The purpose of this thesis is to figure out the significance of the bagpiping tradition in the Czech Republic its potential to be added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. The thesis explains the current laws and ordinances in the area of protection of intangible cultural heritage and its application in the Czech Republic. The paper then explores the history and development of the bagpiping tradition and shows the current presentation in rural culture. Based on this theoretical part it answers the question if the bagpiping tradition has potential to be added to the Representative List or if there are steps that need to be taken first.

The aim of the work is to evaluate to what degree the intangible UNESCO monument of the "Day of the Dead" (Día de Muertos) is indeed a living heritage. In the first chapter, it deals with UNESCO and the institution of intangible heritage and with an overview of the Mexican monuments thereof. The second chapter presents in its three parts analyses the present state of the "Day of the Dead" on the background of its historical development, and it evaluates the current impact of the UNESCO world heritage protection in relation to globalization and commercialization of the holiday. Keywords: Mexico, Day of the Dead, UNESCO, intangible cultural heritage

Há cerca de uma década a noção de Patrimônio Imaterial vem sendo incorporada às políticas de patrimônio dos Estados latinoamericanos, e também no contexto internacional mais amplo, a partir da Convenção para a Salvaguarda do Patrimônio Imaterial (UNESCO, 2003). Nesta dissertação são analisadas as experiências de identificação e registro de bens culturais desta natureza no Brasil e no México, por meio da apreciação de documentos oficiais produzidos no âmbito desta política, os Dossiês de registro realizados no Brasil e o Inventario del Patrimonio Inmaterial mexicano. Considera-se, a partir do histórico das políticas culturais e da relação entre Estado e cultura popular, que este tipo de reconhecimento tem características específicas na América Latina, configurando as potencialidades e desafios da implementação de tal política neste contexto. Partindo desta preocupação e da análise dos documentos mencionados, foram definidos dois eixos temáticos relacionados, que nortearam a comparação entre Brasil e México. O primeiro deles refere-se aos desdobramentos da ampliação da noção de cultura, que caracteriza este tipo de bem cultural, para as políticas de patrimônio destes países. Verifica-se que tal alargamento resulta na incorporação de tensões sociais igualmente amplas no universo de atenção desta área de intervenção estatal. No segundo eixo são privilegiadas questões relativas ao processo de atribuição de valor a estas manifestações, práticas e expressões culturais como patrimônio. Identifica-se a politização deste tipo de reconhecimento, na medida em que tem o sentido de corroborar oficialmente o valor já atribuído a tais bens em seus contextos de produção. Nesse sentido, a partir da documentação oficial são analisados os processos de negociação de critérios e conceitos de valoração, bem como da legitimidade dos sujeitos coletivos, Estado e grupos detentores dos bens culturais, no processo de reconhecimento. / For about one decade the notion of Intangible Cultural Heritage is being incorporated within the cultural heritage policies by the Latin American states, and also in an international context, from the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (UNESCO, 2003). In this thesis the experiences of identification and registry of this category of heritage in Brazil and Mexico are analysed, by means of an appreciation of official documents produced within this policy, the Registry Dossiers (Dossiês de registro) made in Brazil and Mexican Inventory of Intangible Heritage (Inventario del Patrimonio Inmaterial). Based on the history of the cultural policies and the relationship between State and popular culture, it is considered that this kind of acknowledgment has specific characteristics in Latin America, setting the potentialities and challenges of the implementation of such politics in this context. Begining by this concern and the analysis of the mentioned documents, two related thematic axes were defined, which guided the comparison between Brazil and Mexico. The first of them refer to the deployment of the widening of the notion of culture, which characterizes this type of cultural heritage, to the heritage policies of these countries. It is verified that such widening results in the incorporation of social tensions, equally broad, within the universe of concern of this area of state intervention. The second axis privilege questions related to the process of attribution of value to cultural manifestations, practices and expressions as heritage. There has been identified the politization of this kind of acknowledgement, as far as it means to corroborate officially the values previously attributed to such heritage in its production context. In this sense, as of the official documentation an analysis is developed about the process of negociation of criteria and concepts of valuing, as well as the legitimacy of collective beings, State anda other groups of holders of cultural heritage in its recognition process.