The thesis focuses on issues around communication system with the Direct Spread Spectrum Signal Signal. This work outlines the theoretical analysis of this technique and subsequently is created a communication system concept. The device concept is adjusted so that the device can be used as a laboratory device, presenting the spreading technique. This thesis offers a comprehensive and detailed description of the communication system construction, including design of transmitter, receiver and a common transmission channel. In conclusion are stated the results of devised communication system.

This master's thesis deals with creation of generators of the code for existing virtual platforms QEMU and OVP. This work consist of study of techniques, which are used by virtual machines for their work. Main part of this work is the design of process, which transforms input instruction sets to the code used by these virtual platforms. As the result of this work functional programs, which generate the code for these virtual platforms, was created.

With the scaling of technology nodes, modern CMOS integrated circuits face severe fundamental challenges that stem from device scaling limitations, interconnection bottlenecks and increasing manufacturing complexities. These challenges drive researchers to look for revolutionary technologies beyond the end of CMOS roadmap. Towards this end, a new nanoscale 3-D computing fabric for future integrated circuits, Skybridge, has been proposed [1]. In this new fabric, core aspects from device to circuit style, connectivity, thermal management and manufacturing pathway are co-architected in a 3-D fabric-centric manner. However, the Skybridge fabric uses only n-type transistors in a dynamic circuit style for logic and memory implementations. Therefore, it requires complicated clocking schemes to overcome signal monotonicity associated with cascading dynamic logic gates. For Skybridge’s large-scale circuits, the dynamic circuit style requires cascaded stages to be micro-pipelined, which results in large number of buffers used for storing minterms causing significant overhead in terms of area and power. Moreover, implementation of logic is limited to NAND or AND-of-NAND based logic expressions, which does not always result in compact circuits. In this work, we propose an extension of original Skybridge fabric, called NP-Dynamic-Skybridge, to solve these challenges by using both n-and p-type transistors in an innovative circuit style. Here, every stage in a given circuit is implemented by either n-type or p-type dynamic logic. Cascading n- and p-type dynamic logic effectively avoids signal monotonicity problem, and allows combinational-like circuit implementation. This helps to simplify the clocking scheme for cascaded logics requiring only one set of global precharge and evaluate clock signals. And also it expands the degree of expressing logic enabling expressions such as NOR, OR-of-NORs, in addition to those previously mentioned. Furthermore, the number of pipeline stages is significantly reduced for a given logic function, and buffer requirements are less compared with Skybridge 3D fabric thus improving on area and power metrics. Initial evaluation for NP-Dynamic-Skybridge’s 4-bit carry look-ahead adder shows up to 2x density benefits over Skybridge 3-D fabric and at least 17% power/throughput benefit.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Feng An and Maher Rizkalla, “Temperature/CO2 Sensor Embedded System Based Communications”, enrolled in ISCA FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS, to be held in Orlando, September 15-17, 2010. / In this work, inter-integrated circuit mode (I2C) software was used to communicate between sensors and the embedded control system, utilizing PIC182585 MPLAB hardware. These sensors were built as part of a system on board that includes the sensors, microcontroller, and interface circuitry. The hardware includes the PIC18 processor, FPGA chip, and peripherals. A FPGA chip was used to interface the processor with the peripherals in order to operate at the same clock speed. This hardware design features high level of integration, reliability, high precision, and high speed communications. The software was first designed to operate each sensor separately, then the sensor system was integrated (to combine all sensors, microcontroller, and interfacing circuitries), and the software was updated to provide various actions if triggered by the sensors. Actions taken by the processor may include alarming signals that are based on threshold values received from the sensors, and inquiring temperature and CO2 readings. The system was designed for HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) applications and industrial settings. The overall system incorporating temperature and CO2 sensors was implemented and successfully tested. The response of the multi-sensor system was agreeable with the design parameters. The system may be expanded to include other sensors such as light senor, pressure sensor, etc. Monitoring the threshold values should add to the security features of the integrated communication system. This design features low power consumption (utilizing the sleeping mode of the processors), high speed communications, security, and flexibility to expansion.

This report discusses in great detail the various research, design, and development stages of the Produce Sorting Microcomputer developed for HAGAN ENGINEERING Inc. The two-semester Clinical Research project has been approved by the graduate committee at the School of Engineering at the University of the Pacific and fulfills the requirements towards a Master Degree in Electrical Engineering. The project was selected based on its complexity, feasibility, the time span it required to complete, and its relevance to the area of real time microcomputer design. In addition, the design constraints and specifications were to be dictated solely by HAGAN ENGINEERING Inc. and all further modifications were to be discussed and approved by HAGAN. These limitations created a professional industry-like atmosphere, which is one of the goals of the Clinical Research Program. A brief User's Manual will accompany the MC68000 board; it will contain all the vital information about the system that a programmer or a technician might need to understand the system. The manual wall contain the complete circuit schematic, a parts list, general design features, and all the software properties of the system (memory map, interrupt tables register map).

