<p>The need for change of direction in Software Engineering has been suggested in severalresources [Power of Models]. In recent years many organizations have focused on ModelDriven Engineering (MDE) as an approach to application design and implementation.Model Driven Architecture (MDA) was introduced by Object Management Group (OMG) in2001 in support of MDE. Models are the basic elements in MDE. The focus on MDE is onthe concept of “Everything is a model”. So far several languages, tools and platforms havebeen created for MDE.In particular, models can be developed in a distributed environment, thus once they mergetogether, conflicts and inconsistencies should be detected in a convenient way to bereconciled (automatically by software or manually by developers). This project is based onprevious works that define difference and conflict metamodels of a source model. In thisreport, we introduce the benefits of versioning systems in MDE framework. A conflictmetamodel that is generated from the input metamodel and the architecture for detectingconflicts are represented. The proposed approach is metamodel independent that meansconflict metalmodel is created for any input model which conforms to Kernel Meta MetaModel (KM3). The concept of used conflict model can be also changed regardless ofmodels. The extended idea for conflicts detection, the presented architecture for modelcode management and the tools that can detect conflicts of concurrent models can help toimprove MDE in model code management. For this report, some implementation in Eclipseplatform has been rendered while some future works are suggested.</p> / University of L'Aquila, Project group in Moedling with Alfonso Pierantonio

The United States Navy is committed to developing technology for an All-Electric Ship (AES) that promises to improve the affordability and capability of its next-generation warships. With the addition of power-intensive 21st century electrical systems, future thermal loads are projected to exceed current heat removal capacity. Furthermore, rising fuel costs necessitate a careful approach to total-ship energy management. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to develop computer tools for early-stage design of shipboard energy distribution systems. A system-level model is developed that enables ship designers to assess the effects of thermal and electrical system configurations on fuel efficiency and survivability. System-level optimization and design exploration, based on these energy system models, is challenging because the models are sometimes computationally expensive and characterized by discrete design variables and discontinuous responses. To address this challenge, a classifier-guided sampling (CGS) method is developed that uses a Bayesian classifier to pursue solutions with desirable performance characteristics. The CGS method is tested on a set of example problems and applied to the AES energy system model. Results show that the CGS method significantly improves the rate of convergence towards known global optima, on average, when compared to genetic algorithms. / text

Pastaruoju metu informacinių technologijų pasaulyje dažnai minimos paslaugomis ir įvykiais grindžiamų sistemų architektūros. Greitai besikeičiančiame verslo pasaulyje įmonėms yra aktualu turėti sistemas, kurios greitai ir lengvai būtų priderintos prie besikeičiančių verslo procesų ir sumažintų tokių sistemų kūrimo ir palaikymo išlaidas. Naudodamos paslaugomis grindžiamą architektūrą, įmonės gali lanksčiai tvarkyti savo veiklą ir kurti sistemas, nekeisdamos turimos techninės ar programinės įrangos. Nors literatūroje yra gausu straipsnių apie įvykiais grindžiamas sistemas ir jų privalumus, tačiau sistemos architektui, nusprendusiam sukurti įvykiais grindžiamos sistemos projektą, iškyla aktualus klausimas: kaip aprašyti ir modeliuoti įvykius, kurie ateina iš išorės arba sugeneruojami pačios sistemos ar vartotojų veiksmų su sistema metu. Akivaizdu, kad šiuo metu nėra populiarios metodikos, kuri apibrėžtų, kaip reikia atlikti įvykių modeliavimą ir jį panaudoti informacinių sistemų kūrimo procese. Šiame darbe nagrinėjami įvykiais grindžiamų sistemų modeliavimo metodai ir realizavimo technologijos. Atsižvelgiant į analizės rezultatus pateikiama įvykiais grindžiamų sistemų modeliavimo ir realizavimo metodika. Ši metodika pritaikyta ir įvertinta sukuriant publikacijų portalo prototipą. / Nowadays the terms SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) and event driven systems are often used when talking about systems with large scalability, performance and interoperability. In fast changing business world it is vital to have systems that could be easily changed whenever new functionality is needed. Using service oriented architecture companies can easier adapt its business process to changed business rules. Even though there are a lot of articles and publications about event driven systems and their advantages, but the system architect who decides to build an event driven system is facing the problem: how to model and describe events of the system. Obviously, that there are no popular and widely accepted methodology for event driven system modelling. The goal of this work is to develop a methodology for modelling an event driven systems. This methodology describes the metamodel for event modelling and the usage of the event model in system development life cycle. The developed methodology for modelling and implementation of event-driven information systems was used for making a model of publications portal prototype. Usage of this methodology in system design process adds more clarity, because all the events, which can be generated in the system and their types, are described in one diagram – event model. The event model elements can be used in other model diagrams, such as sequence or state machine diagrams.

