Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University

Considering the significance of the Net Assessment in defining our national military strategic blueprint and operational processes, the objective of this research is to find out how to utilize Net Assessment to effectively develop the national defense strategy and to sufficiently elevate the integrated military capability for the demands in future wars. The United States initiated the Net Assessment development in the 1970¡¦s. Net Assessment is the comparative analysis of military, technological, political, economic, and other factors governing the relative military capability of the nations. Net Assessment is used by the US Department of Defense primarily as a long term planning tool based on analysis in the competitiveness of its rival countries, and in the balance of military might. The Net Assessment provides top executives a strategic plan that corresponds to the internationally scoped situations. By taking the advantages in the resources and capabilities of the nation, this creates opportunities to fend off the emerging or future threats while improving over the deficiencies, and thus forms the strategic directions for the subsystems such as politics, economics, psychology, military, sciences and technologies. In the course of military strategic planning, the Net Assessment can be considered as the SWOT analysis technique used in the industry, that it is an essential topic for the strategic analysis for national security. We studied the Net Assessment primarily in the scope of the national defense strategic planning. We explored the implications of the Net Assessment and its roles in the United States strategic planning through literature researches. By examining the Net Assessment in the aspects of the strategic management theories and the establishment of its processes, this revealed the relationship between the Net Assessment and the national defense strategic planning and its applications. Through the analytical studies and consolidation, one could effectively handle the analysis procedures and operations for the Net Assessment. This will fully assist the executives to understand objectively the prospect in a comprehensive and long-term view and the critical elements in the problems. While fully utilizing the functions of organizational mechanisms and operations, one could create advantageous corroborative conditions and develop defense strategies that are accurate from global vantage point such that the national security can be ultimately assured in this steadily competitive and highly variable environment.

In the wake of changes in international politics and military situations, considerations for global and regional security have changed accordingly, and the nature of factors leading to conflicts and possible threat forms have also changed constantly. Amid in such new situations of global strategy, we should also view the security threats faced by Taiwan and national strategies of Taiwan from more broad perspectives and make necessary changes to them. Lien Chan, chairman of Kuomingtang, and James Soong, chairman of People First Party, visited China in late April 2005 and early May 2005 repectively, and talked with leaders of China and reached some points of consensus with them. However, China has still retained its policy to invade Taiwan with military forces and is still suffocating the survival space of Taiwan in international arena. China has adopted a measure ¡§political opposition, military confrontation,¡¨ which has proved the most serious threat to national security of Taiwan. Taking the role of world cop and in consideration of her interests in East Asia, the United States has deeply got involved in the peace and military security policies or actions in the Taiwan Strait. Taiwan¡¦s political and economic situations and revolution in military affairs (RMA) have been constrained, intangibly and substantively, by China and the United States. It is natural for most Taiwanese people to think that Taiwan¡¦s budgets for defense and military construction will be more or less influenced by major political incidents that involve the United States, China, and Taiwan. In recent years, Taiwan has been an open society and people have been eager to speak out. The immense budgets of units of the Ministry of National Defense and secret examinations of confidential budgets have indirectly caused insufficient needs of Taiwanese people for the cognition of the budget structure for national defense. This discourse tries to investigate how China¡¦s policy of propaganda attacks and military threats to Taiwan, announcements of national security policies of the United States and China that have to do with Taiwan, and the delicate changes in major political events in Taiwan have influcenced the budgeting of Taiwan¡¦s national defense in recent ten years.

No description available.

