Esta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo a definição dos fatores determinantes para o sucesso na Gestão da Manutenção, buscando identificar e explorar seus elementos estratégicos, bem como estabelecer uma estrutura lógica de implementação desses fatores e de elaboração de planos diretores de manutenção na indústria. Para atingir os objetivos, foi empregada a técnica de grupos focados e realizadas as seguintes etapas: i) identificação dos fatores determinantes do sucesso da gestão da manutenção; ii) definição da estrutura para elaboração do plano diretor da manutenção; iii) definição do conjunto de indicadores chaves para o controle do desempenho das atividades de manutenção e iv) aplicação da estrutura proposta na definição do plano diretor de manutenção da planta industrial de Carajás da Empresa Vale para o triênio 2014 – 2016. Como resultados, o estudo determinou 13 fatores de sucesso para a Gestão da Manutenção, entre eles estão: Sistemas Computadorizados de Administração da Manutenção, Sistema de Planejamento e Controle da Manutenção e Sistema de Custeio da Manutenção. Baseado nesses fatores, foi determinada uma estrutura para a construção e revisão anual de planos diretores de manutenção. A utilização desse novo modelo na planta industrial de Carajás possibilitou estimar os seguintes ganhos: i) redução em 20% da taxa de acidentes pessoais; ii) elevação das disponibilidades físicas das plantas com potencial de faturamento líquido de R$ 299,1 milhões; e iii) redução no orçamento da manutenção em 13,3%, o que representa uma redução de custos na ordem R$ 18,63 milhões. / This thesis aims to define the factors for success in Maintenance Management by seeking to identify and explore its strategic elements, as well as establish a logical structure to implement these factors and determine directive maintenance plans in the industry. To achieve the objectives, focus groups were utilized and performed the following steps: i) identification of the determinant factors of successful maintenance management, ii) definition of a framework for preparing the directive maintenance plan, iii) definition of key indicators to track the performance of maintenance activities and iv) application of the proposed structure in the industrial plant Carajás, of Vale Company, for the period of 2014-2016. As a result, the study found 13 success factors for Maintenance Management, among them are: Computerized Maintenance Management System, System of Maintenance Planning and Control and Maintenance Costing System. Based on these factors, a framework was developed for the construction and annual review of directive maintenance plans. Using this new model in the industrial plant Carajás resulted in the following estimated gains: i) a 20% reduction in the rate of injury, ii) an increase in the availability of physical plants with potential net revenues of R$ 299,1 million, and iii) a reduction in the maintenance budget by 13,3% which represents a decrease of U.S. $ 18,63 million in costs.

This research was concerned with investigating “the absence of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)” at a plastic painting plant. TPM is a combination of operations and maintenance activities and is performed by operators under their own authority and is called “autonomous maintenances”. The author has tested the degree of implementation of TPM by using a sevenstep TPM implementation model this highlighted an absence of TPM in the organisation investigated. TPM is a relatively new concept in the South African automotive industry and has not been fully accepted by management as a solution to the maintenance problems in the organisation. Due to a long implementation period and the difficulty in measuring the benefits of the TPM program for the organisation TPM tends not to be implemented by companies. The research studies several maintenance philosophies each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The benefits that arise from the implementation of an effective TPM philosophy were explored. The development of an effective improved model for the implementation of TPM was investigated. Maintenance engineers and managers in any organisation can use this model to implement an effective TPM program. The seven-step TPM implementation model formed the basis for the compilation of a questionnaire. A survey was conducted to determine if an absence of TPM existed in a plastic painting plant. The results from the survey were drawn up and recommendations to further develop a model for the implementation of TPM was put forward.