Darbe nagrinėjama programų sistemų palaikymo ir vystymo problema. Nustatyta, jog sąnaudos šiose programų sistemos gyvavimo ciklo fazėse siekia iki 80% visų sąnaudų, skiriamų programų sistemai kurti. Pagrindinis šio reiškinio veiksnys yra nuolatinis poreikis pritaikyti sistemų funkcionalumą prie besikeičiančių verslo reikalavimų, o tokios užduotys apima didžiąją dalį visų palaikymo veiklų. Nagrinėti tyrimai parodė, kad programų sistemose įgyvendintai verslo logikai suprasti sugaištama 40–60% pakeitimams atliki skirto laiko, kadangi atsakingi už sistemų palaikymą žmonės paprastai nėra jų projektuotai, todėl turi dėti dideles pastangas, kad išsiaiškintų sistemos veikimo principus. Be to, pakeitimai, atliekami palaikymo metu, yra retai dokumentuojami (ar net nedokumentuojami visai), o supratimas įgytas įgyvendinant pakeitimus lieka individualių programuotojų galvose. Tuo tarpu kiti tyrimai atskleidė, jog paprastai tik trečdalis programų sistemos kodo įgyvendina verslo logiką, o kita dalis yra skirta platformos ir infrastruktūros funkcijoms įgyvendinti. Iš to darytina išvada, jog išgaunant dalykinės srities žinias bei išlaikant atsekamumą tarp jų ir jas įgyvendinančio programinio kodo, galima sumažinti sistemų palaikymo ir vystymo kaštus. Todėl pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas yra patobulinti verslo žinių išgavimo ir vaizdavimo procesą, pasiūlant metodą ir palaikančias priemones, kurios palengvintų egzistuojančių programų sistemų suvokimą. Darbas susideda iš įvado, 4 dalių, bendrųjų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The dissertation addresses the problem of software maintenance and evolution. It identifies that spending within these software lifecycle phases may account for up to 80% of software’s total lifecycle cost, whereas the inability to adopt software quickly and reliably to meet ever-changing business requirements may lead to business opportunities being lost. The main reason of this phenomenon is the fact that the most of maintenance effort is devoted to understanding the software to be modified. On the other hand, related studies show that less than one-third of software source code contains business logic implemented within it, while the remaining part is intended for platform or infrastructure relevant activities. It follows that if the most of changes in software are made due to the need to adopt its functionality to changed business requirements, then facilitating software comprehension with automated business knowledge extraction methods may significantly reduce the cost of software maintenance and evolution. Therefore the main goal of this thesis is to improve business knowledge extraction process by proposing a method and supporting tool framework that would facilitate comprehension of existing software systems. The dissertation consists of the following parts: Introduction, 4 chapters, General Conclusions, References, and 6 Annexes. Chapter 1 presents a systematic literature review of related studies in order to summarize the state-of-the art in this research field... [to full text]

Distributed intelligence systems are starting to gain dominance in the field of large-scale complex systems. These systems are characterized by nonlinear behavior patterns that are only predicted through simulation-based engineering. In addition, the autonomy, intelligence, and reconfiguration capabilities required by certain systems introduce obstacles adding another layer of complexity. However, there exists no standard process for the design of such systems. This research presents a design methodology focusing on distributed control architectures while concurrently considering the systems design process. The methodology has two major components. First, it introduces a hybrid design process, based on the infusion of the control architecture and conceptual system design processes. The second component is the development of control architectures metamodel, placing a distinction between control configuration and control methods. This enables a standard representation of a wide spectrum of control architectures frameworks.

