepção que professores e alunos, nos dois países, têm sobre dois aspectos do cotidiano escolar: clima organizacional e violência na escola. Este estudo reveste-se de importância por ser inédito no Brasil, salvo melhor juízo, ao relacionar clima organizacional e violência escolar. Embora diferentes em muitos aspectos, as duas escolas pesquisadas se assemelham no tocante à existência dos atos de incivilidade no seu cotidiano e a preocupação em preveni-los ou minorá-los. O estudo apresenta as estratégias e ações que ambas utilizam para lidar com os conflitos, questão central para análise do clima das mesmas. O estudo utiliza a literatura atual sobre os dois temas, a observação do cotidiano das escolas e sua documentação, respostas aos questionários, e as entrevistas realizadas com diversos atores escolares. / Abstract: Each school is characterized by developing its own personality, which influences the behavior of those who work and study there what is considered climate of the organization. The climate of the school has multiple causes, and their components are interlinked. It is perceived both consciously and unconsciously. The analysis of their effects, which are also multiple, is the founder of new policies or strategies for change and interest directly to the school management. This study of two schools, one in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil and one in Madrid, Spain highlights the relationship between organizational climate of schools and school violence. This is a qualitative research study of two cases. The central focus is the perception that teachers and students in both countries have about two aspects of school life: organizational climate and school violence. This study is of importance because it is unprecedented in Brazil, except better judgment, to relate organizational climate and school violence. Although different in many respects, the two schools studied are similar with regard to the existence of acts of incivility in their daily life and concern to prevent them or to mitigate them. The study presents the strategies and actions that both schools use to deal with conflict, a central issue to the analysis of the climate. The study uses the literature on the two subjects, the observation of everyday life of schools and its documentation, answers to questionnaires and interviews with various school actors. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:41:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lanzoni_sl_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1194509 bytes, checksum: 55ce42b04bc301251466422a0d34b64c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Cada escola se caracteriza por desenvolver uma personalidade própria, que influencia o comportamento dos que ali trabalham e estudam o que é considerado como clima da organização. O clima da escola tem múltiplas causas, e seus componentes estão interligados. É percebido simultaneamente de forma consciente e inconsciente. A análise de seus efeitos, que também são múltiplos, é fundadora de novas políticas ou estratégias de mudança e interessam diretamente aos gestores escolares. Este estudo de duas escolas, uma no interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil e uma na Comunidade de Madrid, Espanha ressalta as relações existentes entre clima organizacional da escola e a violência escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com estudo de dois casos. O foco central é a percepção que professores e alunos, nos dois países, têm sobre dois aspectos do cotidiano escolar: clima organizacional e violência na escola. Este estudo reveste-se de importância por ser inédito no Brasil, salvo melhor juízo, ao relacionar clima organizacional e violência escolar. Embora diferentes em muitos aspectos, as duas escolas pesquisadas se assemelham no tocante à existência dos atos de incivilidade no seu cotidiano e a preocupação em preveni-los ou minorá-los. O estudo apresenta as estratégias e ações que ambas utilizam para lidar com os conflitos, questão central para análise do clima das mesmas. O estudo utiliza a literatura atual sobre os dois temas, a observação do cotidiano das escolas e sua documentação, respostas aos questionários, e as entrevistas realizadas com diversos atores escolares. / Each school is characterized by developing its own personality, which influences the behavior of those who work and study there what is considered climate of the organization. The climate of the school has multiple causes, and their components are interlinked. It is perceived both consciously and unconsciously. The analysis of their effects, which are also multiple, is the founder of new policies or strategies for change and interest directly to the school management. This study of two schools, one in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil and one in Madrid, Spain highlights the relationship between organizational climate of schools and school violence. This is a qualitative research study of two cases. The central focus is the perception that teachers and students in both countries have about two aspects of school life: organizational climate and school violence. This study is of importance because it is unprecedented in Brazil, except better judgment, to relate organizational climate and school violence. Although different in many respects, the two schools studied are similar with regard to the existence of acts of incivility in their daily life and concern to prevent them or to mitigate them. The study presents the strategies and actions that both schools use to deal with conflict, a central issue to the analysis of the climate. The study uses the literature on the two subjects, the observation of everyday life of schools and its documentation, answers to questionnaires and interviews with various school actors.

In the face of competition and competing demands on organizations, employees are taxed to exert more effort with fewer resources. The type of environment can create the recipe for increased levels of occupational stress and an environment of increased workplace incivility.Therefore, it is not surprising that research has begun to look at the interaction between occupational stress and workplace incivility. The current work environment requires employees to exert more effort or face negative consequences from supervisors and peers. All too often, the salary increases, bonus structure, career progression, job security and mobility that might be reasonably expected from producing such extra effort do not align with organizational reality. The vexing situation creates workplace settings in which employees would be more likely to release their frustrations generated by unmet expectations through engaging in uncivil behaviors. Andersson and Pearson (1999) define workplace incivility as a “low-intensity deviant behavior with ambiguous intent to harm the target, in violation of workplace norms for mutual respect” (p. 457). The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the relationship between occupational stress and instigator workplace incivility, as moderated by personality, to select organizational outcomes (i.e., perceived physical health and intent to turnover). Data were collected from 206 fulltime working adults in the healthcare industry utilizing Amazon MTurk. Moderated hierarchical regressions were conducted to test the possible moderating role of personality on the stress-incivility relationship; the results demonstrated partial support for H1-H4. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted also to explore the degree stress and incivility predicted the outcome variables of perceived physical health and intentions to turnover; the data indicated support for the notion that greater stress and incivility positively predicted turnover intent. The findings suggest that personality did play a role in the stress-incivility relationship. Conscientiousness and agreeableness dampened the relationship, while neuroticism and extraversion strengthened the relationship. Further, this study found that intent to turnover increased as workplace incivility also increased, even after controlling for stress. Future research was proposed to test the models examined in this study in different settings, with additional moderators, and longitudinally. The practical findings suggest the possible utility of stress reduction training to reduce the likelihood of uncivil behavior.