Esta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo a definição dos fatores determinantes para o sucesso na Gestão da Manutenção, buscando identificar e explorar seus elementos estratégicos, bem como estabelecer uma estrutura lógica de implementação desses fatores e de elaboração de planos diretores de manutenção na indústria. Para atingir os objetivos, foi empregada a técnica de grupos focados e realizadas as seguintes etapas: i) identificação dos fatores determinantes do sucesso da gestão da manutenção; ii) definição da estrutura para elaboração do plano diretor da manutenção; iii) definição do conjunto de indicadores chaves para o controle do desempenho das atividades de manutenção e iv) aplicação da estrutura proposta na definição do plano diretor de manutenção da planta industrial de Carajás da Empresa Vale para o triênio 2014 – 2016. Como resultados, o estudo determinou 13 fatores de sucesso para a Gestão da Manutenção, entre eles estão: Sistemas Computadorizados de Administração da Manutenção, Sistema de Planejamento e Controle da Manutenção e Sistema de Custeio da Manutenção. Baseado nesses fatores, foi determinada uma estrutura para a construção e revisão anual de planos diretores de manutenção. A utilização desse novo modelo na planta industrial de Carajás possibilitou estimar os seguintes ganhos: i) redução em 20% da taxa de acidentes pessoais; ii) elevação das disponibilidades físicas das plantas com potencial de faturamento líquido de R$ 299,1 milhões; e iii) redução no orçamento da manutenção em 13,3%, o que representa uma redução de custos na ordem R$ 18,63 milhões. / This thesis aims to define the factors for success in Maintenance Management by seeking to identify and explore its strategic elements, as well as establish a logical structure to implement these factors and determine directive maintenance plans in the industry. To achieve the objectives, focus groups were utilized and performed the following steps: i) identification of the determinant factors of successful maintenance management, ii) definition of a framework for preparing the directive maintenance plan, iii) definition of key indicators to track the performance of maintenance activities and iv) application of the proposed structure in the industrial plant Carajás, of Vale Company, for the period of 2014-2016. As a result, the study found 13 success factors for Maintenance Management, among them are: Computerized Maintenance Management System, System of Maintenance Planning and Control and Maintenance Costing System. Based on these factors, a framework was developed for the construction and annual review of directive maintenance plans. Using this new model in the industrial plant Carajás resulted in the following estimated gains: i) a 20% reduction in the rate of injury, ii) an increase in the availability of physical plants with potential net revenues of R$ 299,1 million, and iii) a reduction in the maintenance budget by 13,3% which represents a decrease of U.S. $ 18,63 million in costs.

The purpose of this study is to provide recommendations to further develop and improvements of models which can be applied to IT governance models for system maintenance. The work investigates gaps in the implementation and using phase of the model pm3 and also models which are inspired in pm3. The aim of the present paper is to answer the research questions which are related to (1) which critical success factors that have an impact on the governance of system maintenance management and also for the model pm3 and (2) how maintenance management models can further be developed and improved. This qualitative study is a case study in which a questionnaire and interview in two steps have been completed. The sample of respondents have been made with a specific purpose that reflects the selected qualities and relevance of the study and also with a geographical distribution. The study resulted in a number of critical success factors for the model pm3 where some of these can be considered as general for all maintenance management models. The results shows the need of a maintenance management model that is designed for the agile working method and suitable for all types and sizes of organisations. It is an area where maintenance management models and pm3  need to develop within. / Syftet med denna studie är att kunna ge rekommendationer till utveckling och förbättringar av modeller som kan tillämpas vid IT-styrning av modeller för systemförvaltning. Arbetet undersöker brister i införandet och användandet av modellen pm3 samt modeller som är inspirerade av pm3. Studiens mål är att besvara frågeställningarna som behandlar (1) vilka kritiska framgångsfaktorer som har en påverkan för styrning av systemförvaltning samt för modellen pm3 och (2) hur förvaltningsstyrningsmodeller och pm3 kan utvecklas och förbättras. Den kvalitativa studien är en fallstudie där en enkätundersökning och två olika intervjusteg har utförts. Urvalet av respondenter har gjorts med ett specifikt syfte som speglar de utvaldas kvaliteter och relevans för studien samt med en geografisk spridning. Studien resulterade i en mängd kritiska framgångsfaktorer för modellen pm3 där en del av dessa kan anses som generella för alla förvaltningsstyrningsmodeller. Resultatet påvisar även behovet av en förvaltningsstyrningsmodell som är anpassad för det agila arbetssättet samt behovet av en modell anpassad för olika storlekar av organisationer. Vilket är ett område som förvaltningsstyrningsmodeller och pm3 bör utvecklas inom.

