Since the 1970s, music librarians have been discussing the challenges of cataloging music media. In the 1990s, they began work on a Music Thesaurus to provide a multi-faceted approach to indexing, cataloging, and retrieving music media. In 1999 Indiana University proposed a digital music library, to allow for better indexing and retrieval in addition to content-based music retrieval. In 2000, a commercial venture, The Music Genome Project ©, began cataloging sound recordings of popular music by hundreds of musical characteristics and has created a user interface that allows listeners to enter the title and artist of a certain piece of music and receive recommendations for similar music to then purchase via Pandora.com. The following paper will address the question: how might current analyzing and classifying methods be used to provide additional indexing that facilitates retrieval and use of sound recordings by special populations, specifically professionals treating children with Asperger’s syndrome?

Då befolkningen blir allt äldre ökar andelen personer som drabbas av demenssjukdom. Att drabbas av demens innebär att kognitiva funktioner försämras. Kommunikationsproblem och problem med daglig livsföring, personlighetsförändringar, brister i empatisk förmåga och svårigheter att kontrollera känslor kännetecknar sjukdomsbilden. Det är av betydelse att finna icke-farmakologiska behandlingar då medicinering inte ger önskat resultat. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att få ökad kunskap om hur musik påverkar personer med demenssjukdom. Artiklar söktes i databaserna MedLine (via PubMed), Blackwell-synergy samt Cinahl. Detta resulterade i 21 artiklar varav 14 inkluderades efter granskning. Resultatet visade att musik används för att lugna, öka kognitiv förmåga samt öka välbefinnandet hos personer med demenssjukdom. Föreliggande studie påvisade att musik har en positiv inverkan oavsett kognitiv förmåga. Musik är en kostnadseffektiv, icke-farmakologisk behandling som är enkel att implementera. / As the population are getting older the number of people suffering from dementia is increasing. To be diagnosed with dementia means that cognitivie abilities are decreasing. Communication problems, problems with activities in daily living, changes in personality, lack of empathic ability and difficulties in controlling feelings are the characteristics of the disease. There is a need for non-pharmacological treatment when medication does not give the wanted effect. The aim of this literature review was to get an increased knowledge about how music effects elderly persons with dementia. The search of scientific articles was carried out through the databases MedLine (via PubMed), Blackwell-Synergy and Cinahl. The search resulted in 21 articles of which 14 was included in the study result. The result showed that music was used to calm, increase cognitive ability and well-being in persons with dementia. This study showed that music has a positive influence regardless of cognitive ability. It is a costeffective, non-pharmacologic treatment which is easy to implement.

