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<p> Wireless LAN mesh networks (WMNs) are a cost effective way of deploying wireless LAN (WLAN) coverage over extended areas. As WMNs become more populated, scalability issues may arise due to the co-channel interference which is inherent in publicly available RF (radio frequency) channels. This co-channel interference can severely degrade network capacity and link reliability and may eventually make it impossible to operate with the frequency channels for which the network was originally designed. In this thesis, this problem is addressed by selectively installing supplementary free-space optical (FSO) links when RF link performance has deteriorated. The frequency assignment problem is solved using a heuristic technique based on a genetic algorithm. In order to determine the quality of the results, the proposed algorithm is compared with a lower bound solution obtained using an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation.</p> <p> Another advantage of FSO links is that they may reduce node power consumption compared with conventional RF links. This may be an important consideration in cases where power consumption at the nodes is important, such as in solar powered mesh networks. Power consumption estimates of RF and FSO links are obtained and compared for different data rates. This data is then used along with historical solar insolation data to estimate the solar panel and battery sizes required to guarantee a given node outage probability. The results show that no extra provisioning is required for replacing the deployed wireless nodes with new FSO links.</p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

no / In this paper, a performance analysis of adaptive routing is presented for packet-switched inter-satellite link (ISL)networks, based on shortest path routing and two alternate link routing forwarding policies. The selected routing algorithm and link-cost function are evaluated for a low earth orbit satellite system, using a demographically weighted traffic flow model. Two distinct traffic flow patterns are modelled: hot spot and regional. Performance analysis, in terms of quality of service and quantity of service, is derived using specifically developed simulation software to model the ISL network, taking into account topology adaptive routing only, or topology and traffic adaptive routing.

This paper presents my Masters project Sadness and Repetition. The project is centered around artistic expression and repetitive processes serving a journal-keeping. This process is inspired partly by ancient traditions of prayer beads and partly by modern cultural practices of documenting everyday life through diaries. Drawing from previous work on other people’s feelings of sorrow, this project focuses on my own personal experience of everyday sadness. The journal-keeping consists of handmade steel links, connected into chains, on the one hand, and the deconstruction of a rag rug on the other. The work is framed in a wider context of personal trauma, societal mental health issues as well as female perspective.

Architecture possesses the ability to evoke wonder in the everyday. This thesis and project mark the beginning of the study of an architecture that reveals this poetic dimension of the everyday. In an increasingly standardized world, how can architecture maintain, heighten or instill sense of place? How can the architect make the program architectural? How can architecture truly re-present rather than degrade everyday life? / Master of Architecture

Il est estimé qu'une fracture se produit toutes les trois secondes autour du monde, accompagné par un risque élevé d'invalidité ou même de mortalité. La connaissance des mécanismes de fractures dans une configuration de chargement représentatif d'une chute semble être d'un intérêt majeur pour le développement de méthodes dédiées à la prédiction du risque de fracture. La ténacité est un paramètre approprié lorsqu'on s'intéresse à ces mécanismes de fracture, elle détermine l'énergie nécessaire pour propager une fissure à travers l'architecture du tissu. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer la ténacité de l'os cortical humain, considérant à la fois des conditions chargement quasi-statique et représentatif d'une chute sur sites anatomiques appariés. L'acquisition d'images en micro-tomographie ainsi qu'une mesure des cross-links ont été réalisées afin d'évaluer leur influence sur les mécanismes fracture du tissu. Les résultats ont montré que dans des conditions quasi-statiques, les différents sites anatomiques présentent des propriétés mécaniques différentes : le radius résiste mieux à une propagation de fissure. Dans des conditions de chute, il n'y a plus de différences entre ces sites, mais la ténacité décroit de façon significative par rapport au chargement standard. L'os cortical résiste mieux à une propagation de fissure dans des conditions quasi-statiques. Les analyses structurales et biochimiques ont montré des différences entre les sites anatomiques qui expliquent les différences mécaniques. Les caractéristiques architecturales du tissu sont déterminantes vis-à-vis des mécanismes de fracture dans des conditions quasi-statiques. Mais leur rôle lors d'une chute est moins évident. Ces résultats impliquent que la microstructure de l'os cortical n'est pas un déterminant majeur vis-à-vis du risque de fracture. De futures études doivent être réalisées afin de déterminer les paramètres décisifs dans des conditions représentatives d'une chute / A fracture is estimated every three seconds in the world, leading to an increased risk of impairment or even mortality. The biomechanical knowledge of bone fracture mechanisms in a fall configuration of loading is of great interests for the development of clinical method for the prediction of the risk of fracture. Toughness seems to be a good candidate to investigate this fracture process as it corresponds to the energy needed to propagate a crack through cortical bone complex microstructure. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate human cortical bone toughness parameter under both quasi-static and fall-like loading conditions paired anatomical locations. Micro-computed tomography images using synchrotron radiation and collagen cross-links maturation measurements were performed to investigate the influence of the tissue architecture on crack propagation. Results found showed that under quasi-static condition, the different anatomical locations present different mechanical behavior. Radius significantly better resist crack propagation than the other studied location. Considering a fall-like loading condition, no more difference is observed between the locations but a significant decreased is measured compare to the first configuration. Human cortical bone has a better capacity to resist crack propagation under a standard quasi-static loading condition. By investigating the tissue morphometric and biochemical parameters, we observed different organization from a location to another that explains the mechanical differences. The architectural features appear to be determinant for crack propagation mechanisms under quasi-static condition, but they play a lesser role under fall-like condition. These results imply that the tissue microstructure is not a determinant when dealing with the prediction of the risk of fracture. Further work has to be done to reach out which parameters are more determinants under a specific fall-like loading condition