The management of equipment based on Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) has been widely applied with great success in several industries such as military, commodity production, civil airliners, nuclear power plant and the petroleum industry since the reprint of RCM-II written by John Moubray in 1997.The application of RCM not only increases the reliability of the equipment and the assets of a company but also promotes the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), which includes the excellent ok yield to order and the better productivity of the equipment. As a methodology, RCM differs from the traditional equipment maintenance in the aspect of emphasis of maintaining the ¡§function¡¨ of the equipment instead of the equipment itself. Therefore, the need of equipment maintenance results from the speed and the severity of function loss, which determines the strategy and interval of equipment maintenance. This is the major difference between RCM and time based maintenance (TBM). This article discusses the critical success factors that drive the application of RCM in steel plant. The result reveals that the application of RCM could promote the reliability of equipment, cut the cost of maintenance and increase compatibility of the steel plant. In order to facilitates the implementation of RCM in the steel mill, the basic skills of the management includes the construction of vision¡Bconsensus¡Bthe set up of regulation and the cultivation of innovating culture. so as to build an effective managing teamwork features in strong execution. As for the equipment management both the standardization and the strict deviation of equipment function(6£m) are vital to sustain the excellent equipment reliability. The Integration of Maintenance Management System(IMMS) consists of three components, CMMS(Computerized Maintenance Management System) and RTMS(Real Time Monitoring System) link by RCM. RCM acts as a bridge for the information flow of maintenance management in the IMMS and promotes the effectiveness of maintenance management.

In today’s industry, where manufacturing is fast and efficient, uptime for manufacturing machines plays a key role for companies to stay relevant with their competitors. Although manufacturing equipment today is very advanced and sometimes automated, they may still run into problems and wear out. By maintaining and servicing the equipment well, one can avoid unexpected equipment failure and unnecessary downtime. Keeping track and documenting maintenance can play a crucial role in how efficiently a manufacturer can produce their product. Maintenance management software exists on the market today, but they are large and expensive. As Saab, a manufacturer of highly advanced military technology, does not have a well-established system for managing their maintenance, there is a need for an evaluation and development of a customised option. In this thesis, the maintenance needs for Saab’s operations were analysed, and options for developing maintenance software that fits these needs were investigated. The result was a web application hosted on a Python-based web server, which uses MongoDB as a database to store data in an object-oriented manner, allowing flexibility within the system. The application is not fully developed but provides an overall picture of how a smaller software could serve the same purpose as the larger ones. After evaluating the developed application alongside the existing maintenance software, it is concluded that with further development, the application could serve the same function and be a competitive contender alongside the larger software. However, the safer and more reliable option for Saab would be to instead implement one of the existing software solutions. / I dagens industri, där tillverkning är snabb och effektiv, spelar drifttid för tillverkningsmaskiner en nyckelroll för att företag ska kunna hålla sig relevanta gentemot sina konkurrenter. Trots att tillverkningsutrustning idag är mycket avancerad och ibland automatiserad, kan de fortfarande stöta på problem och slitas ut. Genom att underhålla och serva utrustningen på rätt sätt kan man undvika oväntade maskinhaverier och onödig driftstopp. Att ha kontroll och dokumentera underhåll kan spela en avgörande roll för hur effektivt en tillverkare kan producera sin produkt. Underhållshanteringssystem finns på marknaden idag, men de är stora och dyra. Eftersom Saab, tillverkare av högteknologisk militärteknik, inte har ett väletablerat system för hur de hanterar sitt underhåll, finns det ett behov av en utvärdering och utveckling av ett anpassat alternativ. I denna avhandling analyserades underhållsbehoven för Saabs verksamhet, och alternativ för hur en underhållsprogramvara kunde utvecklas för att passa dessa behov undersöktes. Resultatet blev en webbapplikation som är värd på en Python-baserad webbserver och använder MongoDB som en databas för att lagra data på ett objektorienterat sätt, vilket ger flexibilitet inom systemet. Applikationen är inte fullt utvecklad men ger en övergripande bild av hur en mindre programvara kan tjäna samma syfte som de större. När den utvecklade applikationen utvärderas i förhållande till den befintliga underhållsprogramvaran dras slutsatsen att applikationen, med ytterligare utveckling, skulle kunna fylla samma funktion och vara en konkurrenskraftig utmanare till de större programvarorna. Dock skulle det säkrare och mer pålitliga alternativet för Saab vara att istället implementera en av de befintliga programvarorna.