This study addresses the history of the static holiday caravan site in Britain. Commercial holiday camps, such as Butlin’s and Warner’s, have been seen by many to be the epitome of UK post-war working-class holiday making. But despite some shared characteristics and developmental roots, it is argued that static caravan sites were and are essentially a separate phenomenon, and this study analyses how they quickly became a significant and substantial aspect of post-war domestic tourism. This study also demonstrates that unlike commercial holiday camps, they spawned organically as a result of the agency of the post-war working-class, who were empowered by a growing sense of confidence, assertion and economic security, against the vision of the state-approved holiday camp model. Arising as they did as an affordable and more individualistic alternative (despite strict planning legislation that in its formulation had no concept of their future development), it is shown that static caravan sites continued to develop (with the benefit of key legislation) in a way that was not in many respects typical of other aspects of UK domestic tourism in the second half of the twentieth century, but did reflect wider patterns of working-class consumerism. This study also argues that as a major aspect of domestic tourism, static caravan parks did not follow the well-documented pattern of decline experienced by many domestic resorts and holiday forms, but exhibited a distinct tendency to adapt and change in a way that allowed manufacturers and parks to offer an up-to-date and enticing product in times of economic growth as well as times of recession. This has resulted in the static holiday caravan park becoming a significant aspect of British domestic holiday making.

Le 13 juillet 2001, La Rochelle, ville associée à la candidature de Paris pour l’organisation des Jeux olympiques de 2008, est en effervescence. La population avec à sa tête les élus et responsables du nautisme attendent de connaître le verdict du Comité International Olympique qui permettrait à cette cité portuaire du littoral atlantique français de devenir l’un des centres mondiaux du nautisme. Si Pékin puis Londres en 2012 sont préférées à Paris, et donc par extension à La Rochelle, le fait d’avoir été choisie au niveau national confère déjà à la ville la reconnaissance d’une image de capitale du nautisme. L’objet de cette thèse est donc de saisir par quels moyens La Rochelle, dans un premier temps port de pêche et de commerce, a pu devenir un port de plaisance aux débuts des années 1970 puis en 2015 le plus grand port de plaisance de la façade atlantique française avec une capacité d’accueil de 4 800 bateaux. Après avoir réalisé une analyse théorique approfondie sur les origines de cette pratique hédoniste qu’est la plaisance, une enquête a été menée sur l’essor de ce loisir depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L’analyse de l’histoire de la Société des Régates Rochelaises mais aussi de plusieurs destins apporte un éclairage important sur les raisons de la création d’un tel aménagement dans cette ville. Ainsi, au début des années 1960, la plaisance devient porteuse à La Rochelle d’un nouveau souffle économique pour une ville dont les activités traditionnelles commencent à décliner. Dès lors, des projets d’aménagements ambitieux visant à transformer cette cité maritime en station balnéaire complète voient le jour. A l’échelle de la Charente-Maritime, alors que le littoral faillit être baptisé « Côtes de plaisance », une véritable course à l’aménagement est entreprise. L’outil de développement territorial qu’est le port de plaisance constituait un élément valorisant de la station balnéaire, mais a fini, en devenant tentaculaire, par menacer le tourisme balnéaire. / On July 13th 2001, the city of La Rochelle, involved with Paris in a candidacy for Olympic Games 2008, was seething with excitement. At the head of local population, elected representatives and managers of local yachting activities were waiting for the verdict of the International Olympic Committee, which would turn the small coastal city into a world-class centre of water-based sports. Although Beijing, and later London in 2012 were preferred, the Paris candidacy has awarded La Rochelle an international reputation. This thesis aims to describe how the city, primarily a fishing and trade harbour, hosted a marina in the early 1970’s that eventually became the largest one of the French Atlantic coast, with more than 4800 moorings. Based on theoretical concepts underlying leisure boating activities, a comprehensive study was carried out on documentary data since World War II. Tracing back the history of the local yachting club Société des Régates Rochelaises and the life of renowned sailors shed a new light on the root causes of coastal management in the city. In the early 1960’s, leisure yachting was a fresh boost to declining economic activities. Since then, ambitious projects were planned with the aim of turning La Rochelle into a seaside resort. The race for coastal planning was engaged at the broader scale of the Charente Maritime department, which was almost nicknamed "Leisure coasts". The La Rochelle marina was an important tool of territorial development and a valuable element of the city, but its sprawling growth eventually became a threat to seaside tourism.

This thesis, using the quantitative data, studies the correlations between delinquency of juveniles and free time. In the beginning study focuses on the definition of the core terms such as juveniles, delinquency and free time, as well as presents some of the theories in which the subsequent data analysis is based on (situational theory of Per-Olof H. Wikström, the theory of social bonds of Travis Hirschi, the common theory of criminality of Hirchi and Gottfredson, theory of procedural justice of Tom R. Tyler and the theory of institutional anomie of Steven F. Messner and Richard Rosenfeld). This thesis furthermore presents select surveys on the delinquency of juveniles. The next section contains the methodological basis such as the method of self- reported inquiries and the IRSD 3 research for data analysis. The last chapter of this thesis is reserves for the evaluation of the free-time activities of individuals without family and friends and the difference from other groups, the difference between the delinquency caused by loners and other groups and finally the profile of the loner type based on other criteria such as gender, age, morality and self- control.

