O ideal nacionalista esteve, durante um longo período, no centro das preocupações dos intelectuais do século XIX brasileiro. Com a independência do Brasil, tornou-se bastante forte o desejo de criar ou de forjar uma mitologia que sustentasse o surgimento de nossa nação. Embora o Indianismo tenha sido uma grande expressão dessa tendência, o nacionalismo romântico brasileiro também valorizou as tradições populares e do folclore, como forma de reabilitar as diferenças e as particularidades da nação brasileira, numa tentativa de encontrar na cultura do popular o substrato de uma cultura nacional. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é o de mostrar como o folclore brasileiro serviu aos intuitos dos românticos de tentar elaborar uma literatura nacional, que pudesse, de acordo com eles, afirmar, frente à antiga metrópole e à Europa, a singularidade ou a autonomia cultural da então recém-independente nação, de modo a salientar que tal intuito atravessou todo o século XIX, evidenciando-se, inclusive, entre alguns parnasianos, até chegar no século XX, no qual seria (re)significado pelo Modernismo, sobretudo por meio de figura de Mário de Andrade. Ressalte-se que a pesquisa restringe-se a um aspecto do nosso folclore, que é a lenda Iara, delineada em obras de José de Alencar, Gonçalves Dias, Juvenal Galeno, Melo Morais Filho, Machado de Assis, Olegário Mariano, Martins Fontes e Olavo Bilac. / For a long period, the nationalist ideal was the central concern of Brazilian intellectuals of the nineteenth century. Owing to Brazils independence, the necessity of creating a mythology to explain the emergence of our nation became very strong. Although the Indianism has been a great expression of this trend, our Romantic nationalism also considered the popular traditions as an important element to find Brazils national essence and to make its differences and particularities clear. The main aim of this study is to show how Brazilian folklore was used by Romantics, whose intention was to present our cultural autonomy to Europe, particularly to Portugal, by means of a national literature. It is important to emphasise that this intention characterised the authors of the entire nineteenth century, including the Parnassians poets. In the twentieth century, the interest in folklore was continued mainly by Mário de Andrade. It should be noted that the research is restricted to one aspect of our folklore, the legend of Iara, described in works of José de Alencar, Gonçalves Dias, Juvenal Galeno, Melo Morais Filho, Machado de Assis, Olegário Mariano, Martins Fontes and Olavo Bilac.

A análise comparativa da obra de José de Alencar levou-nos a observar a expressiva recorrência de um léxico referente à esfera da serpente. Essa constatação permitiu-nos, através dos estudos das Cartas de Erasmo (1865-1868), O Tronco do Ipê (1871) e Til (1872), aventar a tese de uma forma serpentinal nos escritos do autor cearense. A escolha de tais romances fazendeiros e das epístolas não foi aleatória. O Tronco do Ipê apresenta um dos mais belos desdobramentos da estrutura serpentinal que alicerça a obra do autor, a saber, a lenda da Iara. Til, por sua vez, confere um imenso destaque à serpente, tornando-se ela própria um dos personagens da história. Já as Cartas de Erasmo fornece-nos um arcabouço sociopolítico e econômico subjacente à imagem do ofídio. Para sustentar a nossa ideia, recorremos a teóricos como Paul Ricoeur, Philippe Hamon e Peter Brooks, os quais nos ajudaram a formular uma estética serpentinal. Com base em tais perspectivas, examinamos os elementos estruturais presentes na obra alencariana, detendo-nos na dimensão do eixo paradigmático como a metáfora, a descrição e o melodramático e na dimensão do eixo sintagmático, ao considerar, em especial, a sintaxe frasal e melodiosa. / The comparative analysis of the José de Alencars work led us to verify a large frequency of a lexicon concerning the serpents domain. This observation allowed us to formulate the thesis of a serpentine form in the authors writings, through the studies of Cartas de Erasmo (1865-1868), O Tronco do Ipê (1871) and Til (1872). The choice of such books and epistles is not random. On one hand, O Tronco do Ipê presents one of the most beautiful developments of the serpentine structure that supports the work of the author, which is the legend of Iara. On the other hand, Til attributes an immense relevance to the serpent, once it is one of the personages of the story. Finally, the Cartas de Erasmo provides us with a sociopolitical and economic framework that underlies the image of the snake. In order to confirm our idea, we discussed the theory of researchers as Paul Ricoeur, Philippe Hamon and Peter Brooks, who helped us to think about a serpentine aesthetic. We examined the structural elements in the texts of Alencar, looking carefully to the dimension of the paradigmatic axis such as metaphor, the descriptive and the melodramatic and to the dimension of the syntagmatic axis, especially the phrasal and melodious syntax.