Den konstanta närvaron och fortsatta tillväxten av sociala medier har resulterat i en mängd utmaningar och desslika möjligheter för företag och hela industrier. Idag är Instagram och bloggar två av de mest framstående sociala medierna där användare, konsumenter, marknadsförare, påverkare och organisationer kan skapa synergier för att utöka både närvaro och bredda sin målgrupp.Syftet med denna studie är att befästa hur marknadsförare kan dra nytta av nya marknadsföringstekniker såsom taggar och länkar som påverkar svenska konsumenter i deras köpprocesser online. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en online-baserad enkät distribuerad till 300 respondenter identifierade genom ett snöbollsurval. Resultaten som har framkommit indikerar att trovärdighet är en viktig komponent i hur konsumenter agerar på nätet och vilka reklambudskap de är benägna att lägga märke till och acceptera. Det har också noterats att taggar och länkar inte nödvändigtvis leder till ett köp, men att taggar och länkar fungerar som mellanhänder som väcker ett intresse bland konsumenterna. Vidare har det fastställts att de konsumenter som faktiskt klickar på en tagg eller länk efter att ha sett dem i större utsträckning faktiskt fullföljer med att göra ett köp, alternativt använder taggen eller länken som en inkörsport för att visa andra produkter på samma webbsida. Slutligen har det framkommit att den största motivationen bakom ett klick på en tagg eller länk är för att fördriva samt ett intresse eller en nyfikenhet kring produkten.Resultaten från denna studie presenteras på engelska och kommer inte agera som en representation av hela Sverige utan snarare som en spegling av existerande attityder inom det berörda urvalet. / The constant presence and continuous growth of social media has resulted in new challenges and opportunities for brands and entire industries. Today, Instagram and blogs are among the most popular and frequently used social media platforms where users, consumers, marketers, influencers, and brands communicate and can join forces to create synergies and expand their presence and widen their targeted audience.The purpose of this study is to establish in which ways marketers can use the new marketing techniques of tags and ad links on Instagram and blogs that affect Swedish consumers in their online purchasing processes. The study was conducted through the distribution of an online self-completion questionnaire to a snowball sample of 300 respondents. The results that have been reached are that trustworthiness connected to the source plays a big role in how consumers decide to act online, and which advertising messages they are likely to seek out and accept. It has also been noted that the occurrence of tags and ad links does not necessarily have to result in a purchase, but that tags and ad links are important intermediaries that catches consumers attention and serves as a gateway. Once the tags and ad links have been noticed there is a great chance that the consumer will follow the link to the specifically linked product and make a purchase, or browse to through other products as a time passing activity, or due to a curiosity or interest in the product.The results of this study are presented in English and will most likely not serve as a representation of the entire Swedish population but more likely as a reflection of the attitudes existing within the concerned sampling frame.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / The Remote Unit (RU) for a decentralised on-board base-band telemetry system is designed for use in launch vehicle missions of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). This new design is a highly improved and miniaturised version of an earlier design. The major design highlights are as follows. Usage of CMOS Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology in place of LS TTL devices, the ability to acquire various types of data like high level single ended or differential analog, bi-level events and two channels of high speed asynchronous serial data from On-Board Computers (OBCs), usage of HMC technology for the reduction of discrete parts etc. The entire system is realised on a single 6 layer MLB and is packaged on a stackable modular frame. This paper discusses the design approach, tools used, simulations carried out, implementation details and the results of detailed qualification tests done on the realised qualification model.

