In this thesis, an internal mobile phone antenna with a distributed matching circuit for eight-band LTE/WWAN operation is presented. By selecting proper dimensions of the distributed matching circuit, the bandwidth of the proposed antenna can be greatly enhanced. Good radiation characteristics are also obtained, and the proposed antenna occupies only 60 ¡Ñ 10 ¡Ñ 3 mm^3 and is very suitable for slim mobile phone applications. Effects of the human body including user¡¦s head and hand are also studied, and the SAR and HAC issues are simulated and analyzed in this thesis.

Bandwidth enhancement of the LTE/WWAN handset antenna achieved by improving the excited surface current distribution in the system ground plane is presented. To achieve this goal, the system ground plane is shaped to be of a C-shape in this thesis. In this case, the longitudinal excited surface current in the system ground plane can have a smooth distribution. The proposed antenna is disposed at one edge of the C-shaped system ground plane, and the antenna comprises a driven monopole strip, a shorted monopole strip and a distributed parallel resonance (PR) circuit. By controlling the resonant frequency of the distributed PR circuit, it can result in dual-resonance excitation of the lowest resonant mode contributed by the shorted monopole strip to cover the LTE700/GSM850/900 operation. The antenna also occupies a small volume of 44 ¡Ñ 10 ¡Ñ 5 mm3 (about 2.2 cm3). Good radiation characteristics of the antenna are also obtained. For practical applications, effects of the electrical connection between the system ground plane and the surrounding metal elements such as the battery¡¦s metal casing and the handset metal midplate are studied. The simulated SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) and HAC (Hearing Aid Compatibility) results are also analyzed.

In this thesis, the study mainly focuses on the current trends in development of compact multi-media mobile phone and provides a wideband monopole antenna design suitable for application in wireless communicating system in the near future. By utilizing the planar monopole antenna structure, the proposed antenna design is easy to be embedded into the mobile phone. Further, by using a shielding metal cover, we create a zone with low surface current distribution. This effect will reduce the electromagnetic coupling between the antenna and the electronic elements and make it possible to integrate more related elements into the mobile phones. Finally, we use the simulation software to analyze the dielectric effect caused by the casing of mobile phone and human body on the proposed antenna.

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<!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} --> <!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" /> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" /> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></p><p>The 1990s is commonly referred as the Golden Age for High Technology and during this time the industry grew with a rapid speed. As a result, the consumers were presented with a various number of innovative products such as the Internet, computers and mobile phones. Within the High Tech frame, one of the fastest growing industries is the mobile phone handset industry. In 2006, 800,2 million mobile phones were sold worldwide and the market value was $104,3 billion. Forecasts about the mobile phone market predicts that the market will grow to 1,8 billion units in 2011 and have a value of $211,9 billion.</p><p> </p><p>However, during this time, the researcher, Geoffrey Moore, identified a problem for the High Tech companies, i.e. the chasm. The chasm is a gap between the early market and the mainstream market that has arisen due to the characteristics of the high tech industry and the differences between these two groups. Due to the fact, that the early market only represents 10-15% of the total market it is vital for companies to cross the chasm and reach the mainstream market, in order to cover the high initial R&D costs.</p><p> </p><p>Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to conduct a qualitative study within the Swedish mobile phone industry to understand how the manufacturers’ products are crossing the chasm.</p><p> </p><p>The research has been carried out as a case study, and two of the largest mobile phone manufacturers were used as cases, Sony Ericsson and LG Electronics. The data collection was of qualitative nature and four respondents were chosen to be interviewed.</p><p> </p><p>In the Swedish mobile phone industry, the researchers have identified two types of products; class products and innovation product, which have been identified, defined and named by the researchers themselves. Class products are defined as “mobile phones with no significant innovation value for the consumers”, whereas innovation products are defined as “mobile phones with high innovation value”. The main difference is that class products will never attract the interest of the early market and therefore they are usually launched directly to the mainstream market, ignoring the chasm. Factors such as incremental changes, development of IT, changes in how to market new technologies and overlapping groups in the life cycle has narrowed down the chasm in the industry for innovation products. The most important strategy in order to reach the mainstream market is partnerships and alliances and it is impossible for a manufacturer to survive on their own.</p><p> </p>