O ideal nacionalista esteve, durante um longo período, no centro das preocupações dos intelectuais do século XIX brasileiro. Com a independência do Brasil, tornou-se bastante forte o desejo de criar ou de forjar uma mitologia que sustentasse o surgimento de nossa nação. Embora o Indianismo tenha sido uma grande expressão dessa tendência, o nacionalismo romântico brasileiro também valorizou as tradições populares e do folclore, como forma de reabilitar as diferenças e as particularidades da nação brasileira, numa tentativa de encontrar na cultura do popular o substrato de uma cultura nacional. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é o de mostrar como o folclore brasileiro serviu aos intuitos dos românticos de tentar elaborar uma literatura nacional, que pudesse, de acordo com eles, afirmar, frente à antiga metrópole e à Europa, a singularidade ou a autonomia cultural da então recém-independente nação, de modo a salientar que tal intuito atravessou todo o século XIX, evidenciando-se, inclusive, entre alguns parnasianos, até chegar no século XX, no qual seria (re)significado pelo Modernismo, sobretudo por meio de figura de Mário de Andrade. Ressalte-se que a pesquisa restringe-se a um aspecto do nosso folclore, que é a lenda Iara, delineada em obras de José de Alencar, Gonçalves Dias, Juvenal Galeno, Melo Morais Filho, Machado de Assis, Olegário Mariano, Martins Fontes e Olavo Bilac. / For a long period, the nationalist ideal was the central concern of Brazilian intellectuals of the nineteenth century. Owing to Brazils independence, the necessity of creating a mythology to explain the emergence of our nation became very strong. Although the Indianism has been a great expression of this trend, our Romantic nationalism also considered the popular traditions as an important element to find Brazils national essence and to make its differences and particularities clear. The main aim of this study is to show how Brazilian folklore was used by Romantics, whose intention was to present our cultural autonomy to Europe, particularly to Portugal, by means of a national literature. It is important to emphasise that this intention characterised the authors of the entire nineteenth century, including the Parnassians poets. In the twentieth century, the interest in folklore was continued mainly by Mário de Andrade. It should be noted that the research is restricted to one aspect of our folklore, the legend of Iara, described in works of José de Alencar, Gonçalves Dias, Juvenal Galeno, Melo Morais Filho, Machado de Assis, Olegário Mariano, Martins Fontes and Olavo Bilac.

The Legend, the Madman, and the Prophet is a memoir about fathers and sons, about the experience of being a son of a man of the Rocky Mountains, a legend grown old. The narrative centers around my struggle with the fact that my father had grown old and sick while I was still young, and my consequent search for other fathers, employing two primary examples—a martial-arts instructor from my high-school years who was later exposed as a pedophile, and the eccentric figure of my ex-girlfriend’s wealthy and traditional Egyptian-American father. The memoir relates the story of my father’s impact on my perception of manhood, my own experience with depression in the wake of his death, and the story of a spiritual search he began in me, which led me from my boyhood Mormonism toward eventual conversion to Islam. This is a story about fathers and sons, about what it means to lose a father, to want a father, and to learn to be a father to myself.

­^¤å´£­n Information industry has made progress rapidly in Mainland China from 80's.This study applies Devlin's (1991) framework and brings up a three dimensional space model which includes "growth type", "growth direction", and "growth mode". We can analyze the change of the information enterprises in Mainland China by way of this model. With respect of case study, We describe and examine Legend Group's development strategy and organization structure by taking advantage of our model. We recognize Legend Group is a type of Related-Constrained enterprise, its growth type includes informal organization structure, functional centralization, and regional decentralization; its growth direction is the development strategy of a backward linkage--Trade, Manufacturing, and R&D; its growth mode is licensing within joint development, and extends multi-type cooperative relationship. At last, we demonstrate the growth of the information firm in Mainland China is a innovation progress of different stages. Moreover, this study reveals the fact the development of the firm must match up external industry environment. Under the circumstance, the firm can evolve its unique growth path and make sustained progress.

Inaug.-diss.--Strassburg. / Lebenslauf. Includes bibliographical references.

This study uses Winston Churchill's "We Shall Fight on the Beaches" speech, delivered to the House of Commons following the evacuation of Dunkirk, France in June 1940, as a source text by which to examine Churchill's use of British cultural narratives in political communication. Narrative and heuristic theories are proposed as means by which listeners process such messages. A number of rhetorical devices are defined, in order to inform a discussion of the narratives identified, particularly the means by which those narratives were rhetorically embedded in the text. After a careful examination of the source text, the narratives of knighthood and chivalric values, as well as King Arthur and the Arthurian legend, specifically as presented in Tennyson's Idylls of the King, were identified as primary cultural narratives from which Churchill draws much meaning. A thorough critical history of each of these narratives is undertaken, revealing sentiments of oath-bound civic duty tracing back to Britain's historical founding as a culture and a nation, following the fall of Rome in the fifth century, and persisting up until Churchill's use of those sentiments in his historic 1940 speech.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera de två huvudkaraktärerna i Marie Lus Legendtrilogi för att undersöka om och i så fall hur deras egenskaper är formade av deras klass- och könstillhörighet, vad som möjliggör eller orsakar deras klassresor samt hur de påverkas av att röra sig mellan olika samhällsklasser. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är att det inte enbart går att analysera en maktordning utan att även ta hänsyn till andra maktordningar. Jag har utgått ifrån Maria Nikolajevas uppställning av stereotypt manliga och kvinnliga egenskaper, Roberta Seelinger Trites teorier om hur makt fungerar både förtryckande och frigörande för subjektet, samt Sanna Lehtonens teorier om normbildning kring klass som identitetskategori. I uppsatsen kommer jag fram till att karaktärernas egenskaper är mer kopplade till deras klass, och mindre till deras kön. Flickan från överklassen sätter större värde på sig själv, medan pojken från underklassen värderar sig själv lägre. Hon har även haft tillgång till utbildning som gjort henne snabb, stark och rationell, medan han inte är lika tränad som hon är och därmed mer känslostyrd. Klassresor möjliggörs av socialt och kulturellt kapital samt trogenhet gentemot landet de lever i. Karaktärerna påverkas av möten med andra klasser på så sätt att de omvärderar synen på sig själva samt förhandlar med den makt de blivit tilldelade.