「全民國防」不僅是一種戰略、一種公民教育，也是全方位、全民參與及全民防衛的國防，從國家安全共識的整合、戰略文化的建立，均有賴全民國防理念的推廣。我國全民國防的實施，在執行架構上具有三個核心，即以憲政建設為基礎、以經濟建設為後盾、以心理建設為動力；此外，我國全民國防具備五個特色：一、從「人」來看：沒有軍人與非軍人的區別；二、從「事」來看：沒有戰爭與非戰爭的區別；三、從「時」來看：沒有戰時與非戰時的區別；四、從「地」來看：沒有戰場與非戰場的區別；五、從「物」來看：沒有武器與非武器的區別。結合以上全民國防三個核心觀念及特色，即能建構共同的全民國防意識。 作為一個以「國家安全」為主體的國防通識教育，面臨國際情勢的變遷及中共的武力威脅，勢必需要有一個新的面貌呈現。全民國防戰略層次中之國防通識教育，旨在培養兼具國防共識與國防知能的「國防人」，且要能結合學校的學術發展，配合各項國家安全需要，充實國防力量，完成全民國防之理想。從國防通識教育與國家安全、全民精神總動員、國防人力資源的建構、國防科技等層面，我們了解國防通識教育在國家總體戰略上的重要性；由國防通識教育落實全民國防理念、培育學校學生品德教育、精神教育及學校「青年動員服勤計畫」的推展執行，不難發現國防通識教育在「全民國防」中扮演的角色與功能。 / “National Defense for All the People” is not only a strategy, a kind of civic education, but also one which requires the participation and defense of all the people. The promotion of national defense concept is what matters the most from the conformity of national security recognition to the establishment of strategic culture. The implementation of national defense in our country has three cores on the execution construction: the constitutional construction as the foundation, the economic development as the backup, and the psychological construction as the power. In addition, there are five characteristics in our country’s national defense: 1.From "the people" – It does not have the difference between soldiers and non-soldiers. 2.From "the matter" – It does not have the difference between war and non-war. 3.From "the time" – It does not have the difference between wartime and non-wartime. 4.From "the place" – It does not have the difference between battlefield and non-battlefield. 5.From "the object" – It does not have the difference between weapon and non-weapon. If we combine the three cores and the characteristics of our national defense, we can construct the national defense consciousness among all people. As a general education in national defense based on national security, in the face of international circumstance vicissitude and Chinese Communist Party's threat in force, it inevitably will need some new appearance to be presented. The general education in national defense in terms of national defense strategy level is to cultivate the “National Defense People,” who possess both national defense recognition and national defense knowledge in addition to uniting the academic development in the schools, coordinating every need of national security, fulfilling the capability in national defense, and completing the ideal of national defense for all people. From the dimensions of constructing general education in national defense with national security, total mobilization of all the people, construction of the national defense human resources, and national defense science and technology, we realize the importance of general education in national defense in terms of our national overall strategy. The role and function of the general education in national defense performed in "national defense for all the people" are not hard to find among the realization of the general education for all the people, the cultivation of school students’ moral education and character guidance, along with the promotion and execution of “Service and Mobilization of the Youth.”

全民國防是21世紀世界各國國防發展的主軸，也是檢驗一個國家一旦面臨外患時，能否經得起戰爭考驗的必要機制。國防建設與發展一向是走在國家建設事務之先，因此，愈是先進的國家，愈是重視國防建設；愈是面臨戰爭與生存威脅的國家，「全民國防」的共識與行動愈顯重要。本文旨在探討中國民國《全民國防教育法》立法的動機與過程，以及其正式施行迄今，在整體執行規劃與成效是否尚有精進或強化之空間，並就研究心得，提出後續規劃修法建議，期使「全民國防教育」之推展更臻完善，以建立其國人具有全民防衛意識的國防認知與決心，維護國家安全。 / All-out defense is the core development of national in 21st century for countries throughout the world. It is also an essential mechanism to examine whether a country can stand up to war while facing intruding enemies. Construction and development of national defense usually precede the affairs of domestic construction. Therefore, the more advanced a country is, the more they will value the construction of national defense; the more a country is threatened by war and survival, the more important it becomes to have the consensus and acts of national defense. The objective of the paper aims to discuss the legislative motive and process of all-out defense education of the Republic of China. It addresses whether there is space for advancing or strengthening in executive planning and effectiveness as a whole. The research outcome suggests the revision of subsequent planning which expects to promote better development of all-out defense education and thereby civilians build the awareness and determination of national defense in support of maintaining national security.

Environmental sustainability in regards to infrastructure and the built environment is a significant consideration for the Department of National Defence (DND). As the 2nd largest landowner in Canada, the DND is making great efforts to operate in a sustainable manner through the creation and implementation of sustainable building policies. Meeting the green/sustainable buildings requirements of the recent Federal Sustainable Development Strategy, and the 2006 DND Sustainable Development Strategy to achieve accreditation within generic green building systems, has proven to be extremely challenging given the mandate and the nature of Canadian Forces (CF) operations, both domestically and overseas. This line of research was conducted in order to identify the unique requirements and the sustainability factors/criteria that are applicable to the CF / DND and to investigate how to best align these requirements within the context of sustainable development strategies. Input data was obtained through an analysis of literature and relevant documents, as well as a series of interviews with individuals at all levels within the Federal Government. The result of this research undertaking was, in part, the creation of a Sustainable Development for DND based on a thorough, comprehensive and internationally-investigated factor selection process. These results illustrate the importance for the DND to consider implementing a department-specific sustainable building strategy; one that is more representative of the unique type of infrastructure DND owns and operates. The results of such an investigation can surely be used to assist with best practices and strategic policies within DND and to potentially influence policies at the Federal level of governance in this regard. The ultimate goal of this thesis was to establish the policy framework with a view for DND to develop and implement its own unique Sustainability Standard. / Thesis (Master, Environmental Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-11-29 14:21:37.63

