The widely-used passenger and car ferries, sailing regularly and carrying heavy loads, form a unique type of marine vessel, providing vital transportation links to the coastal regions. Modern ferry ships usually are equipped with multiple diesel engines as prime movers. These diesel engines consume a large amount of marine diesel fuel with high fuel costs, and high emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) and other harmful air pollutants, including CO2, HC, NOx, SO2, CO, and PM. To reduce fuel costs and the harmful emissions, the marine industry and ferry service providers have been seeking clean ship propulsion solutions. In this work, the model-based design (MBD) and optimization methodology for developing advanced electrified vehicles (EV) are applied to the modelling, design and control optimizations of clean marine vessels with a hybrid electric propulsion system. The research focuses on the design and optimization of the hybrid electric ship propulsion system and uses an open deck passenger and car ferry, the MV Tachek, operated by the British Columbia Ferry Services Inc. Canada, as a test case. At present, the ferry runs on the Quadra Island – Cortes Island route in British Columbia, Canada, with dynamically changing ocean conditions in different seasons over a year. The research first introduces the ship operation profile, using statistical ferry operation data collected from the ferry’s voyage data recorder and a data acquisition system that is specially designed and installed in this research. The ship operation profile model with ship power demand, travelling velocity and sailing route then serves as the design and control requirements of the hybrid electric marine propulsion system. The development of optimal power control and energy management strategies and the optimization of the powertrain architecture and key powertrain component sizes of the ship propulsion system are then carried out. Both of the series and parallel hybrid electric propulsion architectures have been studied. The sizes of crucial powertrain components, including the diesel engine and battery energy storage system (ESS), are optimized to achieve the best system energy efficiency. The optimal power control and energy management strategies are optimized using dynamic programming (DP) over a complete ferry sailing trip. The predicted energy efficiency and emission reduction improvements of the proposed new ship with the optimized hybrid propulsion system are compared with those of two benchmark vessels to demonstrate the benefits of the new design methodology and the optimized hybrid electric ship propulsion system design. These two benchmarks include a conventional ferry with the old diesel-mechanical propulsion system, and the Power Take In (PTI) hybrid electric propulsion systems installed on the MV Tachek at present. The simulation results using the integrated ship propulsion system model showed that the newly proposed hybrid electric ship could have 17.41% fuel saving over the conventional diesel-mechanical ship, and 22.98% fuel saving over the present MV Tachek. The proposed optimized hybrid electric propulsion system, combining the advantages of diesel-electric, pure electric, and mechanical propulsions, presented considerably improved energy efficiency and emissions reduction. The research forms the foundation for future hybrid electric ferry design and development. / Graduate

Für eine konsistente Rechtevergabe in betrieblichen Anwendungssystemen ist die Einbeziehung umfassender intra- und interorganisationeller Strukturen unabdingbar. Die Kernproblematik aktueller Ansätze beruht auf der inkonsistenten Zuweisung von Aufgabenträgern bei der Rechtevergabe. Die Problematik fällt speziell bei aufbauorganisatorischen Änderungen, wie der Einstellung, der Versetzung und dem Ausscheiden von Aufgabenträgern in Unternehmen, ins Gewicht. Das Resultat der inkonsistenten Rechtevergabe ist die Verletzung von (Sicherheits-)Richtlinien in den Unternehmen. Der Neuheitswert der Arbeit basiert vorrangig auf der Entwicklung eines aufbauorganisatorischen Metamodells und einer korrespondierenden deklarativen Anfragesprache. Diese Komposition ermöglicht die konsistente Rechtevergabe und damit einhergehend die Einhaltung der (Sicherheits-)Richtlinien in den betrieblichen Anwendungssystemen. Des Weiteren wird der Wartungsaufwand in den betrieblichen Anwendungssystemen bei den erwähnten aufbauorganisatorischen Änderungen reduziert.

