<p> <p>The purpose of this thesis was to examine what people who had been interviewed and quoted in a local newspaper feel about being interviewed and what they think of the published article. Our aim was also to make a comparison of “known” sources and “unknown” sources.</p><p>The main issues were: How do the sources of a local newspaper perceive that they are being treated in the actual interview? What do the sources think of the published article in which they are quoted? Do they trust media and journalists in general? Do the opinions differ between those who are used to being interviewed and those who are unfamiliar with the situation?</p><p>This study was carried out through qualitative interviews with respondents who have been quoted in a local newspaper in Jönköping, Jönköpings-Posten. Articles were selected from three days in November. The articles should be based on one or more interviews and had to be large. At least one person should be quoted more than once in the selected article. In total 30 interviews were made.</p><p>The study showed that the sources overall were pleased with the article and the way they were being presented. Nor was there anything to complain about when it came to the journalist’s behaviour. But almost everyone expressed certain scepticism when it came to confidence in media in general. However, most of the persons interviewed had an understanding of the ways that journalists work. We were surprised that the result was so positive and also that the people that were not used to being interviewed were more positive than those who often appear in the local press.</p></p>

The purpose of this thesis was to examine what people who had been interviewed and quoted in a local newspaper feel about being interviewed and what they think of the published article. Our aim was also to make a comparison of “known” sources and “unknown” sources. The main issues were: How do the sources of a local newspaper perceive that they are being treated in the actual interview? What do the sources think of the published article in which they are quoted? Do they trust media and journalists in general? Do the opinions differ between those who are used to being interviewed and those who are unfamiliar with the situation? This study was carried out through qualitative interviews with respondents who have been quoted in a local newspaper in Jönköping, Jönköpings-Posten. Articles were selected from three days in November. The articles should be based on one or more interviews and had to be large. At least one person should be quoted more than once in the selected article. In total 30 interviews were made. The study showed that the sources overall were pleased with the article and the way they were being presented. Nor was there anything to complain about when it came to the journalist’s behaviour. But almost everyone expressed certain scepticism when it came to confidence in media in general. However, most of the persons interviewed had an understanding of the ways that journalists work. We were surprised that the result was so positive and also that the people that were not used to being interviewed were more positive than those who often appear in the local press.

This study focused on how local politicians in Kalmar perceive journalists and their intertwined relationship. We based our study on the theoretical understanding of today’s media-centric democratic society. The ‘adversary model’ offered an understanding of the intricate relations between politicians and journalists. The relationship builds on constant trade where both parties are dependent on each other. Politicians exchange information to gain attention in the media. Journalists needs politicians as important sources of information and have the power to control the exposure that politicians get in the public eye. This study was researched and conducted through qualitative interviews with local politicians. We found that experienced politicians have developed an understanding for journalistic work and that it is important to have a good relationship to reach out to their constituency. This professional relationship has to be kept at arm’s length as it otherwise risks to become too muddled. We learned that politicians are well aware of the need to adapt to media conditions – there were, however, examples of breakdowns in this precarious relationship. The politicians in our study delivered several examples of how media adaptation is managed, e g how press conferences are scheduled according to media deadlines and are held at suitable locations so that photographers can get good pictures. Trust appeared to be the crucial condition for a rewarding relationship. Every politician in our study agreed that it is all a question of trust.

In this study we have investigated how local journalists in Kalmar think when they choose their sources to interview. We have also studied several factors that can affect their choices of sources. We have interviewed eight news journalists from the two largest local news papers Barometern and Östran in Kalmar. The journalists were asked about the sources they often use as interview objects. They were supposed to tell about how they think when choosing sources and define which sources they commonly use. There are different factors that can affect the choices and we have narrowed them down to ethics, source critics, credibility, stress, hard production conditions, public and their own interest and if they consider themselves to be individualistic or controlled by the news desks. Furthermore the journalists were asked to characterize what changes they would make when choosing sources in a perfect world. All of the journalists had not reflected prominently on the subject of sources before our research. But most of them could perceive different views. Hence the study became essential for them as well as us. We found various perspectives very interesting. For instance the interviews showed that the journalists frequently use the same sources on account of the limitation of time and number of sources in Kalmar. There is a lack of using intimidating sources which opinions the journalists do not agree with. The personal network of sources is crucial to the reporter in finding important information and relevant interview objects. The reporters in our research are more individualistic than controlled by the news desks. However the news bosses may affect their choices of sources by telling them which sources are credible and worthy to fit in the news papers. Sometimes they even arrange interviews with sources. The journalists seek within themselves to find out what the readers may be interested in. But captivatingly they cannot know for sure what the public will appreciate to read.