We discuss the design and analysis of a code generator for C++, implemented in the Umple model-oriented programming technology. Umple adds UML constructs and patterns to various base programming languages such as Java and PhP. Umple code generators create code for those constructs, which can include UML associations and state machines, as well as patterns such as immutable and singleton. Base language methods are passed through unchanged along with the generated code. Creating a C++ code generator for Umple posed many challenges, all of which are discussed in this thesis: We had to focus on the appropriate C++ idioms and stylistic conventions to follow. We followed a test-driven development process to ensure that the resulting code was correct. To evaluate the work, we compared our C++ generator with those in other tools such as ArgoUML and IBM Rational Software Architect. We conclude that our C++ generator is superior in many ways to these widely used tools because it is more complete and generates better quality code.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielCS_DISSERT.pdf: 2517555 bytes, checksum: 7a87d4943b3ba068ea03a2691bda7bff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-17 / The process for choosing the best components to build systems has become increasingly complex. It becomes more critical if it was need to consider many combinations of components in the context of an architectural configuration. These circumstances occur, mainly, when we have to deal with systems involving critical requirements, such as the timing constraints in distributed multimedia systems, the network bandwidth in mobile applications or even the reliability in real-time systems. This work proposes a process of dynamic selection of architectural configurations based on non-functional requirements criteria of the system, which can be used during a dynamic adaptation. This proposal uses the MAUT theory (Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) for decision making from a finite set of possibilities, which involve multiple criteria to be analyzed. Additionally, it was proposed a metamodel which can be used to describe the application s requirements in terms of the non-functional requirements criteria and their expected values, to express them in order to make the selection of the desired configuration. As a proof of concept, it was implemented a module that performs the dynamic choice of configurations, the MoSAC. This module was implemented using a component-based development approach (CBD), performing a selection of architectural configurations based on the proposed selection process involving multiple criteria. This work also presents a case study where an application was developed in the context of Digital TV to evaluate the time spent on the module to return a valid configuration to be used in a middleware with autoadaptative features, the middleware AdaptTV / O processo para a escolha dos melhores componentes a serem usados na constru??o de sistemas tem se tornado cada vez mais complexo; isso se torna mais cr?tico quando precisamos considerar v?rias combina??es de componentes a serem escolhidos no contexto de uma configura??o arquitetural. Essa preocupa??o ocorre, principalmente, quando lidamos com sistemas que envolvem requisitos cr?ticos, como por exemplo, as restri??es temporais nos sistemas multim?dia distribu?dos, a largura de banda da rede nas aplica??es m?veis ou at? mesmo a confiabilidade em sistemas de tempo real. Este trabalho prop?e um processo de sele??o din?mica de configura??es arquiteturais baseado nos requisitos n?o funcionais do sistema, os quais poder?o ser utilizados durante uma adapta??o din?mica. A presente proposta utiliza a teoria MAUT (Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) para a tomada de decis?o a partir de um conjunto finito de possibilidades, as quais envolvem m?ltiplos crit?rios a serem analisados. Adicionalmente, foi proposto um metamodelo capaz de descrever as necessidades da aplica??o, em termos dos requisitos n?o funcionais e seus respectivos valores esperados, para que as mesmas possam ser interpretadas pelo processo a fim de realizar a sele??o da configura??o desejada. Como prova de conceito, foi implementado um m?dulo que realiza a escolha din?mica das configura??es, o MoSAC. Esse m?dulo foi implementado utilizando a abordagem de desenvolvimento baseado em componentes (DBC) realizando a sele??o das configura??es arquiteturais baseado no processo de sele??o proposto neste trabalho envolvendo m?ltiplos crit?rios. Esse trabalho tamb?m apresenta um estudo do caso onde foi desenvolvido uma aplica??o no contexto de TV Digital para avaliar o tempo que o m?dulo gasta para retornar uma configura??o v?lida a ser utilizada em um middleware com caracter?sticas autoadaptativas; para isso foi utilizado o middleware AdaptTV