This diploma thesis is focused on the support of educational leisure time organizations, which deal with science education, but not in the first place. Within the diploma thesis a literature search for non-formal science education was conducted and seven activities with supporting materials for the purpose to educate the participants of these activities as well as the organizers of them were created. The activities were prepared in such way to respect the fact that their organizer did not typically study science at university. The supporting materials should facilitate the preparation, carrying out and evaluation of the activity. All activities were verified in practice at meetings of the leisure time organization Junák - český skaut, z. s. The purpose of this verification was to find out whether and how the activities could be used in practice. Structured interviews with organizers and observation wre used to receive feedback. The final form of the supporting materials of particular activities is presented in the diploma thesis.

The aim of this study was to describe the meaning of activity amongst women participating in a craft group in South Africa. A qualitative method was used to answer the aim of the study. Ten African women who live in townships outside Pretoria have been interviewed. The interviews were conducted with support by an interview guide containing semi-structured questions. All collected data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed with a qualitative content analysis, which resulted in two main categories each containing two sub-categories; 1) “Internal Values” containing “Taking part in a social activity” and “Gaining self – esteem through activity”, and 2) “External Values” containing “productivity” and “leisure”. The categories within the Internal values contain descriptions from the participants that concern the meaning inside the person when participating in craft activities. The categories within External values contain descriptions that concern factors outside the person that have a meaning to the participants. This study showed that craft was of great importance for the participants in different areas, such as social network and personal development. The meaning of craft in Occupational Therapy needs to be further investigated and it would be interesting to conduct a similar study in Sweden. / Syftet med denna uppsats var att beskriva betydelsen av aktivitet hos en grupp kvinnor som deltar i en hantverksgrupp i Sydafrika. En kvalitativ metod användes för att besvara syftet med studien. Tio afrikanska kvinnor som bor i kåkstäder utanför Pretoria intervjuades. Intervjuerna genomfördes utifrån en utarbetad intervjuguide innehållande semistrukturerade frågor. Det insamlade datamaterialet analyserades utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, som utmynnade i två huvudkategorier med två underkategorier vardera; 1) ”Inre värden” som innehåller ”deltagande i en social aktivitet” och ”ökat självförtroende genom deltagande i aktivitet”, och 2). ”Yttre värden” som innehåller” ”produktivitet” och ”fritidsaktiviteter”. I kategorin Inre värden beskriver deltagarna meningen av att delta i hantverksaktiviteter med ett inifrånperspektiv. Kategorin Yttre värden innehåller beskrivningar som är meningsfulla utanför individen. Den här studien visar att hantverk hade stor betydelse för deltagarna inom flera olika områden som socialt nätverk och personlig utveckling. Betydelsen av hantverk inom arbetsterapi behöver studeras ytterligare och det vore intressant att genomföra en liknande studie i Sverige.

I denna studie har syftet varit att undersöka om oregelbundna arbetstider påverkar fritidsintressen och familjelivet. Med följande frågeställningarna vilka hinder som påverkar fritidsintresset ock familjelivet vid oregelbunden arbetstid samt vilka möjligheter till att hitta balansen mellan arbetet, fritidsintresset och familjelivet trots oregelbunden arbetstid? Studien är kvalitativt uppbyggd med åtta stycken intervjuer. Det resultat som framkom var att vissa av informanterna upplevde även att det inte fanns någon större påverkan på familjelivet och fritidsintressen, medans de andra informanter upplevde en påverkan med en oregelbunden arbetstid på fritidsintresset och familjelivet. / In this study, the purpose has been to investigate how irregular working hours affect leisure and family life. With the following questions what the obstacles affects leisure and family life during irregular working hours and what are the opportunities for finding the balance between work, leisure and family life despite irregular working hours? The study is qualitatively structured with eight interviews. The result showed that some of the informants also felt that there was no major impact on family life and leisure interests, while the other informants experienced an impact on irregular working hours on leisure and family life.

No description available.