<p>This study focused on how local politicians in Kalmar perceive journalists and their intertwined relationship. We based our study on the theoretical understanding of today’s media-centric democratic society. The ‘adversary model’ offered an understanding of the intricate relations between politicians and journalists. The relationship builds on constant trade where both parties are dependent on each other. Politicians exchange information to gain attention in the media. Journalists needs politicians as important sources of information and have the power to control the exposure that politicians get in the public eye. This study was researched and conducted through qualitative interviews with local politicians.</p><p>We found that experienced politicians have developed an understanding for journalistic work and that it is important to have a good relationship to reach out to their constituency. This professional relationship has to be kept at arm’s length as it otherwise risks to become too muddled. We learned that politicians are well aware of the need to adapt to media conditions – there were, however, examples of breakdowns in this precarious relationship.</p><p>The politicians in our study delivered several examples of how media adaptation is managed, e g how press conferences are scheduled according to media deadlines and are held at suitable locations so that photographers can get good pictures. Trust appeared to be the crucial condition for a rewarding relationship. Every politician in our study agreed that it is all a question of trust.</p>

Submitted by Nayara Kobori null (nayara.kobori@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-29T13:03:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KOBORIN_DissertacaoComunicacao2017.pdf: 5097807 bytes, checksum: 3c70b30c4fa183f1913d7a3cada5347d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2017-11-29T15:04:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 kobori_n_me_bauru.pdf: 5097807 bytes, checksum: 3c70b30c4fa183f1913d7a3cada5347d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-29T15:04:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 kobori_n_me_bauru.pdf: 5097807 bytes, checksum: 3c70b30c4fa183f1913d7a3cada5347d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-20 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A pesquisa “A voz da Igreja no Diário de Notícias: Ribeirão Preto - 1961-1967” tem como proposta realizar um levantamento dos editoriais escritos no “Diário de Notícias” (DN), durante os anos de 1960 e, assim, perceber as relações entre História, Comunicação, Jornalismo, Política e Sociedade. O foco principal está nos anos de 1963, 1964 e 1965 (embora os anos de 1966 e 1967 também tenham sido considerados), recorte escolhido por significar a passagem do governo democrático, para o regime autoritário imposto pelo golpe civil-militar. O jornal era mantido pela Arquidiocese da Igreja Católica de Ribeirão Preto e, por esse motivo, também foi necessário nos debruçarmos em estudos sobre a imprensa católica, Religião e Comunicação e, por fim, o jornalismo regional. As nossas considerações caminham para ressaltar as particularidades de um órgão católico regional, que fincou posicionamentos polêmicos em um conturbado período da História brasileira. Com isso, contribui para o debate do jornalismo do interior, imprensa católica, política e sociedade. Como ferramenta metodológica, utilizamos da Hermenêutica em Profundidade (HP) e, dessa forma, pudemos empreender um estudo ideológico sobre o meio de comunicação e perceber quais as intencionalidades por trás do texto escrito e produzir as inferências iniciais. / The research "The Voice of the Church in the Newspaper: Ribeirão Preto - 1961-1967" has as its proposal to carry out a survey of the editorials written in the "Diário de Notícias" (DN) during the 1960s and, thus, to understand the relations Between History, Communication, Journalism, Politics and Society. The main focus is in the years 1963, 1964 and 1965, a cut chosen to signify the passage from democratic government to the authoritarian regime imposed by the civilmilitary coup. The newspaper was maintained by the Archdiocese of the Catholic Church of Ribeirão Preto and, for that reason, we also had to study Catholic press, Religion and Communication, and finally, regional journalism. Our considerations go on to highlight the particularities of a regional Catholic body, which has placed controversial positions in a troubled period of Brazilian history. With this, it contributes to the debate of journalism in the interior, the Catholic press, politics and society. As a methodological tool, we use Hermeneutics in Depth (HD), in this way, we could undertake an ideological study about the medium of communication and realize the intentionalities behind the written text and produce the initial inferences. / FAPESP: 15/12364-2