This PhD thesis deals with employment of the state of the art methods of mathematical optimization and structural analysis in the field of load carrying steel structures of handling devices. The goal of the thesis is to compile a methodology which enables generating of optimal dimensions of conceptually designed load carrying parts of handling devices. The proposed methodology is composed of sub-methods which are successively applied to find an optimal configuration of structure according to a chosen criterion. The methodology incorporates sub-methods such as Design of Experiments, parametric finite-element modelling, the state of the art computational methods for stability assessment, mathematical approximation methods and state of the art optimization schemes based of both, heuristic and gradient principle. Recommendations from Eurocode 3 are used to introduce imperfections to the finite element model in order to perform the nonlinear buckling analysis. The practical part of this thesis is focused on optimization of welded beams. The principle of the methodology is in detail explained and demonstrated on an example of lifting spreader beam of load carrying capacity of 20 tons. The proposed methodology is practically realized by an algorithm created in Matlab software. Matlab is also utilized to implement some sub-methods including mathematical optimization schemes. Both, gradient and heuristic optimization algorithms are used for comparison and mutual verification. Structural analysis is performed by means of parametrical finite-element models which are built in the Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL). The methodology takes into account buckling, which is inherent to thin walled structures under compressive load. The buckling analysis is performed by means of both, linear and non-linear procedures in Ansys. The output of the algorithm is an optimized configuration of the structure, which minimizes the objective function and complies with all requirements implemented in the form of design constraints.

No description available.

Kotlin is a relatively new language that has received much attention since its first stable release in February 2016. Despite the fast growth of the language, there is a lack of libraries to provide an intuitive, typed abstract syntax tree (AST). Recognizing the utility of user-friendly ASTs with support for various analysis and transformation tasks, we make a first contribution towards bringing one for Kotlin with KtSpoon. Kotlin’s interoperability capabilities with Java enables exploitation of Java’s mature echo system and we propose the use of the Spoon library with its Java metamodel as a base for a model of Kotlin. We show the feasibility of this approach with KtSpoon, which is implemented through small additions to the Spoon metamodel. It consists of a tree builder that outputs a Spoon AST from Kotlin source code and a pretty-printer that prints it back to source code. Through an empirical study, we find out that KtSpoon accurately can represent the full Kotlin language. We conclude that while it is possible to model the Kotlin language with small modifications to the Spoon metamodel, it will likely require a partial reimplementation for it to be an intuitive model for developers. / Kotlin är ett relativt nytt språk som har fått mycket uppmärksamhet sedan dess första stabila version släpptes i Februari 2016. Trots att språket vuxit snabbt så saknar det fortfarande ett bibliotek som tillhandahåller ett intuitivt och typat abstrakt syntaxträd (AST). Nyttan av användarvänliga abstrakta syntaxträd motiverar oss att ta ett första steg mot att skapa ett sådant för Kotlin med KtSpoon. Kotlins interoperabilitet med Java möjliggör nyttjandet av Javas omfattande ekosystem och vi föreslår därför användandet av biblioteket Spoon och dess metamodell av Java som grund för en modell av Kotlin. Genom skapandet av KtSpoon visar vi att det är möjligt att modellera kod skriven i Kotlin med små tillägg i Spoons metamodell. KtSpoon består av en trädbyggare som skapar ett AST från källkod skriven i Kotlin samt en skrivare som skriver tillbaka det till källkod. Genom en empirisk studie finner vi att det är möjligt att modellera hela språket Kotlin med små förändringar av Spoons metamodell, men att det sannolikt krävs en ny implementation av modellen för att den ska vara intuitiv för utvecklare att använda sig av.