This thesis dealing with description and of autonomous solar systems and algorithms for control of decision-making mechanism. Optimal set of these machanism has effeect in raise of efficiency in hole autonomous system. In practical purposes propose create one by using microprocesor ATMEGA8, which measure all electrical data in system and control all decisions of implemented algorithm.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / Although PCM/TDM framed data is one of the most prevalent formats handled by flight test ranges, it is often required to acquire and process other types. Examples of such non-standard data types are radar position information and meteorological data from both ground based and radiosonde systems. To facilitate the process and management of such non-standard data types, a micro-processor based system was developed to acquire and transform them into a standard PCM/TDM data frame. This obviated the expense of developing additional special software and hardware to handle such non-standard data types.

I projektet utreds möjligheterna kring att kunna kontrollera en generators reaktiva effektproduktion genom att styra magnetiseringsströmmen från en PLC. Som metod för styrning från PLC beslutades att en signal på 0-5V skulle användas. För att reglera magnetiseringen, och därmed i förlängningen den reaktiva effekten, beslutades att den befintliga manuella potentiometern skulle ersättas med två parallellkopplade digitala potentiometrar av typen MCP4261 som kontrollerades av en mikrokontroller. Att de digitala potentiometrarna skulle parallellkopplas beslutades efter en förstudie som visade på att det skulle resultera i en noggrannare reglering utan någon inskränkning på användbart reglerspann. Praktisk provning av mikrokontroller och digitala potentiometrar gav ett tillfredsställande och bra resultat med god upplösning. / This project investigates the possibilities of being able to control a generators reactive power production by controlling the excitation current from a PLC. As a method for controlling from PLC, it was decided that a signal of 0-5V should be used. In order to regulate the magnetization, and hence in the long term the reactive power, it was decided that the existing manual potentiometer would be replaced by two parallel-connected digital potentiometers of the type MCP4261 controlled by a microcontroller. The fact that the digital potentiometers would be connected in parallel was decided after a feasibility study which showed that in this way it would result in a more accurate regulation without any restriction on the usable control span. Practical testing of microcontrollers and digital potentiometers provided a satisfactory result with a good resolution.

Em função das limitações apresentadas pelos relés eletromecânicos, a proteção térmica de motores foi historicamente tratada como um problema de coordenação de sobrecorrente, sem levar em consideração a dinâmica e o histórico térmico envolvido na operação contínua do motor. Os atuais relés microprocessados para proteção de motores implementam equações diferenciais de primeira ordem, cujos algoritmos, processados em tempo real, possibilitam uma nova abordagem para uma adequada proteção térmica, utilizando modelos matemáticos. Especialmente para os motores industriais de grande porte e de maior importância operacional, somente os recentes relés de proteção microprocessados e seus algoritmos digitais tem sido efetivamente capazes de fornecer proteção adequada, baseados em modelos térmicos que realisticamente estimam, continuamente e em tempo real, o nível térmico atual do motor. A proteção térmica de motores de indução trifásicos tem sido uma das maiores áreas onde a proteção numérica, baseado em microprocessadores, tem proporcionado um aprimoramento do nível básico das funções de proteção de motores. O método da proteção térmica tem sido aperfeiçoado, de forma a implementar modelos que levam em consideração o aquecimento do motor devido às correntes de seqüência positiva e negativa e as características térmicas de um motor de indução. A capacidade do processamento digital de sinais tem possibilitado a implementação de novas soluções para as deficiências de proteção de motores industriais trifásicos apresentadas pelas tecnologias convencionais de proteção, até então fundamentadas em proteção de sobrecorrente. As principais funções de proteção aplicáveis para motores trifásicos industriais, bem como os aspectos do estado da arte de hardware, software e filtros digitais implementados nos atuais relés de proteção microprocessados são discutidos neste trabalho. O equacionamento de um sistema térmico de primeira ordem e os requisitos de modelo para a implementação da proteção térmica de motores são também aqui analisados. São discutidas as dinâmicas de dois modelos térmicos, um baseado em proteção por sobrecorrente e outro baseado em um sistema térmico de primeira ordem. São simulados e comparados os desempenhos destes dois diferentes algoritmos de proteção térmica de motores, quando submetidos às correntes de carga e de sobrecarga, tanto constantes como cíclicas. / On account of the limitations presented for the electromechanical relays, the motor thermal protection was historically treated as an overcurrent coordination issue, without taking into account the dynamics and the thermal historical involved in the process. The modern microprocessor-based relays for motor protection implement discrete time first-order differential equations, whose algorithms, based on the power of the real time signal processing, make possible a new approach for a proper thermal protection, applying mathematical models. Especially for large and critical operational significance industrial motors, only the recent numerical relays for motor protection and its digital algorithms has been efficiently suitable to provide an adequate protection, based in thermal models that realistically take into account, continuously and in real time, the actual motor thermal level. The thermal protection of three-phase induction motors has been one of the biggest areas where the numerical protection, based in microprocessor-based relays, has provide an improvement of the basic level of the motor protection functions. The method of the thermal protection has been improved, in such wise as to implement models that take into account the motor heating due to both positive and negative sequence currents, and the thermal characteristics of an induction motor. The capacity of the digital signal processing has made possible the implementation of new solutions for the deficiencies of three-phase industrial motors protection, established on the conventional protection technologies, till then based on overcurrent protection. The main applicable protection functions for industrial three-phase motors, as well as the aspects of the state of the art of the hardware, software and digital filters implemented in the actual microprocessor-based protection relays are discussed in this work. The derivation of a first-order thermal system and the requirements of model for the implementation of the motor thermal protection also are studied in this work. The dynamics of two thermal models, one based in overcurrent protection and another based on a first-order thermal system are analyzed. The performances of these two different algorithms of motor thermal protection are simulated and compared, when subjected to both constants and cyclic, load and overload currents.