L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des approches innovantes de conception préliminaire d’actionneurs embarqués. Cette démarche répond à un besoin fort de l’industrie,en particulier en aéronautique. Dans un premier temps, une méthode hybride de génération d’architectures solutions et de sélection vis-à-vis des exigences du cahier des charges et de l’état de l’art technologique est proposée. Dans un deuxième temps, une étude de l’effet de l’incertitude sur les modèles de conception préliminaire a été réalisée. Une troisième partie a démontré l’intérêt de lier les approches et les outils de modélisation 0D/1D et 3D afin de permettre l’accélération des phases de conception et afin de mieux remonter la connaissance liée à la géométrie. Enfin, une méthode utilisant les métamodèles basées sur les lois d’échelle visant à l’obtention de formes mathématiques simples pour le besoin de dimensionnent des composants mécatroniques a été développée / The objective of this thesis is to propose an innovative approaches for embedded actuators preliminary design. This approach responds to a strong need for the industry, particularly in aeronautics. As a first step, a hybrid method of architectures generation and selection depending on the specifications and the technological state of the art is proposed. In a second step, a study of the effect of uncertainty in preliminary design models was completed. A third part demonstrated the value of combining modeling approaches tools 0D/1D and 3D to enable the design phases acceleration and to have better knowledge related to the geometry. Finally, a method using meta-models based on scaling laws for obtaining simple mathematical forms needed for sizing mechatronic components has been developed

[pt] Como um novo e poderoso paradigma para modelagem e implementação de sistemas de software, os sistemas multiagentes necessitam de metodologias, linguagens de modelagem, plataformas de desenvolvimento e linguagens de programação que explorem seus benefícios e características particulares. Contudo, diferentes metodologias, linguagens e plataformas para sistemas multiagentes propõem abstrações variadas e com definições muito diferentes. Nesse contexto, é necessário criar frameworks conceituais que definam as abstrações, seus relacionamentos e seus comportamentos. Como em qualquer novo paradigma para engenharia de software, o sucesso e a difusão de sistemas multiagentes requerem, entre outras tecnologias de software baseadas em agentes, linguagens de modelagem que explorem o uso de abstrações relacionadas a agentes e promovam o refinamento dos modelos de design para código. Esta tese contempla a definição de um framework conceitual para sistemas multiagentes chamado TAO e uma linguagem de modelagem para sistemas multiagentes chamada MAS-ML. Os objetivos desta tese são descrever os aspectos estáticos e dinâmicos das abstrações freqüentemente utilizadas em sistemas multiagentes definindo um framework conceitual, propor uma linguagem de modelagem que descreva diagramas estáticos e dinâmicos para modelar esses aspectos e descrever o refinamento dos modelos estáticos para código. / [en] As a powerful and new paradigm for designing and implementing software systems, multi-agent systems require methodologies, modeling languages, development platforms and programming languages that explore their benefits and their peculiar characteristics. However, different methodologies, languages and platforms for multi-agent systems propose very distinct and varied sets of abstraction. In this context, there is a need for creating a conceptual framework that defines the frequently used multi-agent system abstractions, their relationships and their behavior. As it is the case with any new software engineering paradigm, the successful and widespread deployment of multi-agent systems require modeling languages, among other agent-based software technologies, that explore the use of agentrelated abstractions and promote the traceability from the design models to code. This thesis contemplates the definition of a multi-agent system conceptual framework called TAO and of a multi-agent system modeling language called MAS-ML. Our goals are to describe the structural and dynamic aspects of the abstractions commonly used in multi-agent systems by defining a conceptual framework, to propose a modeling language that describes structural and dynamic diagrams to model such aspects and to present the traceability from the structural models into code.