This thesis examines how local journalists in Uppsala would like to work with news reporting, based on their journalistic roles. To answer this main research question, the paper follows three more particular sub-questions: How do local journalists in Uppsala view their current journalistic role? What journalistic role would the journalists like to fulfill?  What do the journalists think about the future of local journalism? The chosen method of this exploration is qualitative interviews, with six journalists working at two different editorial offices in Uppsala. By drawing from the theoretic framework by Thomas Hanitzsch and his suggestions on journalistic roles, the paper found that the populist disseminator role is the most apparent among Uppsala’s journalists, in terms of the normative dimension. However, for practical reasons they often have to prioritize the entertainment factor, which is more in line with the accommodative role. In terms of their own preferences, most of the journalists express a deep wish for more investigative journalism in their work. In other words, their cognitive role is more in line with the detached watchdog. Despite current problems, all interviewed journalists are hopeful about the future of local journalism, believing people today need it more than ever before. They also suggest that the Covid-19 pandemic strengthened local journalism, reminding people of its necessity. Overall, this thesis gives an insight into the current situation for local journalists and provides both solutions to the challenges as well as reasons for its highly important place in society.

The work is based on the increasing absence of local journalism, that continue to grow in rural areas and in suburbs to large cities. The consequences are so-called white spots or news desserts, areas with weak or with out any journalistic presence at all. Disappearing advertising revenues and attempts to get readers to become paying subscribers, in order to survive as a local newspaper, place limits on both time and resources.  The difficulty of reaching out to young adults in age 25 - 39 with local journalism, grows and news agencies are working hard to find a solution. The lack of time and resources make it difficult for journalists to address schools. Children’s insight into their parents’ media habits are also disappearing as the newspaper moving into digital platforms. Today’s children and youths are therefore in risk of growing up without relation to the local media. This project put focus on the children. The work contains a process that has led to a concept, that aims to create a strong and early relationship with local media. The project resulted in an application for children, where they have the opportunity to enter the role of a journalist, to create, choose and assemble their own news together with friends. The start of the activity will take place within the school. Where the student learns about source criticism, press ethics, editing, the journalist’s responsibility and what distinguishes journalism from other communication. The learning element runs parallel to a playful approach to increase the student’s motivation and engagement. The concept aims at a collaboration between local media and students. / Arbetet grundar sig i den ökande frånvaron av lokal journalistik, som vi ser växa fram på landsbygd och i förorter till storstäder. Konsekvenserna blir så kallade vita fläckar, områden med svag eller helt utan journalistisk närvaro. Försvinnande annonsintäkter och försöken till att få läsarna att bli betalande prenumeranter, för att överleva som lokal tidning, sätter begränsningar på såväl tid som resurser. Att nå ut till unga vuxna ålder: 25-39 med lokal journalistik, är en problematik som växer sig allt större och nyhetsbyråerna arbetar febrilt för att finna en lösning. Lite tid och bristande resurser gör det svårt för journalister att hinna ut till skolor och barns insyn i föräldrarnas medievanor är liten då papperstidningen flyttat in i mobilen. Dagens barn och ungdomar riskerar därför att växa upp helt utan eller med en mycket svag anknytning till lokala medier och dess varumärke. Det här projektet fokuserar på barnen. Arbetet innehåller en process som lett fram till ett koncept, som syftar på att skapa en stark och tidig relation till lokala medier. Projektet resulterade i en applikation för barn, där de har möjligheten att gå in i rollen som journalist för att skapa, välja ut och färdigställa sina egna nyheter tillsammans med vänner. Aktivitetens startpunkt kommer ske inom skolan, där eleven lär sig om källkritik, pressetik, redaktörskap, journalistens ansvar och vad som skiljer journalistik från övrig kommunikation. Lärandemoment löper parallellt med lekfullhet som ska öka elevens motivation och engagemang. Konceptet syftar på att vara ett samarbete mellan lokala medier och elever.