A análise comparativa da obra de José de Alencar levou-nos a observar a expressiva recorrência de um léxico referente à esfera da serpente. Essa constatação permitiu-nos, através dos estudos das Cartas de Erasmo (1865-1868), O Tronco do Ipê (1871) e Til (1872), aventar a tese de uma forma serpentinal nos escritos do autor cearense. A escolha de tais romances fazendeiros e das epístolas não foi aleatória. O Tronco do Ipê apresenta um dos mais belos desdobramentos da estrutura serpentinal que alicerça a obra do autor, a saber, a lenda da Iara. Til, por sua vez, confere um imenso destaque à serpente, tornando-se ela própria um dos personagens da história. Já as Cartas de Erasmo fornece-nos um arcabouço sociopolítico e econômico subjacente à imagem do ofídio. Para sustentar a nossa ideia, recorremos a teóricos como Paul Ricoeur, Philippe Hamon e Peter Brooks, os quais nos ajudaram a formular uma estética serpentinal. Com base em tais perspectivas, examinamos os elementos estruturais presentes na obra alencariana, detendo-nos na dimensão do eixo paradigmático como a metáfora, a descrição e o melodramático e na dimensão do eixo sintagmático, ao considerar, em especial, a sintaxe frasal e melodiosa. / The comparative analysis of the José de Alencars work led us to verify a large frequency of a lexicon concerning the serpents domain. This observation allowed us to formulate the thesis of a serpentine form in the authors writings, through the studies of Cartas de Erasmo (1865-1868), O Tronco do Ipê (1871) and Til (1872). The choice of such books and epistles is not random. On one hand, O Tronco do Ipê presents one of the most beautiful developments of the serpentine structure that supports the work of the author, which is the legend of Iara. On the other hand, Til attributes an immense relevance to the serpent, once it is one of the personages of the story. Finally, the Cartas de Erasmo provides us with a sociopolitical and economic framework that underlies the image of the snake. In order to confirm our idea, we discussed the theory of researchers as Paul Ricoeur, Philippe Hamon and Peter Brooks, who helped us to think about a serpentine aesthetic. We examined the structural elements in the texts of Alencar, looking carefully to the dimension of the paradigmatic axis such as metaphor, the descriptive and the melodramatic and to the dimension of the syntagmatic axis, especially the phrasal and melodious syntax.

Cruising, a ten million plus passenger, multi-billion dollar, world-wide industry, is one of tourism's fastest growing sectors. With many new ships entering the market each year, ships must capture the public imagination in order to compete. Over the years the ships that have done this have become legends. This study investigates the qualities necessary for a passenger ship to be identified as a legendary ship and asks how companies make their ships stand out as legends. This study proposes that legendary ships, "grand hotels of the sea," are extensions of other hospitality and tourism legends. Using the Grounded Theory Approach, in which the theory emerges from data, notable ships and their properties were identified from the literature. Integration of categories, factors, and their constituent properties under a Constant Comparative Method created a model of the legendary ship. A Delphi Panel tested and confirmed these properties as well as the study's initial model. It also produced a pool of legendary ships and additional properties. The results were further validated by the passenger shipping public using a world-wide electronic survey. Respondents rated intangible properties such as "External Appearance," "Internal Layout," "Quality of Service and Cuisine," "Funnel Design and Shape," "Repeat Passenger Patronage," "Legacy," "History," "Media Attention," "Speed," "Marine Technology," and "Route;" and the tangible properties of "Facilities, Fittings, and Furnishings," "Size," "Speed," "Marine Technology," and "Non Marine Technology," on their importance and named up to ten ships they considered legendary. Factor analysis was used to divide the properties into four composite factors - "Attractiveness," "Significance," "Power," and "Competitive Advantage." Cluster analysis of the ships produced four legend classifications - "Grand Legends," "Legends," "Demi Legends," and "Personal/Local Legends." Results confirmed the thesis that legendary status is based on superiority across a combination of factors. Those with more intangible properties were found to be stronger, with "Attractiveness," and "Significance" being the strongest. Significantly, no modern cruise ships placed in the top three legend classifications; except Queen Mary 2, built, marketed, and viewed as an ocean liner; indicating that the public views ocean liners and cruise ships as distinct entities. / Ph. D.