A tese analisa o pensamento dos militares sobre a Amazônia brasileira e a escolha das estratégias das Forças Armadas para defender a região, dando uma especial atenção às modalidades de sua presença na área. A pesquisa mostra que a identificação da Amazônia como prioridade estratégica das Forças Armadas não se deve apenas a uma reconfiguração dos interesses estatais em matéria de segurança e defesa. A importância atribuída à região amazônica pelos militares resulta de uma intrincada relação entre interesses e elementos simbólicos. O primeiro capítulo apresenta o debate acadêmico entre neorealistas, organizativistas e construtivistas sobre o que determina a adoção de uma doutrina militar por um Estado. O segundo capítulo analisa o discurso dos militares sobre a região amazônica e as transformações deste discurso ao longo das duas últimas décadas, dando especial atenção ao discurso do Exército. O terceiro capítulo examina a presença do Exército na Amazônia e as estratégias militares elaboradas para defendê-la. O quarto capítulo trata das percepções da Força Aérea e da Marinha sobre os problemas de Defesa Nacional na Amazônia. E o quinto capítulo aborda a percepção dos formuladores de política civis sobre a problemática amazônica e as medidas adotadas para incrementar a defesa militar da região. A principal fonte de pesquisa desta tese é a bibliografia militar, composta por discursos, entrevistas, documentos doutrinários, revistas, livros de memórias, e monografias de final de curso das Escolas de Comando e Estado- Maior das Forças Armadas. Para a elaboração desta pesquisa também foi consultada uma bibliografia acadêmica que trata das relações entre os civis e os militares no Brasil, de sociologia militar, e de relações internacionais. Ademais, foram consultados documentos parlamentares, como os anais da Câmara de Deputados e do Senado Federal, assim como os arquivos eletrônicos disponíveis na internet referentes aos partidos políticos brasileiros, aos Ministérios das Relações Exteriores, e da Defesa. / This thesis analyzes the Brazilian Armed Forces strategic thought about the Amazon and the military presence in the region. It shows that the identification of the Amazon as a strategic priority to Brazilian military is not due only to a reconfiguration of state security and defense interests. The importance given to the region by the military service derives from a framework of interests and symbolical elements. The first chapter presents the academic debate among neorealism, organization theory and constructivism about the origins of military doctrine. The second chapter analyzes the military discourse about the Amazon and its changes over the last two decades, giving special attention to the Army. The third chapter focuses the Army presence in the Amazon and the military strategies to its defense. The fourth chapter deals with the Navy and the Air Force perceptions on the Amazon security problems. The fifth chapter presents the civilian perceptions on the Amazon problem and the policies adopted in order to increase the military defense of the region. The main source of this research is the Armed Forces bibliography, which is composed by speeches, interviews, doctrinaire documents, military magazines, memory books and Military Academies degree monographies. An academic bibliography dealing with civil-military relations in Brazil, military sociology and international relations was also adopted. Besides, the thesis dealt with parliamentary documents (as the Proceeding of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Federal Senate), as well as internet electronic archives referring to political parties, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Defense.

Thesis advisor: Seth Jacobs / The 1950s and early 1960s witnessed a dawning awareness throughout many sectors of American society that women were good for more than simply bearing children and tending house. The threat of communism, epitomized by the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik in 1957, created extreme anxiety in the United States, an anxiety that manifested itself in two contradictory fashions. First, American women learned that the nation's best defense against communism began in the home, which was decidedly women's domain. The second message that American women received during this time is unquestionably the lesser known. The federal government and much of American society identified women as an untapped resource in national defense, a source of innovation and advancement in science and technology, thereby implying that with the help of American women, the United States could match Soviet achievements in these fields. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2005. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