Public memory of "the Asylum" in contemporary American culture is communicated through a host of popular forms, including horror-themed entertainment such as haunted attractions. Such representations have drawn criticism from disability advocates on the basis that they perpetuate stereotypes and inaccurately represent the history of deinstitutionalization in the United States. In 2010, when Pennhurst State School and Hospital, a closed Pennsylvania institution that housed people understood as developmentally/intellectually disabled, was reused as a haunted attraction called "Pennhurst Asylum," it sparked a public debate and became an occasion for storytelling about what Pennhurst meant to the surrounding community. I apply theoretical perspectives from memory studies and disability studies to the case of "Pennhurst Asylum" in order to understand what is at stake when we remember institutional spaces such as Pennhurst. More specifically, this case study uses narrative analysis of news stories and reader letters, ethnographic observation at the haunted attraction, interviews with key storymakers, and historical/cultural contextualization to examine why this memory matters to disability advocates, former institutional residents and employees, journalists, and other community members. The narrative patterns I identify have ramifications for contemporary disability politics, the role of public communication in the formation of community memory, and scholarly debates over how to approach popular representations of historical trauma. I find that Pennhurst memory fits within contemporary patterns in the narrative, visual, and physical reuse of institutional spaces in the United States, which include redevelopment, memorialization, digital and crowd-sourced memory, amateur photography, Hollywood films, paranormal cable television shows, and tourism. Further, this reuse of institutional spaces has been an occasion for local journalists to take on the role of public historian in the absence of other available authorities. In this case study, the local newspaper (The Mercury) became a space where processes of commemoration could unfold through narrative--and, it created a record of this process that could inform future public history projects on institutionalization in the United States. In the terms of cultural geographer Kenneth Foote (1997), disability advocates attempted to achieve "sanctification" of the Pennhurst property by telling the story of its closure as a symbol of social progress that led to the community-based living movement. Paradoxically, since this version of the Pennhurst story relied on a narrow characterization of Pennhurst as a site of horrific abuse and neglect, it had this in common with the legend perpetuated by the haunted attraction. In contrast, other community members shared memories that showed Pennhurst had long been a symbol of the community's goodwill, service, and genuine caring. In short, public memory of Pennhurst in 2010 was controversial, in part, because the institution's closing in 1987 had itself been controversial. Many still believed it should never have been closed and were thus resistant to the idea of sanctifying its story as an example for future change. When the State abandoned the Pennhurst campus, it left an authority vacuum at a site about which there was still as much public curiosity as there had been when it first opened in 1908. Indeed, this easily claimed authority is part of what "Pennhurst Asylum" is selling. Its mix of fact and fiction offers visitors the pleasure of uncertainty and active detective work--something usually missing at traditional historic sites. Visitors get to touch a mostly unspecified, but nonetheless "real" past mediated by an abundance of historical and contemporary public communication that all attach an aura to Pennhurst as a place where horrific events happened. Rather than suggesting historical amnesia, the strategic fictionalizations made to create the Pennhurst legend show exactly what is remembered about "the Asylum." The legend distances the story away from American history and sets it in a deeper past beyond most living memory. From my observation at the haunted attraction, it appears that the problem isn't that the American public has forgotten "the Asylum"; it may be that we remember too well. Overall, the relationship between institutions and their communities is one of intractable complicity, ensuring that the public memory of "the Asylum" will continue to be deeply fraught. News archives show that for decades local newspapers reported on adverse events at Pennhurst including fire, disease outbreak, accidental death, violence, criminal activity, and a series of State and Federal probes into mismanagement and abuse. This is especially significant because the power structures that allowed the institution to function remain mostly intact. Indeed, the "Pennhurst Asylum" relies not only on our previous knowledge of Pennhurst and the mythic figure of "the Asylum;" it also relies on our fear of medical authority, bodily difference, and most of all, our collective vulnerability to the social mechanisms that continue to define and separate the "normal" and the "abnormal." Even among disability advocates, the act of remembering threatens to recreate the hierarchy of the institution. Some of the same people who had authority at Pennhurst continue to have the authority to tell its story today. Finally, the usefulness of the ghost story as a memory genre reflects both rapid change and surprising stagnation in the role of institutionalization in the United States. / Media & Communication