This research addresses problems in designing analog and mixed-signal (AMS) systems by bridging the gap between system-level and circuit-level simulation by making simulations fast like system-level and accurate like circuit-level. The tools proposed include metamodel integrated Verilog-AMS based design exploration flows. The research involves design centering, metamodel generation flows for creating efficient behavioral models, and Verilog-AMS integration techniques for model realization. The core of the proposed solution is transistor-level and layout-level metamodeling and their incorporation in Verilog-AMS. Metamodeling is used to construct efficient and layout-accurate surrogate models for AMS system building blocks. Verilog-AMS, an AMS hardware description language, is employed to build surrogate model implementations that can be simulated with industrial standard simulators. The case-study circuits and systems include an operational amplifier (OP-AMP), a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a charge-pump phase-locked loop (PLL), and a continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (DSM). The minimum and maximum error rates of the proposed OP-AMP model are 0.11 % and 2.86 %, respectively. The error rates for the PLL lock time and power estimation are 0.7 % and 3.0 %, respectively. The OP-AMP optimization using the proposed approach is ~17000× faster than the transistor-level model based approach. The optimization achieves a ~4× power reduction for the OP-AMP design. The PLL parasitic-aware optimization achieves a 10× speedup and a 147 µW power reduction. Thus the experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

Ce travail de thèse propose une méthodologie multi-échelle basée sur l'utilisation de modèles de substitution fonction de variables aléatoires, pour évaluer la fiabilité résiduelle d'ouvrages en béton atteints de réaction alcali-granulat (RAG), dans l'optique d'une meilleure maintenance. Les modèles de substitution, basés sur des développements en chaos de polynômes des paramètres d'une fonction de forme (sigmoïde dans les cas traités), ont été constitués à plusieurs échelles, afin notamment de réduire les temps de calculs des modèles physiques sous-jacents. A l'échelle microscopique, le modèle de RAG employé est celui développé par Multon, Sellier et Cyr en 2009, comprenant initialement une vingtaine de variables aléatoires potentielles. A l'issue d'une analyse de sensibilité de Morris, le modèle de substitution permet de reproduire la courbe de gonflement dans le temps du volume élémentaire représentatif en fonction de neuf variables aléatoires. L'utilisation du modèle de substitution construit, pour la prédiction des effets mécaniques du gonflement dû à la RAG sur une éprouvette, a nécessité de prendre en compte l'anisotropie de ces effets en améliorant les fonctions poids proposées par Saouma et Perotti en 2006. L'échelle de l'éprouvette étant validée par la confrontation des prédictions aux données expérimentales des travaux de thèse de Multon, une application à l'échelle du barrage de Song Loulou a été entreprise. Le calcul du comportement thermo-chemo-mécanique d'une pile d'évacuateur de crues, dont les résultats en déplacements ont pu être confrontés aux données d'auscultation fournies par l'entreprise AES-SONEL (devenue ENEO), a été réalisé. Des modèles de substitution ont été construits ensuite à l'échelle de la structure afin d'obtenir les déplacements aux points d'intérêt, liés aux états limites de fonctionnement des évacuateurs, et procéder ainsi à l'estimation de la fiabilité résiduelle du barrage. Les calculs d'analyse de sensibilité et la construction des modèles de substitution ont été implémentés en Fortran, Java et OpenTURNS Les calculs sur éprouvette et pile de barrage ont été effectués sous Cast3M. / This work proposes a multi-scale methodology based on the use of surrogate models function of random variables, to evaluate the residual reliability of concrete structures suffering from alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR), for a better maintenance purpose. Surrogate models, based on polynomial chaos expansion of the parameters of a shape function (sigmoid in the studied cases), have been constituted at several scales, in particular in order to reduce computation time of the underlying physical models. At the microscopic scale, the AAR model employed is that developed by Multon, Sellier and Cyr in 2009, initially comprising about twenty potential random variables. At the end of a Morris sensitivity analysis, the surrogate model enables to reproduce the expansion curve over time of the representative elementary volume as a function of nine random variables. The use of the built-in surrogate model in predicting the mechanical effects of AAR expansion on a concrete core required to take into account the anisotropy of these effects by improving the weight functions proposed by Saouma and Perotti in 2006. The core's scale being validated by the comparison of the predictions with the experimental data of Multon's thesis work, an application at the scale of the Song Loulou dam was undertaken. The computation of the thermo-chemo-mechanical behavior of a spillway stack, whose results in displacement could be compared with the auscultation data provided by the company AES-SONEL (now ENEO), was realized. Surrogate models were then constructed at the scale of the structure to obtain displacements at the points of interest, related to the operating limit states of the spillways, and thus to estimate the residual reliability of the dam. The sensitivity analysis computations as well as the construction of the surrogate models were implemented in Fortran, Java and OpenTURNS. Computations on concrete cores and Song Loulou dam spillway were performed under Cast3M.