This dissertation presents LAISYC, a modular location-aware architecture for intelligent real-time mobile applications that is fully-implementable by third party mobile app developers and supports high-precision and high-accuracy positioning systems such as GPS. LAISYC significantly improves device battery life, provides location data authenticity, ensures security of location data, and significantly reduces the amount of data transferred between the phone and server. The design, implementation, and evaluation of LAISYC using real mobile phones include the following modules: the GPS Auto-Sleep module saves battery energy when using GPS, maintaining acceptable movement tracking (approximately 89% accuracy) with an approximate average doubling of battery life. The Location Data Signing module adds energy-efficient data authenticity to this architecture that is missing in other architectures, with an average approximate battery life decrease of only 7%. The Session Management and Adaptive Location Data Buffering modules also contribute to battery life savings by providing energy-efficient real-time data communication between a mobile phone and server, increasing the average battery life for application data transfer by approximately 28% and reducing the average energy cost for location data transfer by approximately 38%. The Critical Point Algorithm module further reduces battery energy expenditures and the amount of data transferred between the mobile phone and server by eliminating non-essential GPS data (an average 77% reduction), with an average doubling of battery life as the interval of time between location data transmissions is doubled. The Location Data Encryption module ensures the security of the location data being transferred, with only a slight impact on battery life (i.e., a decrease of 4.9%). The LAISYC architecture was validated in two innovative mobile apps that would not be possible without LAISYC due to energy and data transfer constraints. The first mobile app, TRAC-IT, is a multi-modal travel behavior data collection tool that can provide simultaneous real-time location-based services. In TRAC-IT, the GPS Auto-Sleep, Session Management, Adaptive Location Data Buffering, Critical Point algorithm, and the Session Management modules all contribute energy savings that enable the phone's battery to last an entire day during real-time high-resolution GPS tracking. High-resolution real-time GPS tracking is critical to TRAC-IT for reconstructing detailed travel path information, including distance traveled, as well as providing predictive, personalized traffic alerts based on historical and real-time data. The Location Data Signing module allows transportation analysts to trust information that is recorded by the application, while the Location Data Encryption module protects the privacy of users' location information. The Session Management, Adaptive Location Data Buffering, and Critical Point algorithm modules allow TRAC-IT to avoid data overage costs on phones with limited data plans while still supporting real-time location data communication. The Adaptive Location Data Buffering module prevents tracking data from being lost when the user is outside network coverage or is on a voice call for networks that do not support simultaneous voice and data communications. The second mobile app, the Travel Assistance Device (TAD), assists transit riders with intellectual disabilities by prompting them when to exit the bus as well as tracking the rider in real-time and alerting caregivers if they are lost. In the most recent group of TAD field tests in Tampa, Florida, TAD provided the alert in the ideal location to transit riders in 100% (n = 33) of tests. In TAD, the GPS Auto-Sleep, Session Management, Adaptive Location Data Buffering, Critical Point algorithm, and the Session Management modules all contribute energy savings that enable the phone's battery to last an entire day during real-time high-resolution GPS tracking. High-resolution GPS tracking is critical to TAD for providing accurate instructions to the transit rider when to exit the bus as well as tracking an accurate location of the traveler so that caregivers can be alerted if the rider becomes lost. The Location Data Encryption module protects the privacy of the transit rider while they are being tracked. The Session Management, Adaptive Location Data Buffering, and Critical Point algorithm modules allow TAD to avoid data overage costs on phones with limited data plans while still supporting real-time location data communication for the TAD tracking alert features. Adaptive Location Data Buffering module prevents transit rider location data from being lost when the user is outside network coverage or is on a voice call for networks that do not support simultaneous voice and data communications.

<p>Market information and established communication between seller and buyer play an important role in business activities. This thesis investigates the Transkei area in the Eastern Cape&nbsp / Province, South Africa to find out how to empower rural farmers by providing them with less-expensive mobile technology enabling them to post and advertise their produce, access market&nbsp / information on a common database, and find and communicate with potential customers. The farmers&rsquo / requirements were identified using quantitative and qualitative methods and a prototype&nbsp / consisting of USSD and web applications was developed. It allows the farmer to follow a sequence of menu commands to send a request to the database and access market information, such&nbsp / as commodity prices, and post information about their own produce so as to attract more customers. The low cost of USSD and the ubiquity of mobile phones enable the system to be usable, affordable and effective. During the final stage of development, the system was tested successfully and addressed a major problem faced by farmers, i.e. lack of access to market information.</p>

Cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la contribution des TIC à l’amélioration des conditions de vie des populations défavorisées. A partir d’un cadre empirique et spatial qu’est la Contrée de Law située sur la rive droite du Fleuve Sénégal, nous tentons de montrer comment les populations enclavées et pauvres et abandonnées par les pouvoirs publics ont pu faire des TIC des outils pour l’amélioration des conditions de vie. En effet, dans cette localité enclavée, la sécheresse des années 70, a détruit le tissu économique local qui reposait sur une agriculture de subsistance. Les émigrés qui ont déserté cette localité se sont retrouvés en Europe pour subvenir aux besoins des familles restées au pays. En effet, les transferts d’argent constituent, pour beaucoup de familles, le seul moyen de faire face aux besoins quotidiens. Ces transferts d’argent empruntent des canaux informels grâce au téléphone portable. Après avoir passé en revue les différents types de transferts, l’étude empirique s’est intéressée sur les retombées de cette manne financière dans les villages et villes du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal utilisant, non pas du PIB par tête, mais des indicateurs de développement humain plus objectifs en termes de retombées sociales. En plus d’assurer la survie de la famille, les immigrés regroupés en associations dans les localités d’accueil, entreprennent des projets communautaires. Les transformations urbaines grâce aux projets immobiliers sont aussi un indicateur important. Les chantiers qui émergent créent de l’emploi dans les petites et moyennes entreprises comme la soudure, la menuiserie et la quincaillerie. Par ailleurs, les radios communautaires installées le long de la rive gauche du fleuve ont un impact important au sein des populations de la rive droite. Ces radios, prolongement de l’oralité, sont très proches des préoccupations locales. En effet, les annonces et les informations véhiculées à travers ces radios concernent le quotidien des populations. Mais en même temps cette appropriation des TIC a entraîné des changements socioculturels importants au sein de populations et a creusé davantage la fracture sociale par la paupérisation et la marginalisation. Cependant, l’oralité support de l’identité culturelle semble épargnée par cette perte de repères car les médias comme la radio et le téléphone portable sont une sorte « d’oralité seconde », une sorte de préservation des formes de communications traditionnelles largement évoquées dans la partie empirique. / This thesis deals with the study of the contribution of ICT to improve the living conditions of disadvantaged populations. From an empirical and spatial framework that is the Law Contrée located on the right bank of the River Senegal, we try to show how populations isolated and poor and abandoned by the public authorities were able to make ICT tools for the improvement of living conditions. Indeed, in this enclave locality, droughts of the 1970s, has destroyed the local economic fabric based on subsistence agriculture. Emigrants who have deserted this locality are found in Europe to meet the needs of families remained in the country. In fact, money transfers for many families are the only way to cope with everyday needs. These money transfers through informal channels through the mobile phone. After reviewing the different types of transfers, empirical study is interested on the impact of this financial windfall in the villages and towns of the basin of river Senegal using, rather than of GDP per capita, but more objective indicators of human development in terms of social benefits. In addition to ensuring the survival of family, immigrants grouped into associations in host communities undertake community-based projects. Urban transformations through real estate projects are also an important indicator. Sites that create employment in small and medium-sized enterprises such as welding, carpentry and hardware. Furthermore, community radio located on the left bank of the River has an impact of populations on the right bank. These radios, extension of Orality, are very close to local concerns. Indeed, announcements and information conveyed through these radios relate to the everyday life of the populations. But at the same time this appropriation of ICTs has resulted in significant socio-culturalchanges in populations and deepened further the social divide by poverty and marginalization. However, oral cultural identity support appears to be spared by this loss of marks because the media like radio and mobile phones are a kind of second Orality", a kind of preservation of traditional communications widely evoked in the empirical part forms.