Em função das limitações apresentadas pelos relés eletromecânicos, a proteção térmica de motores foi historicamente tratada como um problema de coordenação de sobrecorrente, sem levar em consideração a dinâmica e o histórico térmico envolvido na operação contínua do motor. Os atuais relés microprocessados para proteção de motores implementam equações diferenciais de primeira ordem, cujos algoritmos, processados em tempo real, possibilitam uma nova abordagem para uma adequada proteção térmica, utilizando modelos matemáticos. Especialmente para os motores industriais de grande porte e de maior importância operacional, somente os recentes relés de proteção microprocessados e seus algoritmos digitais tem sido efetivamente capazes de fornecer proteção adequada, baseados em modelos térmicos que realisticamente estimam, continuamente e em tempo real, o nível térmico atual do motor. A proteção térmica de motores de indução trifásicos tem sido uma das maiores áreas onde a proteção numérica, baseado em microprocessadores, tem proporcionado um aprimoramento do nível básico das funções de proteção de motores. O método da proteção térmica tem sido aperfeiçoado, de forma a implementar modelos que levam em consideração o aquecimento do motor devido às correntes de seqüência positiva e negativa e as características térmicas de um motor de indução. A capacidade do processamento digital de sinais tem possibilitado a implementação de novas soluções para as deficiências de proteção de motores industriais trifásicos apresentadas pelas tecnologias convencionais de proteção, até então fundamentadas em proteção de sobrecorrente. As principais funções de proteção aplicáveis para motores trifásicos industriais, bem como os aspectos do estado da arte de hardware, software e filtros digitais implementados nos atuais relés de proteção microprocessados são discutidos neste trabalho. O equacionamento de um sistema térmico de primeira ordem e os requisitos de modelo para a implementação da proteção térmica de motores são também aqui analisados. São discutidas as dinâmicas de dois modelos térmicos, um baseado em proteção por sobrecorrente e outro baseado em um sistema térmico de primeira ordem. São simulados e comparados os desempenhos destes dois diferentes algoritmos de proteção térmica de motores, quando submetidos às correntes de carga e de sobrecarga, tanto constantes como cíclicas. / On account of the limitations presented for the electromechanical relays, the motor thermal protection was historically treated as an overcurrent coordination issue, without taking into account the dynamics and the thermal historical involved in the process. The modern microprocessor-based relays for motor protection implement discrete time first-order differential equations, whose algorithms, based on the power of the real time signal processing, make possible a new approach for a proper thermal protection, applying mathematical models. Especially for large and critical operational significance industrial motors, only the recent numerical relays for motor protection and its digital algorithms has been efficiently suitable to provide an adequate protection, based in thermal models that realistically take into account, continuously and in real time, the actual motor thermal level. The thermal protection of three-phase induction motors has been one of the biggest areas where the numerical protection, based in microprocessor-based relays, has provide an improvement of the basic level of the motor protection functions. The method of the thermal protection has been improved, in such wise as to implement models that take into account the motor heating due to both positive and negative sequence currents, and the thermal characteristics of an induction motor. The capacity of the digital signal processing has made possible the implementation of new solutions for the deficiencies of three-phase industrial motors protection, established on the conventional protection technologies, till then based on overcurrent protection. The main applicable protection functions for industrial three-phase motors, as well as the aspects of the state of the art of the hardware, software and digital filters implemented in the actual microprocessor-based protection relays are discussed in this work. The derivation of a first-order thermal system and the requirements of model for the implementation of the motor thermal protection also are studied in this work. The dynamics of two thermal models, one based in overcurrent protection and another based on a first-order thermal system are analyzed. The performances of these two different algorithms of motor thermal protection are simulated and compared, when subjected to both constants and cyclic, load and overload currents.