Målet med denna studie var att beskriva mammors upplevelser av babyrytmik och teoretiskt förankra denna beskrivning i ett samhällsinriktat musikterapeutiskt perspektiv. Fem (5) halvstrukturerade djupintervjuer med en medellängd på 45 minuter utfördes under vintern 2012 och analyserades enligt en hermeneutisk förståelseprocess. Mammorna var i medeltal 32 år och högt utbildade.Den gemensamma glädjen i att få sjunga, leka och finnas i musik tillsammans med sitt barn och ha en gemensam hobby värdesätts högt av mammorna som alla prioriterar hobbies med musik. För en stund är det någon annan som tar över ansvaret, en ledare som skapar klara strukturer med musik. Mammorna får slappna av och njuta tillsammans med sina barn. De berättar att babyrytmiken stimulerar till att börja sjunga, sjunga oftare och sjunga längre tid med barnen samt ger dem tillåtelse och inspiration till att privat improvisera och småsjunga hemma tillsammans med sina barn. Att få se sina barn utvecklas socialt, kunna jämföra sitt eget barns utveckling med andra barns och att få vara med som en trygg boj i barnens nyfikna första möten med ett omgivande samhälle är viktiga orsaker till att mammorna deltar och fortsätter delta i babyrytmik.Resultaten tolkades utgående ifrån ett salutogent perspektiv med både anknytningsteoretiska resonemang och ett samhällsinriktat musikterapeutiskt fokus. Babyrytmik som en av barnets första trygga, glädjefyllda kontakt med en omgivande musikalisk tradition tolkades teoretiskt med hjälp av en samhällsinriktad musikterapeutisk modell som beskriver utvecklingen från musik i dyaden, i denna studie mamman och barnet, mot ett musikaliskt samhälle.Konklusionerna av denna studie blir att den teoretiska förståelsen av hur musik kan användas i arbete inom familjer och med föräldrar och barn har all potential att utvecklas. / The aim of this study was to describe mothers ́ experiences of mother-child music groups in the theoretical frameworks of community music therapy. Five (5) semi- structured interviews with a mean duration length of 45 minutes were obtained during winter 2012 and hermeneutically processed. The mothers were highly educated women with a mean age of 32 years.The mothers in the study all prioritise hobbies that include music and they highly appreciate the common joy in singing and playing with their children. The clear structure in both music and created by the leader allows the mothers to fully relax and enjoy the music with their children. The results indicate that the music group activities support the private musical improvisations in the homes. Musical group activities give the mothers opportunities to support their children in one of their first encounters with a musical society and watch the child socially develop.The results were interpreted in a salutogenetic framework, focusing on both attachment theory in a music context and community music therapy. Mother-child music groups were theoretically grasped in this study by a community music therapy model, offering a theoretical explanation to the development from a dyadic relation (mother-child) towards a musical community.The conclusions of this study indicate that the theoretical framework for understanding how music can be used among families and with parents have clear potential to develop.

Musikterapeutisk metodutveckling, av Linn Johnels är en studie inom ramen för Magisterprogrammet i musikpedagogik med profil musik- terapi vid Kungliga Musikhögskolan i Stockholm.Syftet med uppsatsen var att ta fram och utvärdera ett instrument för att kartlägga olika musikrelaterade förmågor hos individer med grav intellektuell funktions- nedsättning. Detta är en eftersatt grupp i musikterapeutisk forskning, trots att det finns indikationer på att musik kan fungera som ett viktigt medel för kommuni- kation, känslouttryck och socialt samspel. Uppsatsen tar sin utgångspunkt främst i den biologisk-dynamiska utvecklingspsykologiska inriktningen av musikterapi. Instrumentet innehåller 43 frågor och kartlägger förmågor inom följande fyra do- mäner: Motorisk/Sensorisk Funktion, Socialt- & emotionellt engagemang, Kog- nition samt Kommunikation.I undersökningen fick fyra musikpedagoger/-terapeuter/-handledare använda in- strumentet med 11 personer ur målgruppen. Resultatet visade att personerna pre- sterade sinsemellan på olika nivåer, och med delvis olika profiler avseende mu- sikrelaterade styrkor och svårigheter. Musikpedagogerna/-terapeuterna/- handledarna menade att instrumentet var användbart, och kom också med värde- fulla synpunkter inför eventuell revidering av instrumentet. Förhoppningen är att instrumentet ska kunna användas för att planera och utvärdera musikterapeutisk verksamhet, samt även potentiellt visa på möjliga processer i musikterapi för målgruppen. / Music therapeutic method development, by Linn Johnels is a study car- ried out within the context of the Master Program in Music Education, profile Music Therapy at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm.The purpose of this paper was to develop and evaluate an instrument to identify various music-related abilities in individuals with severe intellectual disabilities. This is a neglected group in music therapy research, although there are indications that music can serve as an important means of communication, emotional expres- sion and social interaction. The essay is primarily based on the bio-dynamic de- velopmental theory of music therapy. The instrument contains 43 questions andidentify the following four domains: Motor/ Sensory Function; Social & emotion- al engagement; Cognition; and Communication.In the study four music educators/therapists/leaders used the instrument with 11 individuals from the target group. The results showed that the individuals per- formed at different levels, and with somewhat different profiles with regard to music-related strengths and difficulties. The music educators/therapists/leaders generally appeared to find the instrument useful, and also came with valuable feedback for revision of the instrument. It is hoped that the instrument will be used to plan and evaluate music therapy activities, and also potentially show pos- sible processes in music therapy with the target group.