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-02-23T12:40:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL PERES ROCHA.pdf: 2666227 bytes, checksum: 67c072e8adeede5a11eb0903f76b841d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-23T12:40:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL PERES ROCHA.pdf: 2666227 bytes, checksum: 67c072e8adeede5a11eb0903f76b841d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-08 / This research aims to describe and understand the intangible cultural heritage of the municipality of Itaituba, a city located in the interior of Pará, represented by the festivals of Açaí, Buriti and Pisces Piau and Aracu. It is hoped to collaborate in the strengthening of these patrimony, as well as to understand the historical and cultural construction of the municipality. In dealing with the different knowledge and practices of food preparation, legends, rites and rituals present in these festivals, we seek to obtain subsidies to understand the relationship between the food of the Amazonian peoples and the indigenous culture, as well as the influence of the Northeastern and African cuisine in the Paraense cuisine, and since these have become essential elements to the gastronomic festivals of the Amazon region. Therefore, the study was developed seeking to understand the importance of these festivals for the culture of Itaituba and region as well as its role in preserving and strengthening the identity of the population. The work was based on the qualitative analysis to work with the bibliographic reference, data collected and produced in the field, with the intention of achieving the best results through the interpretation of the information listed in the course of the investigation. It was used the phenomenologicalhermeneutic approach where subject and object are integrated in the world, seeking to rescue the subject and the understanding of things, as a way of approaching the essence of phenomena, for this was carried out the "dense description" of these patrimonies, with the intention to establish a greater understanding of the festivals and the cultural traditions present in them. The foundation was based on concepts related to culture, immaterial cultural heritage, identities, memories, as well as historiographic data of the place studied, which puts it in line with the research line of the Master's Program in History of PUC Goiás, called Identities, Traditions and Territorialities. / A presente pesquisa tem o propósito de descrever e compreender os patrimônios culturas imateriais do município de Itaituba, cidade localizada no interior do Pará, representados pelos festivais, do Açaí, Buriti e dos Peixes Piau e Aracu. Espera-se colaborar no fortalecimento destes patrimônios, assim como entender a construção histórica e cultural do município. Ao tratar dos saberes e fazeres diferenciados de preparação dos alimentos, das lendas, dos ritos e dos rituais presentes nestes festivais procura-se obter subsídios para entender a relação da alimentação dos povos amazônicos com a cultura indígena, assim como a influência da cultura nordestina e africana na culinária paraense e, como essas tornaram-se elementos essenciais aos festivais gastronômicas da região amazônica. Para tanto, o estudo se desenvolveu buscando entender a importância destes festivais para a cultura de Itaituba e região bem como seu papel na preservação e fortalecimento da identidade da população. O trabalho baseou-se na análise qualitativa para trabalhar com o referencial bibliográfico, dados coletados e produzidos em campo, com o intuito de alcançar os melhores resultados através da interpretação das informações arroladas no desenrolar da investigação. Foi utilizada a abordagem fenomenológica– hermenêutica onde sujeito e objeto estão integrados no mundo, buscando resgatar o sujeito e a compreensão das coisas, como forma de aproximar das essências dos fenômenos, para isso foi realizada a “descrição densa” desses patrimônios, com o intuito de estabelecer uma maior compreensão dos festivais e das tradições culturais presentes neles. A fundamentação pautou-se em conceitos relacionados à cultura, patrimônio cultural imaterial, identidades, memórias, além de dados historiográficos do local estudado, o que a coloca em sintonia com a linha de pesquisa do Programa de Mestrado em História da PUC Goiás, denominada de Identidades, Tradições e Territorialidades.