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Physical asset management has been given very little consideration in the commercial property industry in South Africa and abroad. In the production environment, especially where fast moving consumer goods are concerned, slight improvements in production equipment performance can bring about large savings and increased profits. In the commercial property environment however, a physical asset management strategy and all the components which constitute such a system, are not yet very well developed and are usually seen to be an unnecessary financial expenditure. A change of thinking has been confirmed by this study and can be seen in the way in which physical asset management and methodologies have already largely been accepted in the international municipal infrastructure environment, including buildings and structures. A desire to remain competitive and reduce unnecessary losses, together with a new focus on environmental concerns and legislative factors, appears to be the catalyst for such a shift in thinking. Punitive legislation, such as the electrical consumption controls for buildings in South Africa, likely to be introduced soon, will also help to steer commercial property owners and managers towards a more strategic view on how they manage their physical assets. An important component of this research report was to determine whether performance measures are being used to measure the effectiveness of the physical assets and strategy in terms of the commercial property industry. In the context of this study however, very few such measures could be found, besides some financial measures. As a more strategic physical asset management approach is adopted, performance measures for all aspects of facility and asset performance will become necessary and therefore more common place. "When you measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it ... otherwise your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in thought advanced to the stage of science." - Lord Kelvin (1824- 1907). / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit wil voorkom asof fisiese batebestuur in Suid Afrika en oorsee min aandag geniet in die kommersiele eiendoms bestuursmark. In die produksie omgewing, veral waar vinnig bewegende gebruiksgoedere betrokke is, kan klein verheteringe in die werking van produksie toerusting daartoe lei dat groot besparings en gevolglik verbeterde winsopbrengs behaal kan word. In die eiendoms bestuursmark is fisiese batebestuur strategie en die gepaardgaande komponente nag nie volledig ontwikkel nie en word dit gewoonlik beskou as 'n onnodige finansiele koste. Daar is egter alreeds 'n verandering in denke, $005 gesien kan word deur die baie fisiese batebestuur made lie wat alreeds aanvaar is deur die internasionale munisipaliteit en infrastruktuur marke, wat geboue en structure insluit. 'n Strewe om voortdurend kompeterend te bly en om onnodige vermorsing uit te sny, tesame met 'n nuwe fokus op omgewingsake asook om aan wetlike vereistes te voldoen, blyk om die katalisator te wees vir hierdie verandering in denkswyse en dit sal gevolglik oak veroorsaak dat kommersieHe eiendomseienaars 'n meer strategiese benadering gaan toe pas in terme van die bestuur van hulle fisiese bates. 'n Belangrike deel van die verslag was om te bepaal watter aanwysers en maatstawwe om die doeltreffendheid van die fisiese bates en strategie in terme van kommersieHe eiendom te meet, gebruik word. In die konteks van hierdie verslag kon daar min bewyse van maatstawwe gevind word, behalwe vir finansiele maatstawwe. As 'n meer strategiese benadering tot fisiese batebestuur aanvaar word, sal aanwysers en maatstawwe vir al die komponente van fasiliteit en fiesiese batebestuur belangrik wees en daarvolgens oak meer algemeen word in die industrie. "When you measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it ... otherwise your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in thought advanced to the stage of science." - Lord Kelvin (1824-1907).

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vad den horisontella kommunikationen har för roll inom systemförvaltning, och att undersöka vad en effektiv sådan har för påverkan på förvaltningsarbete. Då systemförvaltning är kostsamt är det viktigt för organisationer att det sker effektivt. Effektiviteten i organisationers arbete påverkas av kommunikationen och för att uppnå en effektiv kommunikation krävs en förståelse för horisontell kommunikation. Men inom styrning av systemförvaltning ligger inte fokus på kommunikation. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Förvaltningsledningar på en organisation vars förvaltningsarbete styrs av förvaltningsmodellen pm3 studerades. Uppsatsens resultat visar på att en horisontell kommunikation utspelar sig inom förvaltningsarbete, det krävs en kommunikation mellan vissa arbetsroller. Den horisontella kommunikationen har också en betydande roll, då den kan hjälpa till att upprätta enhetliga arbetssätt. Resultatet visar dock att den horisontella kommunikationens funktion inte alltid utnyttjas till fullo. När den inte är effektiv kan det bidra till duplicerat arbete, förlorad och utelämnad information, samt att medarbetares kunskap förbises. Allt detta påverkar i slutändan arbetets produktivitet. Uppsatsens resultat visar att desto effektivare den horisontella kommunikationen är inom förvaltningsarbete, desto effektivare blir arbetet. / The purpose of this thesis is to examine what role lateral communication within the work in software maintenance has, and to examine how an effective lateral communication influences the maintenance work. Software maintenance is costly, therefore it is important for organizations that it is efficient. Organization’s efficiency is influenced by their communication. To attain an effective communication there needs to exist an understanding for lateral communication. Within the guiding of software maintenance there is a lack of regard to the importance of communication. The thesis was conducted using qualitative research. The research is based on semi-structured interviews with solution managers at an organization that has their software maintenance guided by the swedish maintenance management model pm3. The result of this study shows that a lateral communication occurs within the work with software maintenance, communication is required between certain roles. Lateral communication also has a significant role since it can help to uniform the work. However, the results show that the potential of lateral communication is not always used to its full extent. When it is not effective it can result in duplicated work, lost and excluded information, and coworkers’ knowledge can be overlooked. In the end the productivity of the work is affected. The study shows that the more effective the lateral communication is within the work in software maintenance, the more effective the work will become.