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:06:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5515.pdf: 2859644 bytes, checksum: 8f2473af784eb07ff38067a957051dde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-27 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Software systems are considered legacy when they were developed many years ago with outdated technologies and their maintenance process consumes a large amount of resources. One cause of these problems is the inadequate modularization of its crosscutting concerns. In this situation, an alternative is to modernize the system with a new language to provide better support for concern modularization. ADM (Architecture-Driven Modernization) is an OMG model-driven proposal to modernize legacy systems and consist of a set of metamodels in which the main metamodel is KDM (Knowledge Discovery Metamodel), which allows to represent all the characteristics of a system. The modernization process begins with reverse engineering to represent the legacy system in a KDM model. Thereafter, refactorings can be applied to the model and then generate the modernized code. However, the current proposals do not support crosscutting concerns modularization. This occurs because the first step is to identify the elements which contribute with the implementation of a particular concern and it is not supplied by ADM. In this sense, this dissertation presents an approach for mining crosscutting concerns in KDM models, thus establishing the first step towards to a Concern-Driven modernization. The approach is a combination of two techniques, a concern library and a modified K-means clustering algorithm, which comprises four steps where the input is a KDM model and the result is the same KDM model with annotated concerns and some log files. In addition, we developed an Eclipse plugin called CCKDM to implement the approach. An evaluation was performed involving three software systems. The results show that for systems using APIs to implement their concerns the developed technique is an effective method for identifying them, achieving good values of precision and recall. / Sistemas de software são considerados legados quando foram desenvolvidos há muitos anos com tecnologias obsoletas e seu processo de manutenção consome uma quantidade de recursos além da desejada. Uma das causas desses problemas é a modularização inadequada de seus interesses transversais. Quando se encontram nessa situação, uma alternativa é modernizar o sistema para novas linguagens que forneçam melhor suporte à modularização desse tipo de interesse. A ADM (Architecture-Driven Modernization) é uma proposta do OMG para a modernização orientada a modelos de sistemas legados, sendo composta por um conjunto de metamodelos, em que o principal é o KDM (Knowledge Discovery Metamodel), que permite representar todas as particularidades de um sistema. O processo de modernização inicia-se com a engenharia reversa, em que o sistema legado é inteiramente representado em KDM. Depois disso, pode-se aplicar refatorações nesse modelo e gerar o código modernizado. Entretanto, a proposta atual da ADM não inclui suporte para modularizar interesses transversais de um sistema. Isso ocorre porque o primeiro passo desse processo é minerar e encontrar os elementos que contribuem para a implementação de um dado interesse, e isso não é fornecido pela ADM. Nesse sentido, nesta dissertação é apresentada uma abordagem para mineração de interesses no metamodelo KDM, estabelecendo o primeiro passo para um processo de modernização dirigido a interesses. A abordagem de mineração proposta atua com uma combinação de duas técnicas; uma biblioteca de interesses e um algoritmo modificado K-means para agrupar strings similares. A abordagem inclui quatro passos onde a entrada é um modelo KDM e o resultado é o mesmo modelo KDM com os interesses anotados e mais alguns arquivos de registro. Além disso, desenvolveuse um plugin chamado CCKDM para o ambiente Eclipse que implementa a abordagem. Uma avaliação foi realizada envolvendo três sistemas de software. Os resultados da avaliação mostraram que para sistemas que utilizam APIs para implementar seus interesses a técnica desenvolvida é efetiva para a identificação deles, atingindo bons valores de precisão e cobertura.