In the present study, muscle growth and flesh quality have been investigated from both commercially farmed Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) (Aga marine AS, Norway)and halibut obtained from small-scale trials at Mørkvedbukta Research Station (Bodø University College, Norway). Morphometric techniques have been utilized to investigate fast muscle growth in halibut ranging from circa 2 g to 100 kg, and it was established that fast muscle fibre recruitment ceases when the fish attain approximately 81 and 177 cm, in the case of males and females, respectively. Different muscle fibre types were distinguished using histochemical (myosin ATPase and succinic dehydrogenase) and immunohistochemical (S-58, an antibody against slow muscle myosin) staining techniques. Females recruit twice as many fast muscle fibres compared to males, which allows them to reach a larger final size. Furthermore, the seasonal growth patterns during a one year production cycle in commercial farmed halibut revealed a winter depression in growth leading to loss of biomass, which was attributed to the maturation of males. Commercial farmed fish of equal size (~1.5 kg) showed sexual dimorphism of fast muscle fibre number, caused by a significantly higher rate of fast muscle fibre recruitment in females. During the winter season fast muscle fibres shrunk significantly, especially in male fish, as a consequence of loss of appetite, low water temperatures and sexual maturation. None of the female fish matured during the trial. Flesh quality of halibut deteriorated during winter and spring, since it had a softer appearance and significantly lower myotomal protein content, particularly in males. Cathepsin activity was measured using spectroscopy and showed a strong negative correlation to protein content, displaying a seasonal variation. The proteolytic depletion of fast muscle proteins affected the water holding capacity of the muscle (determined by centrifugation), which showed concomitant changes with the increase in cathepsin activity and drop in protein content. Despite the soft appearance, the firmness (shear force) of the flesh increased during the winter. The hydroxylysyl pyridinoline cross-link content of the collagen matrix, determined by HPLC, showed a strong correlation to the fillet texture. The increased firmness during the winter, a period of little (female) or negative growth (males), was probably due to an increased cross-linking of the collagen compartment. Partial sequences of IGF-I and IGF-II were cloned from fast muscle of Atlantic halibut, and their relative gene expression levels were determined along with those of cathepsin B, cathepsin D and IGF-IRa in male halibut using qPCR during a fasting and refeeding trial. Transcript levels of cathepsin B and to some extent cathepsin D were significantly higher during fasting than refeeding, suggesting an increased enzyme production during periods of food deprivation. A temporary increase in IGF-I transcripts was observed after 7 days refeeding suggesting that this growth factor is involved in muscle growth control. Both IGF- IRa and IGF-II were down-regulated during refeeding.

[pt] Neste trabalho, desenvolveremos um modelo teórico baseado em extensão do modelo de Misme e Fimbel para a determinação da distribuição cumulativa da atenuação diferencial devida à chuva entre dois enlaces convergentes. Resultados do modelo desenvolvido serão comparados com medidas realizadas na cidade de São Paulo e no Japão. Adicionalmente, apresentaremos previsões do modelo para os efeitos das variações do ângulo entre os enlaces, assim como dos seus comprimentos, sobre a distribuição cumulativa da atenuação diferencial. Em seguida, calcularemos a indisponibilidade do enlace desejado sujeito à interferência de outro enlace convergente, indicando que a consideração da atenuação simultânea nos dois enlaces permite um dimensionamento capaz de utilizar o espectro eletromagnético de forma mais eficiente. / [en] In this work, we will develop a theoretical model based on an extension of the Misme and Fimbel model for the determination of the cumulative distribution of the rain differential attenuation between two converging links. Results from the developed model will be compared with measurements performed in the City of São Paulo and in Japan. Additionally, we will present model predictions for the effects of variations in the angle between the links and in the path lengths on the cumulative distribution of the rain differential attenuation. Next, we will determine the unavailability of a link in the presence of interference from another converging link. It will be indicated that consideration of the possibility of simultaneous attenuation on both links leads to a more efficient use of the electromagnetic spectrum.