<p>Abstract</p><p>This essay examines which role functional oriented music therapy, which is supposed to help sensorimotor development, can have in schools and in health care. To find this out, research about what kinds of effects exercise can have on academic achievements and in recovery from brain injuries has been brought up. The research concerning academic achievements was conducted with school children; some children without difficulties, some with sensory integration problems, and some with motor skill difficulties. In addition to this, research about the brain structure superior colliculus, which lies behind sensory integration, is also brought up.</p><p>The results showed that children who were given more exercise had significantly better scores in academic skills than the children with normal academic education. Thus, it might be reasonable to practise functional oriented music therapy in schools, both as helping general development, but also for children with different types of difficulties.</p><p>The research concerning exercise and injuries has made clear that the adult brain can change via neurogenesis, plasticity and cortical reorganization. These three aspects are important when practicing a skill or when recovering from an injury. Exercise has been shown to affect these three aspects positively and can therefore also aid the recovery from injuries.</p><p>Thus, there seems to be many theoretical aspects supporting the FMT- method. However, the question is if the results of one treatment form can generalize over such a wide range of injuries and defects that the FMT –adepts usually have. It is therefore also discussed if further experiments on the FMT-method could help make it a more effective tool for rehabilitation.</p>

Thesis (M.Mus.Ther.)--New Zealand School of Music, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

published_or_final_version / Music / Master / Master of Philosophy

Nancy Hermiston is examining the links between music cognition and improved learning development through one of the most complicated art forms.

Muzikos terapija – tai paslauga klientui, bendradarbiavimas naudojant muziką, įvairias muzikines veiksenas bei susikuriančius tarpusavio ryšius, siekiant palaikyti pagyvenusių ir senų žmonių sveikatingumą ir gyvenimo kokybę. Darbo tikslas - muzikos terapijos metodų taikymo socialiniame darbe su pagyvenusiais ir senais žmonėmis tyrimas. Darbo uždaviniai – 1) atskleisti pagyvenusių ir senų žmonių problemas; 2) apžvelgti socialinio darbo ypatumus su pagyvenusiais ir senais žmonėmis; 3) išanalizuoti gerontologinės / geriatrinės muzikos terapijos taikymo praktiką; 4) ištirti pagyvenusių ir senų žmonių gyvenimo kokybės pokyčio tendencijas, taikant muzikos terapijos metodus socialinio darbo kontekste. Siekiant atskleisti muzikos terapijos metodų taikymo reikšmę pagyvenusių ir senų žmonių gyvenimo kokybei, buvo atlikta literatūros analizė ir empirinis tyrimas. Pasirinktas tyrimo metodas – aprašomasis kokybinis, kuriuo siekiama įvairiapusiškai pažinti ir aprašyti unikalią žmonių patirtį ir pamatyti tikroviškesnį vaizdą apie muzikos terapijos metodų taikymo galimybes socialiniame darbe su pagyvenusiais ir senais žmonėmis, siekiant geresnės gyvenimo kokybės. Duomenims rinkti naudotas pusiau struktūruoto interviu metodas. Tyrime dalyvavo 8 senelių globos namų gyventojai, kurie daugiau nei metus lanko muzikos terapijos užsiėmimus. Tyrimo analizės metu paaiškėjo, kad iš keturių pagrindinių muzikos terapijos metodų – dainavimo, muzikos komponavimo, muzikinės improvizacijos ir muzikos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Music therapy is a service for a customer, a communication by using music, different musical activities and created interactive contacts in order to maintain health and life quality of elderly people. The aim of this work is to research use of methods of musical therapy in social work with elderly people. The tasks of the work are: 1) to reveal problems of elderly people; 2) to review peculiarities of social work with elderly people; 3) to analyze the practice of the application of gerontologic/geriatric musical therapy; 4) to research the tendencies of changing of life quality of elderly people by using methods of music therapy in the context of social work. Seeking to show the meaning of application of music therapy for elderly people, the analysis of literature and the empiric research has been done. A chosen method of the research is a descriptive qualitative method. This method is used in order to know and to describe a unique experience of elderly people and to see a more realistic view of possibilities of using methods of music therapy in social work with elderly people. For the accumulation of data the structured interview method has been used. The eight members of a nursing home, who more then a year have been participating in music therapy, were involver in the research. During the research analysis it came clear that out of four methods of music therapy – singing, music composition, music improvisation and listening to the music – the singing is more adequate... [to full text]