Die Anwendung von Methodiken und Technologien aus dem Bereich der Softwaretechnik auf den Bereich der Umweltmodellierung ist eine gemeinhin akzeptierte Vorgehensweise. Im Rahmen der "modellgetriebenen Entwicklung"(MDE, model-driven engineering) werden Technologien entwickelt, die darauf abzielen, Softwaresysteme vorwiegend auf Basis von im Vergleich zu Programmquelltexten relativ abstrakten Modellen zu entwickeln. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil von MDE sind Techniken zur effizienten Entwicklung von "domänenspezifischen Sprachen"( DSL, domain-specific language), die auf Sprachmetamodellen beruhen. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, wie modellgetriebene Entwicklung, und insbesondere die metamodellbasierte Beschreibung von DSLs, darüber hinaus Aspekte der Pragmatik unterstützen kann, deren Relevanz im erkenntnistheoretischen und kognitiven Hintergrund wissenschaftlichen Forschens begründet wird. Hierzu wird vor dem Hintergrund der Erkenntnisse des "modellbasierten Forschens"(model-based science und model-based reasoning) gezeigt, wie insbesondere durch Metamodelle beschriebene DSLs Möglichkeiten bieten, entsprechende pragmatische Aspekte besonders zu berücksichtigen, indem sie als Werkzeug zur Erkenntnisgewinnung aufgefasst werden. Dies ist v.a. im Kontext großer Unsicherheiten, wie sie für weite Teile der Umweltmodellierung charakterisierend sind, von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung. Die Formulierung eines sprachzentrierten Ansatzes (LCA, language-centered approach) für die Werkzeugunterstützung konkretisiert die genannten Aspekte und bildet die Basis für eine beispielhafte Implementierung eines Werkzeuges mit einer DSL für die Beschreibung von Zellulären Automaten (ZA) für die Umweltmodellierung. Anwendungsfälle belegen die Verwendbarkeit von ECAL und der entsprechenden metamodellbasierten Werkzeugimplementierung. / The application of methods and technologies of software engineering to environmental modeling and simulation (EMS) is common, since both areas share basic issues of software development and digital simulation. Recent developments within the context of "Model-driven Engineering" (MDE) aim at supporting the development of software systems at the base of relatively abstract models as opposed to programming language code. A basic ingredient of MDE is the development of methods that allow the efficient development of "domain-specific languages" (DSL), in particular at the base of language metamodels. This thesis shows how MDE and language metamodeling in particular, may support pragmatic aspects that reflect epistemic and cognitive aspects of scientific investigations. For this, DSLs and language metamodeling in particular are set into the context of "model-based science" and "model-based reasoning". It is shown that the specific properties of metamodel-based DSLs may be used to support those properties, in particular transparency, which are of particular relevance against the background of uncertainty, that is a characterizing property of EMS. The findings are the base for the formulation of an corresponding specific metamodel- based approach for the provision of modeling tools for EMS (Language-centered Approach, LCA), which has been implemented (modeling tool ECA-EMS), including a new DSL for CA modeling for EMS (ECAL). At the base of this implementation, the applicability of this approach is shown.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-28T12:29:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vivian Teresinha Pedó da Silva_.pdf: 3694100 bytes, checksum: ce6e15fc4bf10c3f2a81dfbdb083b1b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-28T12:29:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vivian Teresinha Pedó da Silva_.pdf: 3694100 bytes, checksum: ce6e15fc4bf10c3f2a81dfbdb083b1b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-16 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / A presente tese descreve e analisa os discursos que constituem os currículos de formação de professores, problematizando o campo da Educação Especial como locus de formação de professor para surdos. Para tanto, analisa sete currículos de cursos de formação de professores, desenvolvidos entre os anos de 1962 e 2009 na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (RS). Utiliza como ferramenta teórico-metodológica o conceito de discurso, inspirada nos estudos foucaultianos em educação. A partir da pesquisa, foi possível constatar três grandes ênfases discursivas nos currículos de formação de professores analisados; são elas: do campo da saúde (início em 1962), da Pedagogia (início em 1973) e da Educação Especial (início em 1984). Em cada ênfase, é possível observar a recorrência de discursos sobre a deficiência e diferença/diversidade. Destaca-se, a partir de 2004, a forte presença dos discursos da diversidade e da inclusão. Conclui-se que os discursos da diversidade, articulados aos da Educação Especial, são condição de possibilidade para a existência da diferença/identidade surda nos cursos de Educação Especial em Santa Maria. Também se conclui que o currículo em vigor iniciado em 2004, comparativamente aos outros currículos, evidencia uma ampliação dos discursos pedagógicos, a diminuição dos discursos das deficiências e a ampliação dos discursos da surdez como diferença. A tese defendida é que os currículos, ao modificarem-se para serem atualizados, contemplam a diversidade e não a diferença surda. Pesquisadores e profissionais da indústria reconhecem a importância do desenvolvimento de sistemas cientes de contexto, visto que tais sistemas cada vez mais fazem parte da vida cotidiana das pessoas. Para projetar, comunicar decisões de