L’étude de la confiance dans le domaine des sciences de l’information et de la communication revêt une importance capitale pour cette discipline au carrefour des autres. Elle permet d’affiner mais aussi de compléter les connaissances pour une meilleure appréhension des phénomènes informationnels et communicationnels. La confiance du fait de sa nature jugée trop théorique, reste très peu mobilisée dans les recherches comme une variable explicative des phénomènes de l’information et de la communication.L’objectif de ce travail est de mesurer le niveau de confiance des utilisateurs dans « orange money ». Ce service de transaction monétaire par téléphone mobile fait désormais partie de la gamme des services proposés à la population malienne par la société de télécommunication Orange Mali. En vue d’atteindre cet objectif, un questionnaire a été administré auprès de 309 citadins dans le district de Bamako (Mali).Les résultats issus du traitement et de l’analyse des données collectées montrent que, les répondants ont un niveau élevé de confiance dans les transactions monétaires sur téléphone mobile. Cependant, il ressort de ces résultats une méfiance généralisée des participants à l’enquête à donner leurs informations personnelles à Orange Mali. L’ensemble de ces résultats sont interprétés dans un chapitre dédié.Le présent de thèse s’articule autour de dix chapitres. Il se compose de trois grandes parties dont la première est consacrée à la présentation des concepts théoriques de la confiance, le contexte économique et social. La deuxième partie se focalise sur l’analyse des données et l’interprétation des résultats de l’étude. La troisième partie est focalisée à la mise en perspectives des principaux résultats de ce travail. / The study of trust in the field of information and communication science is of paramount importance in this discipline at the crossroad of others research field. It helps to refine and to supplement the knowledge to a better understanding of informational and communicational phenomena. Trust due to it theoretical aspects, is rarely mobilized in research as an explanatory variable in information and communication sciences.The objective of this work is to measure the level of trust of "Orange Money" users. This money transfer system based on mobile phone is now part of the range of services offered by the company of telecommunications Orange Mali to Malian populations. In order to achieve this, a questionnaire was administered to 309 citizens in the district of Bamako, the main city of Mali.Results from the processing of collected data show a high level of confidence of users in monetary transactions by mobile phone. However, the result shows a general distrust of survey participants to give their personal information to Orange Mali. All these results are interpreted in a dedicated chapter.The present thesis focuses on ten chapters organized into three parts: the first is devoted to the presentation of theoretical concepts on trust, economic and social context. The second part focuses on the analysis, processing and interpretation of data collected on our field survey. And finally, in the third part, we try to put into perspective the results.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Many South African Deaf people use their mobile phones for communication with SMSs yet they would prefer to converse in South African Sign Language. Deaf people with a capital `D' are different from deaf or hard of hearing as they primarily use sign language to communicate. This study explores how to design and evaluate a prototype that will allow a Deaf person using SASL to tell a hearing doctor how s/he is feeling and provide a way for the doctor to respond. A computer{based prototype was designed and evaluated with the Deaf people in a previous study. Results from the user trial of the computer{based mock{up indicated that Deaf users would like to see the prototype on a cell phone. Those user trial results, combined with our own user survey results conducted with Deaf people, are used as requirements. We built a prototype for a mobile phone browser by embedding SASL videos inside XHTML pages using Adobe Flash. The prototype asks medical questions using SASL videos. These questions are arranged in an organized way that helps in identifying a medical problem. The answers to the questions are then displayed in English and shown to the doctor on the phone. A content authoring tool was also designed and implemented. The content authoring tool is used for populating the prototype in a context free manner allowing for plug and play scenarios such as a doctor's office, Department of Home A airs or police station. A focus group consisting of Deaf people was conducted to help in the design and pilot trial of the system. A final user trial was conducted with more than thirty Deaf people and the results are presented and analyzed. Data is collected with questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and video recordings. The results indicate that most of the Deaf people found the system easy to learn, easy to navigate through, did not get lost and understood the sign language in the videos on the mobile phone. The hand gestures and facial expressions on the sign language videos were clear. Most of them indicated they would like to use the system for free, and that the system did not ask too many questions. Most of them were happy with the quality of the sign language videos on the mobile phone and would consider using the system in real life. Finally they felt their private information was safe while using the system. Many South African Deaf people use their mobile phones for communication with SMSs yet they would prefer to converse in South African Sign Language. Deaf people with a capital `D' are different from deaf or hard of hearing as they primarily use sign language to communicate. This study explores how to design and evaluate a prototype that will allow a Deaf person using SASL to tell a hearing doctor how s/he is feeling and provide a way for the doctor to respond. A computer{based prototype was designed and evaluated with the Deaf people in a previous study. Results from the user trial of the computer{based mock{up indicated that Deaf users would like to see the prototype on a cell phone. Those user trial results, combined with our own user survey results conducted with Deaf people, are used as requirements. We built a prototype for a mobile phone browser by embedding SASL videos inside XHTML pages using Adobe Flash. The prototype asks medical questions using SASL videos. These questions are arranged in an organized way that helps in identifying a medical problem. The answers to the questions are then displayed in English and shown to the doctor on the phone. A content authoring tool was also designed and implemented. The content authoring tool is used for populating the prototype in a context free manner allowing for plug and play scenarios such as a doctor's office, Department of Home A airs or police station. A focus group consisting of Deaf people was conducted to help in the design and pilot trial of the system. A final user trial was conducted with more than thirty Deaf people and the results are presented and analyzed. Data is collected with questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and video recordings. The results indicate that most of the Deaf people found the system easy to learn, easy to navigate through, did not get lost and understood the sign language in the videos on the mobile phone. The hand gestures and facial expressions on the sign language videos were clear. Most of them indicated they would like to use the system for free, and that the system did not ask too many questions. Most of them were happy with the quality of the sign language videos on the mobile phone and would consider using the system in real life. Finally they felt their private information was safe while using the system. / South Africa

The Internet has become the dominant medium in the last decade, and increasingly, mobile phone use is a natural part of our lives, and in any age category. Tobacco use is currently very popular, according to the State Health Institute (2018), a total of 25.2% of smokers in the adult population in 2017. The thesis deals with the research carried out in 2018, focusing on the use of mobile phones and the use of tobacco products by members of the Police of the Czech Republic, comparing the use during working hours against use outside of working hours. Data collection was conducted through a standardized questionnaire survey. To determine the use of tobacco, the Cigarettes Scale Questionnaire was used and a Chen Internet Scale Questionnaire was used to determine the use of the mobile phone. In the form of simple, deliberate selection on the basis of possibilities and availability, the members of the Police of the Czech Republic in the Česká Lípa District were included in the research and were included in twelve local offices. The number of respondents involved in the survey was 100 policemen. The data I received from the questionnaires was summed up before the statistical processing and the categorization of the answers was done. The results obtained were rewritten into a table in MS Excel, where they were...