Siekiant sėkmingai taikyti muzikos terapiją, joje naudojamas veiklas ir metodusbūtina kruopščiai parinkti ir pritaikyti klientų poreikiams. Tyrimas atskleidžia kurios muzikos terapijos veiklos tinka Gerantologijos centre gyvenantiems žmonėms. Darbo tikslas – parinkti neformaliai muzikos terapijai tinkamas muzikines veiklas, įvertinti jų tinkamumą pagyvenusiems žmonėms ir jas išbandyti praktikoje, tiriant jų efektyvumą konkrečioje situacijoje. Uždaviniai: 1) Apžvelgti mokslinę literatūrą, atskleidžiančią pagrindinius MT principus bei analogiškų tyrimų patirtį pasaulyje. 2) Išanalizuoti muzikos terapeutų rekomenduojamus metodus ir priemones. 3) Remiantis profesionalių muzikos terapeutų sukurtais ir taikytais metodais, pasiūlyti muzikines veiklas, naujus metodus ir pedagogines priemones tinkamas pagyvenusiems žmonėms. 4) Pagyvenusiems žmonėms taikyti įvairias rekomenduojamas muzikines veiklas ir tirti įvairius tos veiklos komponentus bei poveikius. Tyrimas pradėtas nuo literatūros šaltinių analizės. Išanalizuoti pasaulio mokslininkų atlikti muzikos terapijos tyrimo rezultatai, patvirtinantys muzikos terapijos veiksmingumą daugelio senatvinių ar pagyvenusiems žmonėms būdingų ligų gydymui. Tyrimų aprašymuose minimos pasiteisinusios muzikinės veiklos. Atlikto tyrimo apraše pateikiama tyrimo eiga, pristatomos tyrimo metu naujai sukurtos ir papildomai ištirtos muzikinės veiklos. Apibendrinus tyrėjo ir tyrimą stebėjusio medicininio personalo pastebėjimus nustatyta, kad Gerentologijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In order to apply music therapy successfully, it is necessary to carefully select and apply activities and methods to the needs of the patients. The research will reveal which musical therapy activities are appropriate to the elderly patients of Geriatric center. Study goal is to elect relevant music therapy activities for informal music therapy, to evaluate their suitability for elderly people and to try those activities in practice while studying their effectiveness in each situation. Tasks are: 1) To review scientific literature while revealing the main music therapy principles and analogical research experience in the world. 2) To analyse recomended methods and measures. 3) To offer music activities, new methods, and pedagogical measures for elderly people based on created and applyed methods by professional music therapists. 4) To apply various recomended activities for elderly people and to research different components and effects. The research was started by analysing scientific resources. Musical therapy results, presented by world scientists, were analysed and they confirm this music therapy effectiveness for the treatment of the majority deseases common for elderly population. Research focused on the most effective music therapies. The study described the research process and presented new and additionally developed musical therapies. Using date observed by researcher and medical staff it is confimed that for the patients in Geriatric Center the most effective... [to full text]