Compared with its roles in pre-modern societies, traditional music, previously called “folklore,” has been playing very different roles in the globalized world. These new roles, however, are rarely articulated in a systematic manner. While most discourse on the contemporary use of traditional music comes from the case studies of ethnomusicologists, the concept of “intangible cultural heritage,” which is usually associated with the initiatives of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) in safeguarding intangible cultural heritage (including traditional music), provides a new perspective to understand the new roles that traditional music plays in the postmodern world. A systematic examination of these roles is crucial, because it allows an in-depth analysis of the hidden power relations behind the contemporary use of traditional music. Furthermore, with the idea of “salvation from disappearing” being more and more problematic in contemporary practice, the project of preserving traditional music cannot be firmly grounded unless its contemporary values are demonstrated. In order to systematically identify and analyze the contemporary use of traditional music, this paper examines the current literature on intangible cultural heritage and the related international initiatives undertaken by the United Nations and its specialized agencies such as UNESCO and UNDP, in combination with the major issues raised by ethnomusicologists regarding the use of traditional music in creative industries. Using two major case studies–Kunqu and HAN Hong’s new Tibetan music–to demonstrate the aesthetic, political, economic and ethical dimensions of the use of traditional music in contemporary society, I argue that there is a fifth dimension, the social dimension, of the value of traditional music in the postmodern condition. The articulation of this social dimension of the contemporary use of traditional music serves to establish its universal relevance and to identify its unique character that makes it a powerful tool to serve as a counter-hegemonic force. / text

La ville d’Hôi An qui s’étend sur 63 km2 possède un patrimoine culturel mondial connu sous l’appellation « d’ancien quartier ». Le territoire de l’ancien quartier s’étend sur 30 ha (soit 0,3 km2) et accueille chaque jour une quantité moyenne de plus de quatre mille visiteurs. Au travers de nos enquêtes de terrain, nous avons remarqué que le soir est le moment où il accueille la plus grande densité de touristes; surtout des touristes domestiques. La reconnaissance officielle du vieux quartier par l’UNESCO lui est bénéfique dansde nombreux domaines comme l’économie, le social et la culture mais lui apporte, aussi, des effets négatifs. Dans ce contexte, la gestion du patrimoine culturel immatériel a-t-elle été orientée par les gestionnaires du tourisme pour devenir un moyen efficace d’étaler les impacts et les bénéfices vers les autres quartiers de la ville pour un développement durable du tourisme culturel? Au travers de nos méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives, nous avons étudié les différences comportementales vis-à-vis de l’usage du patrimoine culturel immatériel tant par les touristes internationaux que parles touristes domestiques. Notre recherche montre finalement que la ville s’intéresse au déploiement des ressources de ce patrimoine afin de générer des produits touristiques durables; cependant elle n’envisage pas encore la génération de produits propres à chaque type de touriste. Notre étude nous indique également qu’il existe, à la fois, convergences et divergences dans l’approche des espaces touristiques de la ville entre les touristes internationaux et ceux domestiques. / The city of Hôi An, which extends over 63 km2, has been known as the “ancient town” with its world cultural heritage". The territory of the ancient town extends over 30 ha (0.3 km2) and has greeted more than four thousand visitors each day. based on our surveys, we have noticed that evening is the time when the town receives the highest number of tourists; especially domestic tourists. The official nomination of Hôi An as the ancient town by UNESCO has brought it benefits in many fields such as economy, social and culture. However, there are several negative effects coming along with the benefits. In this context, it is concerned that whether the intangible cultural heritage has been managed by people in charge to become an effective mean which can help to spread out the effects and the benefits to other parts of the city for the sustainable development of cultural tourism? Through our methods of qualitative and quantitative analyst, we have studied the differences of behaviors in regards to the use of the intangible cultural heritage by both international tourists and domestic tourists. It finally has been shown in our research that the city has been concerned about deploying the resources of this heritage in order to generate sustainable tourist products. However, it still have not been envisaged creating particular products for each trend of tourist. Our study also have indicated that there are convergences as well as divergences in approaching tourist spaces in the city between international tourists and domestic tourists.

Trabalhando nas ruas, praças, parques e jardins públicos das cidades brasileiras ao longo de todo o século XX, o fotógrafo Lambe-Lambe pode ser considerado um importante agente responsável pela democratização e pela popularização do retrato fotográfico entre as classes menos privilegiadas de nossa sociedade, produzindo uma documentação visual que preserva e transmite a memória coletiva de grupos comunitários e familiares. Este trabalho analisa os usos sociais das imagens produzidas por estes profissionais, e reflete sobre o papel social dos fotógrafos Lambe-Lambes, representantes de uma prática profissional que foi registrada como patrimônio cultural imaterial carioca. Nesse sentido, o enfoque de abordagem foi estruturado sobre três vertentes: as inter-relações entre fotografia e memória, as possibilidades de aproximações críticas e epistemológicas entre os retratos de família e as fotografias de Lambe-Lambes, e a atuação do campo antropológico na definição de políticas públicas de preservação e salvaguarda do patrimônio cultural. / Working on the streets, squares, parks and public gardens of Brazilian cities throughout the twentieth century, the photographer Lambe-Lambe can be considered an important agent responsible for democratisation and popularization of portrait photography among the less privileged classes of our society, producing a visual documentation that preserves and transmits the collective memory of family and community groups. This work examines the social uses of the images produced by these professionals, and reflects on the social role of photographers Lambe-Lambes, representatives of a professional practice that was recorded as intangible cultural heritage of the Rio de Janeiro city. In that sense, the focus of approach was structured on three issues: the inter-relationship between photography and memory, the possibilities of criticism and epistemological approaches between the portraits of family and pictures of Lambe-Lambes, and the participation of the anthropological field in the definition of public policies of preservation and safeguarding of cultural heritage.