Esta tese se interessa por compreender como os conglomerados midiáticos regionais participam da territorialização do capital, no interior do Brasil, e como tais organizações racionalizam o trabalho no processo produtivo. Para tanto, foi realizado o estudo de dois conglomerados regionais, sendo um detentor de outorga de tv comercial e outro de tv educativa, localizados na cidade de Divinópolis, na região Centro-oeste de Minas Gerais. Como método de pesquisa, foram realizadas \"escavações\" de dados sobre os conglomerados e seus grupos políticos e econômicos, para conhecer seu território de atuação. A fim de compreender o processo de racionalização do trabalho, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com trabalhadores locais que trabalharam nas duas tvs ligadas aos conglomerados. Concluímos que os meios de comunicação são meios de produção que cumprem papel de agentes discursivos e econômicos. No processo de territorialização dos conglomerados, vários preceitos constitucionais e regulamentações da comunicação são desrespeitados, por meio de manobras jurídicas dos grupos. Os trabalhadores participam da territorialização do capital no exercício de sua atividade e ao ressignificarem os valores neoliberais da cultura organizacional dos grupos de mídia. No processo produtivo, não há diferenças entre os conteúdos produzidos entre tv comercial e tv educativa. Ambas se orientam pelo padrão estético produtivo do Grupo Globo. O jornalismo local não faz investigação e a lógica comercial dos grupos participa do produto jornalístico ofertado na região. A concentração de mídias de ambos conglomerados é um instrumento de monopólio da fala que isola o município, impede vozes contestadoras, bloqueia o desenvolvimento do mercado local da comunicação e participa da precarização do trabalho. As articulações políticas e econômicas dos grupos mantêm o sistema de reciprocidade do coronelismo eletrônico, pelo qual há trocas de favores entre radiodifusores e representantes políticos. / This thesis is interested in understanding how the regional media conglomerates participate in the territorialization of capital, in territories far from the main Brazilian urban centers, and how these organizations rationalize the work in the productive process. For this, two regional conglomerates were investigated: one, holder of concession of commercial TV and another, of educational TV, in Divinópolis, Center-west of Minas Gerais. As a research method, data \"excavations\" were carried out on the conglomerates and their political and economic groups, in order to know their territory of action. In order to understand the work rationalization process, semi-structured interviews were conducted with TV workers. We conclude that the media are means of production that fulfill the role of discursive and economic agents. In the process of territorialization of the conglomerates, several constitutional precepts and regulations of the communication are disrespected, by legal maneuvers of the groups. The workers participate in the territorialization of capital in the exercise of their activity and in re-signifying the neoliberal values in the organizational culture of the media groups. In the productive process, there are no differences between the contents produced between commercial TV and educational TV. Both are guided by the productive aesthetic standard of Grupo Globo, the main Brazilian communication group. Local journalism does not do research and the commercial logic of the groups participates in the journalistic product offered in the region. The media concentration of both conglomerates is an instrument to prevent discordant discourses, which isolates the municipality, blocks the development of the local communication market and fosters poor working conditions. The political and economic articulations of the groups maintain the system of reciprocity of the phenomenon called electronic \"coronelismo\", for which there are exchanges of favors between broadcasters and political representatives.