A presente tese tem o objetivo de analisar o processo de consolidação da indústria aeronáutica brasileira a partir de três possibilidades de geração de tecnologia para produtos ou processos: o criar, o copiar e o comprar pronto. O \"criar\" significa aqui a opção de desenvolver tecnologias próprias, autóctones, geradas em instituições ou empresas do próprio país e utilizadas em projetos e programas próprios, que garantam, ou possam garantir soberania econômica, política, estratégica. Para o desenvolvimento desse tipo de tecnologia de produtos e/ou processos é fundamental formar pessoal, formar grupos que dêem sustentação aos processos. O \"criar\" também é influenciado por fatores relacionados aos interesses dos países mais ricos. O \"copiar\" envolve uma forma de produzir que o Brasil já tinha experimentado na indústria de construção aeronáutica, com o exemplo das fábricas de aviões criadas pelo governo, na primeira metade do século XX, que produziam \"sob licença\", mas é uma forma de produzir que o Brasil já experimentava também em outras indústrias que demandam alguma \"tecnologia\". Muitas vezes, \"copiar\" está associado às \"caixas pretas\", sendo que, nesse caso o país não é o dono da \"caixa preta\". Esse tipo de produção pode ser interessante para países que não almejam um real desenvolvimento tecnológico e que servem como base de produção por possuírem mão-de-obra barata, ou incentivos fiscais, ou matéria-prima abundante, ou todas as condições juntas. Finalmente o \"comprar pronto\", é sempre a opção mais rápida, mais imediata, aquela a ser tomada por qualquer país, instituição, empresa ou grupo que não pode esperar por nenhuma das anteriores. É também a opção que deixará o país, instituição, empresa ou grupo mais empobrecido, do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento tecnológico. Pois estará adquirindo um \"produto\", seja ele um bem ou um processo do qual, uma vez cumprida sua função, seu tempo de uso, não restará nada. No caso específico da indústria aeronáutica, o objetivo é investigar e analisar a motivação, as propostas, as decisões, o planejamento, os encaminhamentos e os 12 resultados do projeto de reconstrução da indústria aeronáutica brasileira promovida por um grupo de militares da Aeronáutica, a partir da criação do Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, em 1950 e do Centro Técnico de Aeronáutica, em 1953. O termo \"reconstrução\" é utilizado porque a indústria de construção aeronáutica no Brasil é mais antiga do que esse projeto e, embora as iniciativas anteriores não tenham obtido o mesmo sucesso da EMBRAER, algumas delas já tinham sido incluídas em planejamentos de desenvolvimento nacional. Assim, nesta análise o sucesso da Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica, criada em 1969, pode ser compreendido dentro do projeto modernizador das Forças Armadas e da construção do projeto do Brasil Potência, o que justificaria os investimentos governamentais no financiamento da criação e manutenção da empresa, sem os quais sua viabilização e sucesso não seriam possíveis. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the process of the Brazilian aeronautical industry consolidation out of three perspectives of generating technology for products or processes: creating, copying and buying readymade. \"Creating\" means the choice of developing proper technologies, and \"made in the country\" by national institutions or companies which are used in internal projects and programs that may ensure economic, political and strategic sovereignty. For the development of this type of product and/or process technology, the formation of appropriate personal is basic to create groups that give support for these processes. \"Creating\" is also influenced by factors related to the interests of the richest countries. \"Copying\" means a well-known formula of production that Brazil had already tried in the aeronautical industry construction. As an example, the industry of airplanes created by the government in the first half of the 20th century produced them \"under license\". In addition, it was a form of production that Brazil also tried in some other industries which demanded some \"technology\". Due to the lack of the scientific domain of the \"black boxes\", the countries that are not the technology owner have to bear the disadvantages of \"copying\". This type of production may be interesting for countries that do not have real technological development and serve only as a production base because of their low manpower cost, tax incentives, abundant raw material or all of them together. Finally, \"buying readymade\" is always the fastest and the most immediate choice that can be taken by any country, institution, company or group that cannot wait for any of the two previous perspectives. It is also the option that will contribute more rapidly for the technological impoverishment, considering that the institution acquires some \"product\", either a property or a process, and after its use, nothing of it will remain. In the specific case of the aeronautics industry, the aim is to investigate and to analyze 14 the motivation, the proposals, the decisions, the planning and the results of the reconstruction of Brazilian industry, implemented by an Air Force military group, after the creation of the Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA), in 1950 and the Aeroespace Technical Center (CTA), in 1953. The term \"reconstruction\" is employed because the Brazilian aeronautics industry in Brazil is older than this project and, although previous initiatives did not achieve the same success as EMBRAER, some of them had already been included in the national development program. From this point of view, the success of EMBRAER, created in 1969, can be included in the modernizing project of the Armed Forces and in the construction of a \"Brazilian Power\". This idea could justify the governmental investments in the creation and maintenance of an industry, without which its viability and success would not be possible.