The airline product is a standardized product and positioning in today’s highly competitive and constantly changing environment is one of the most important elements in an airline’s marketing strategy. Airlines are constantly trying to apply and implement various marketing positioning strategies in order to achieve success and growth. The overall purpose of this study was to examine the positioning strategies of the four selected Middle Eastern airlines in the South African business and leisure travel environment, based on airline performance in terms of service quality attributes that are perceived as important by passengers. The results of the study will contribute towards the air transport literature by confirming the validity of grouping a large number of service quality attributes and adding value to the role players’ understanding of their particular airlines’ influence and importance of service quality for positioning. The study also addresses the need for reliable information on attributes of service quality that are perceived by South African business and leisure passenger as crucial factors impacting on the selection of their airline. A literature review as well as empirical research was conducted to achieve the purpose of this study: the former provided a demarcation of the broad concepts of service quality and positioning. These concepts were specifically linked to the airline industry, providing a clear indication of the positioning strategies used by the selected airlines as reflected through the media and the airlines’ websites. The literature review also helped to identify the service quality attributes that were important to passengers of different airlines. These attributes were used to determine the positioning of the selected airlines as perceived by their passengers. The positioning of airlines was graphically represented using 3D Centroid plots. The data was analyzed using factor analysis, analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance. Factor analysis was used to group identified attributes of service quality important to passengers of selected Middle Eastern airlines. Analysis of variance was used to test the relationships between variables, while multivariate analysis of variance was used to test the effect of variables on each other. Databases were not available for this study: therefore non-probability sampling methods, namely convenience and quota sampling, were used. A limitation of the study within which the data analysis occurred is that the data collected was not normally distributed. The data had to be transformed and then tested for normality. The transformed data was normally distributed . The results of the research suggest that passengers are mostly concerned with the responsiveness of the airline and reliability of service, followed by consistency in the quality of service, and are less concerned about the added efforts of the airline as its main positioning component. The findings suggest the direction to be taken for the purpose of service improvement. Airlines should focus more on security measures and well-trained employees, as this will give passengers more confidence. Being responsive and prompt and willing to help, with a courteous attitude, should be a priority objective for employees as part of the service culture. The findings also suggest that more resources should be invested in customization, such as loyalty and frequent flyer programmes. The recommendations of this study could be used to improve the current process of service delivery. / Dissertation (MCom(Tourism Management))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Tourism Management / MCom / Unrestricted

By the late-nineteenth-century, cricket had a well-established national narrative. Namely; that the game‘s broadly pre-industrial, rural, and egalitarian culture had been replaced by the 'gentlemanly‘ ethos of amateurism; a culture which encouraged cricket for its own sake and specific norms of 'moral‘ behaviour exemplified by idioms‘ such as 'it‘s not cricket‘. A century later, much of this narrative not only remained intact, it survived unchallenged. However, a regionally specific sub-narrative had emerged in relation to cricket outside of 'first-class‘ Test and County cricket. Cricket in the North was 'Working class‘, 'professional‘, 'commercialised‘, and played within highly 'competitive‘ leagues, while cricket in the South was 'middle-class‘, 'amateur‘, 'non-commercial‘, and played in non-competitive 'friendly‘ fixtures. Whereas cricket in the North has attracted a good deal of academic attention, there remains a paucity of contextualised academic research of cricket in the South. Due to assumed social and cultural similarities, the so-called 'friendly‘ cricket of the South remains subsumed within the national narrative. Whereas we now know a good deal about who played cricket, and why, in the North, we know little, if anything, of those who played cricket, why they did so, and under what circumstances, in the South. This thesis, which focuses on the County of Surrey, thus examines the social and cultural development of 'club‘ cricket in the South for the first time. In order to test the historical assumption that cricket in the South replicated the gentlemanly amateurism inherent to the game‘s national culture and historical discourse, this thesis shall not only examine the origins of these important cultural 'identities‘, but who was playing cricket, and under what social, environmental, economic, and cultural circumstances, in Surrey between 1870 and 1970. In basic terms, it will demonstrate that much of the historiography proves misleading, especially regarding the universality of non-competitive cricket. Moreover, this thesis will also establish that the introduction, implementation, and spread of non-competitive cricket was a class-specific and discriminatory ideology, which had close associations with the middle-classes‘ increasing insecurity and their migration to Surrey. The ideological basis upon which non-competitive cricket was based, was to have fundamentally negative repercussions relating to the game‘s cultural meaning and popularity, and the 're-introduction‘ of competitive league cricket to the South in 1968 may well have saved the sport from a slow and agonising extinction.

In multicultural societies like Canada where cultural diversity always exist, ethnic groups strive to preserve their cultural heritage and not become assimilated by the mainstream culture. Today, ethnic groups such as the Hellenic Community of Ottawa seek innovative means to sustain cultural elements such as ethnic language, religious beliefs, and social, cultural and leisure pursuits. This phenomenological study presents the perspectives of recent administrators of the Hellenic School of Ottawa toward language and cultural maintenance. The results of this study indicate that the Hellenic School of Ottawa is vital and effective for maintaining the Hellenic culture and language beyond the 3rd and 4th generation, as it includes the instruction of Greek language and familiarization with Greek culture. The results also indicate that students of the language school: (1) Are provided with an opportunity to learn Greek which may not be received at home, (2) learn to appreciate their ethnic heritage through language oriented leisure activities, (3) make friendships with those of same ethnic cultural heritage, (4) learn to have a deeper appreciation of multiculturalism and its place in Canadian society, and (5) develop confidence to speak their ethnic language. This study also provides suggestions for the enhancement of the operation of the HSO, such as addition of more Greek-content leisure activities, organization of trips to Greece, and expansion of the instructional time.