Trabalhando nas ruas, praças, parques e jardins públicos das cidades brasileiras ao longo de todo o século XX, o fotógrafo Lambe-Lambe pode ser considerado um importante agente responsável pela democratização e pela popularização do retrato fotográfico entre as classes menos privilegiadas de nossa sociedade, produzindo uma documentação visual que preserva e transmite a memória coletiva de grupos comunitários e familiares. Este trabalho analisa os usos sociais das imagens produzidas por estes profissionais, e reflete sobre o papel social dos fotógrafos Lambe-Lambes, representantes de uma prática profissional que foi registrada como patrimônio cultural imaterial carioca. Nesse sentido, o enfoque de abordagem foi estruturado sobre três vertentes: as inter-relações entre fotografia e memória, as possibilidades de aproximações críticas e epistemológicas entre os retratos de família e as fotografias de Lambe-Lambes, e a atuação do campo antropológico na definição de políticas públicas de preservação e salvaguarda do patrimônio cultural. / Working on the streets, squares, parks and public gardens of Brazilian cities throughout the twentieth century, the photographer Lambe-Lambe can be considered an important agent responsible for democratisation and popularization of portrait photography among the less privileged classes of our society, producing a visual documentation that preserves and transmits the collective memory of family and community groups. This work examines the social uses of the images produced by these professionals, and reflects on the social role of photographers Lambe-Lambes, representatives of a professional practice that was recorded as intangible cultural heritage of the Rio de Janeiro city. In that sense, the focus of approach was structured on three issues: the inter-relationship between photography and memory, the possibilities of criticism and epistemological approaches between the portraits of family and pictures of Lambe-Lambes, and the participation of the anthropological field in the definition of public policies of preservation and safeguarding of cultural heritage.

Há cerca de uma década a noção de Patrimônio Imaterial vem sendo incorporada às políticas de patrimônio dos Estados latinoamericanos, e também no contexto internacional mais amplo, a partir da Convenção para a Salvaguarda do Patrimônio Imaterial (UNESCO, 2003). Nesta dissertação são analisadas as experiências de identificação e registro de bens culturais desta natureza no Brasil e no México, por meio da apreciação de documentos oficiais produzidos no âmbito desta política, os Dossiês de registro realizados no Brasil e o Inventario del Patrimonio Inmaterial mexicano. Considera-se, a partir do histórico das políticas culturais e da relação entre Estado e cultura popular, que este tipo de reconhecimento tem características específicas na América Latina, configurando as potencialidades e desafios da implementação de tal política neste contexto. Partindo desta preocupação e da análise dos documentos mencionados, foram definidos dois eixos temáticos relacionados, que nortearam a comparação entre Brasil e México. O primeiro deles refere-se aos desdobramentos da ampliação da noção de cultura, que caracteriza este tipo de bem cultural, para as políticas de patrimônio destes países. Verifica-se que tal alargamento resulta na incorporação de tensões sociais igualmente amplas no universo de atenção desta área de intervenção estatal. No segundo eixo são privilegiadas questões relativas ao processo de atribuição de valor a estas manifestações, práticas e expressões culturais como patrimônio. Identifica-se a politização deste tipo de reconhecimento, na medida em que tem o sentido de corroborar oficialmente o valor já atribuído a tais bens em seus contextos de produção. Nesse sentido, a partir da documentação oficial são analisados os processos de negociação de critérios e conceitos de valoração, bem como da legitimidade dos sujeitos coletivos, Estado e grupos detentores dos bens culturais, no processo de reconhecimento. / For about one decade the notion of Intangible Cultural Heritage is being incorporated within the cultural heritage policies by the Latin American states, and also in an international context, from the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (UNESCO, 2003). In this thesis the experiences of identification and registry of this category of heritage in Brazil and Mexico are analysed, by means of an appreciation of official documents produced within this policy, the Registry Dossiers (Dossiês de registro) made in Brazil and Mexican Inventory of Intangible Heritage (Inventario del Patrimonio Inmaterial). Based on the history of the cultural policies and the relationship between State and popular culture, it is considered that this