projeto e representar os aspectos estruturais e comportamentais destes sistemas, os desenvolvedores comumente utilizam a Linguagem de Modelagem Unificada (UML), a qual é amplamente reconhecida como linguagem padrão de modelagem de software. Porém, dada a crescente diversidade de técnicas de modelagem e a incapacidade da UML em representar os conceitos de sistemas cientes de contexto, é particularmente desafiante para os desenvolvedores objetivamente projetar e comunicar decisões de projetos de tais sistemas. Consequentemente, os desenvolvedores geralmente não dispõem de ferramentas que facilitem a representação de contexto de uma forma adequada, ao passo que propõem notações para contornar o problema, agravando ainda mais o problema da heterogeneidade das técnicas de modelagem atuais. O problema central é que a UML é imprecisa para representar o conceito de contexto e rígida para incorporar novos conceitos. Outro problema é que as ferramentas acadêmicas e comerciais de modelagem atuais - incluindo IBM RSA, Astah, Borland Together - não dão suporte à representação e à validação de modelos de contexto. Este trabalho, portanto, propõe uma extensão da UML para modelagem de contexto, a qual visa não só permitir a representação e validação dos principais aspectos de contexto, como também potencializar uma melhor comunicação de decisões de projeto de sistemas cientes de contexto. Também é proposto um ambiente de modelagem específico de domínio para tornar possível a modelagem de sistemas cientes de contexto, o qual foi implementado como um plug­in da plataforma Eclipse utilizando os frameworks GMF, EMF e UML2tool. Este ambiente permite não só representar o conceito de contexto seguindo a abordagem proposta, bem como avaliar a corretude dos modelos criados. A extensão e a ferramenta proposta foram avaliadas através de um questionário abordando a modelagem proposta comparada com modelagens que utilizam a UML pura. Essa avaliação permitiu determinar os reais benefícios do trabalho desenvolvido e onde os resultados sugerem que a modularização das informações de contexto em um novo conceito chamado de UML2Context traz benefícios, quando comparada com a decomposição de tais informações com a UML Pura. Os resultados apontaram que a UML2Context aumentou a taxa de respostas corretas em 28,41%, reduziu o esforço de interpretação em 61,03% e melhorou a interpretação dos modelos de contexto em 35,98%, se mostrando eficaz para modelagem de sistemas ubíquos. / Researchers and industry professionals recognize the importance of developing context-aware systems, as these systems increasingly are part of everyday life of people. To design, communicate design decisions and represent the structural and behavioral aspects of these systems, developers commonly use the Unified Modeling Language (UML), which is widely recognized as the standard language of software modeling. However, given the increasing diversity of modeling techniques and UML's inability to represent the concepts of context-aware systems, is particularly challenging for developers to design and objectively communicate design decisions of such systems. Usually developers don’t have the tools to facilitate the representation of context in an appropriate manner, whereas propose notations to solve the problem, further aggravating the problem of heterogeneity of current modeling techniques. The main problem is that UML is inaccurate to represent the concept of context and rigid to incorporate new concepts. Another problem is that academic and commercial tools of current modeling - including IBM RSA, Astah, Borland Together - do not support the representation and validation of context models. This paper therefore proposes an extension of UML for modeling context, which aims not only to allow the representation and validation of the key aspects of context, but also enhance communication of project decision of context aware systems. It also proposes a domain specific modeling environment that enable the modeling of context-aware systems, which was implemented as an Eclipse platform plugin using the GMF frameworks, EMF and UML2tool. This environment will not only represent the concept of context following the proposed approach and to evaluate the correctness of the models. The extent and the proposed tool was evaluated through a questionnaire addressing the proposed model compared with modelings that using the standard UML. This avaliation allowed us to evaluate the real benefits of work and where the results suggest that the modularization of context information in a new concept called UML2Context brings benefits compared with the decomposition of such information with the pure UML. The results link that UML2Context increased the rate of correct answers in 28.41%, reduced the effort of interpretation in 61,03% and improved the interpretation of context models in 35.98%, proving effective for modeling ubiquitous systems.

The aim of this project is to create a metamodel from a drilling tool with replaceable inserts from FEA of the machining process using MATLAB and ABAQUS. This report contains research in drilling and in metamodeling using neural networks and the work from the design of the CAD, through FEA and simulations, to the metamodeling, excluding the optimization. The work has resulted in a framework where a base FE model of the drill with two inserts that works, but due to time issues and given high cutting speed and feed the results of the FEA and the metamodeling are not very accurate. Therefore, the optimization analysis could not be done. However, it has been shown that feed has a major influence on the inserts temperature than the cutting speed, despite the higher range of this last one.