<p>Electrical production in Sweden today is mainly from nuclear and hydro power. However, there is large increase in renewable energy like wind power and the installed new capacity goals are large. Several electrical production sources are important for the sustainability of the energy system. Maintenance is an approach for keeping a system sustainable. The importance of structured maintenance for reliable electrical production systems triggers the development of qualitative and quantitative maintenance management methods. Examples of these methods are Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) which is a structured qualitative approach that focuses on reliability when planning maintenance, and Reliability Centered Asset Management (RCAM) which is a development of RCM into a quantitative approach with the aim to relate preventive maintenance to total maintenance cost and system reliability.</p><p>This thesis presents models, as applications of RCAM, based on the methods of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and mathematical optimization, applied to wind and nuclear power plants. Both deterministic and stochastic approaches have been used and the proposed models are based on the <em>Total Cost</em> model, which summarizes costs for maintenance and production loss, and the <em>Aircraft </em>model, which is an opportunistic maintenance optimization model. Opportunistic maintenance is preventive maintenance performed at opportunities. The wind power applications in this study show on different ways to cover costs of condition monitoring systems (CMS) and further on economic benefits of these when uncertainties of times to failure are included in the model. The nuclear power applications show on that the optimization model is dependent on the discount rate and that a high discount rate gives more motivation for opportunistic replacements. When put into a stochastic framework and compared to other maintenance strategies it is shown that an extended opportunistic maintenance optimization model has a good overall performance, and that it, for high values of the constant cost of performing maintenance, is preferable to perform opportunistic maintenance. The proposed models, applied to wind and nuclear power plants, could be extended and adapted to fit other components and systems.</p> / Reliability and cost centered maintenance methods

A gestão da manutenção de uma edificação tem influência direta em seu desempenho, ou seja, em sua duração, seus impactos e seu consumo de recursos como água e energia. O planejamento, a facilidade e demanda de execução dos serviços de manutenção, assim como a transparência para os usuários das necessidades, prazos e procedimentos de manutenção são de fundamental importância para a qualidade e sustentabilidade dos edifícios. O processo de gestão da manutenção de uma edificação tem início ainda nas etapas iniciais de projeto do empreendimento, quando tomadas de decisões que considerem fatores de manutenção fornecem subsídios para elaboração de projetos da manutenção mais eficazes e de menor impacto social, ambiental e econômico, tem continuidade durante a etapa de construção quando se deve primar pela qualidade e continua durante a etapa de operação, uso e manutenção. Particularmente em empreendimentos de habitação de interesse social, a geração de subsídios, a consideração de fatores de manutenção, o planejamento da manutenção, da maneira como operacionalizá-la, são fatores determinantes para conservação de edificações, além de contribuir com a luta contra o déficit habitacional, buscando empreendimentos de melhor qualidade, com maiores graus de manutenibilidade e conseqüentemente tarifas condominiais e consumo de recursos reduzidos. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo contribuir com o processo de gestão da manutenção, a partir de um levantamento feito através do ponto de vista das empresas administradoras de empreendimentos PAR do estado de São Paulo, abordando o tratamento dispensado à manutenção a partir da fase de uso e operação, identificando requisitos para elaboração de diretrizes que contribuam com a operacionalização da manutenção. / A building maintenance management has direct influence on its performance, ie, its duration, its impacts and its resources consumption as water and energy. The planning, execution ease and demand of maintenance services as well as transparency of needs, deadlines and maintenance procedures for the users are essential to the quality and sustainability of buildings. The process of a building maintenance management begins in the early stages of a building design, when making decisions considering maintenance aspects provides subsides for more effective designs with less social, environmental and economic impacts. This process continues during the construction stage when it is necessary to strive for quality, maintaining this line of reasoning during the operation, use and maintenance phase. Particularly in housing projects, generating subsides, considering maintenance factors, maintenance planning and the means to operate it are determining factors for building maintenance, thus it contributes to combating the housing shortage seeking buildings of better quality, with greater degrees of maintainability and condominium prices and therefore reduced resource consumption. Thus, this research aims to contribute to the maintenance management process, starting from a survey done by the point of view of companies that manage PAR housing projects of the state of São Paulo, addressing the treatment given to the operation, use and maintenance phase, identifying requirements for guidelines developing to contribute to the maintenance operation and management.