kind of acknowledgment has specific characteristics in Latin America, setting the potentialities and challenges of the implementation of such politics in this context. Begining by this concern and the analysis of the mentioned documents, two related thematic axes were defined, which guided the comparison between Brazil and Mexico. The first of them refer to the deployment of the widening of the notion of culture, which characterizes this type of cultural heritage, to the heritage policies of these countries. It is verified that such widening results in the incorporation of social tensions, equally broad, within the universe of concern of this area of state intervention. The second axis privilege questions related to the process of attribution of value to cultural manifestations, practices and expressions as heritage. There has been identified the politization of this kind of acknowledgement, as far as it means to corroborate officially the values previously attributed to such heritage in its production context. In this sense, as of the official documentation an analysis is developed about the process of negociation of criteria and concepts of valuing, as well as the legitimacy of collective beings, State anda other groups of holders of cultural heritage in its recognition process.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho consiste na investigaÃÃo de duas manifestaÃÃes culturais que ocorrem no bairro Mucuripe, na cidade de Fortaleza: a festa de SÃo Pedro e os festejos de Nossa Senhora da SaÃde. O que despertou o interesse para esta pesquisa foi o registro da primeira manifestaÃÃo, no ano de 2011, como bem imaterial de Fortaleza, realizado pelo Conselho Municipal de PatrimÃnio HistÃrico e Cultural (COMPHIC). O questionamento surge da forte presenÃa da Santa da SaÃde na construÃÃo do imaginÃrio religioso no bairro Mucuripe, sendo representada pela sua imagem durante a Festa de SÃo Pedro, enquanto anteriormente padroeira da igrejinha homÃnima do santo. Observaremos os regimes imagÃticos das festas, apoiados em Durand, percebendo atà que ponto as imagens produzidas nos festejos influenciam no registro. Dessa forma, verificamos as paisagens festivas construÃdas durante os festejos, salientando a dinÃmica dos regimes diurno e noturno da imagem, observando a relaÃÃo destes com as polÃticas pÃblicas de proteÃÃo do patrimÃnio cultural imaterial. Para realizar esta investigaÃÃo utilizamos o subsÃdio literÃrio de geÃgrafos que discutem as manifestaÃÃes culturais no espaÃo e as paisagens reproduzidas no festejo. Fez-se necessÃrio o apoio de autores da psicologia e antropologia, principalmente. AlÃm disso, foram aplicados cem questionÃrios nas duas manifestaÃÃes observadas, utilizando a abordagem cultural da Geografia para evidenciar a relaÃÃo entre as paisagens festivas reproduzidas com o processo de (nÃo) registro do patrimÃnio cultural imaterial da cidade. Assim, observamos estreitas relaÃÃes entre a paisagem festiva reconstruÃda nos festejos e o processo de registro das manifestaÃÃes enquanto patrimÃnio cultural imaterial municipal. / This work consists in investigating two cultural events that occur in the Mucuripe neighborhood, Fortaleza: The celebration of Sao Pedro and the celebration of Nossa Senhora da SaÃde. What sparked interest for this research was the record in 2011 as official manifest of Fortaleza held by the Conselho Municipal de PatrimÃnio HistÃrico e Cultural (COMPHIC). The questioning arises from the strong presence of Nossa Senhora da SaÃde in the construction of religious imagery in Mucuripe neighborhood, represented by her image during the celebration of SÃo Pedro, as patron of the SÃo Pedro dos Pescadores Churchy. We observed the imagetic regimes of the festivities, supported by Durand, realizing the extent to which the images produced in the festivities influence on the record. Thus, we intend to analyze the festive landscapes built during the festivities, highlighting the dynamics of the day and night imagetic regimes, looking at the relationship of these with public policies for the protection of intangible cultural heritage. To carry out this research, we used bibliography references in the geographic field which discuss the cultural manifestations in space and the scenery reproduced in the celebration. The reference from authors of the Psychology and Anthropology fields had a significant importance to this research, as well as the application of a hundred questionnaires in both manifestations observed, using Geography's cultural approach to evidentiate the relationship between the festive scenery reproduced with the process of non registration of the intangible cultural heritage of the city. We can realize the relationship between the festive landscapes and the public politics about cultural heritage.