Optimal operation of plants is becoming more important due to increasing competition and small and changing profit margins for many products. One major reason has been the realization by industry that potentially large savings can be achieved by improving processes. Growth rates and profitability are much lower now, and international competition has increased greatly. The industry is faced with a need to manufacture quality products, while minimizing production costs and complying with a variety of safety and environmental regulations. As industry is confronted with the challenge of moving toward a clearer and more sustainable path of production, new technologies are needed to achieve industrial requirements. In this research, a new methodology is proposed to integrate so-called new technologies into existing processes. Research shows that the new technologies must be carefully selected and adopted to match the complex requirements of an existing process. The new proposed methodology is based on four major steps. If the improvement in the process is not sufficient to meet business needs, new technologies can be considered. Application of a new technology is always perceived as a potential threat; therefore, financial risk assessment and reliability risk analysis help alleviate risk of investment. An industrial case study from the literature was selected to implement and validate the new methodology. The case study is a planning problem to plan the layout or design of a fleet of generating stations owned and operated by the electric utility company, Ontario Power Generation (OPG). The impact of new technology integration on the performance of a power grid consisting of a variety of power generation plants was evaluated. The reduction in carbon emissions is projected to be accomplished through a combination of fuel switching, fuel balancing and switching to new technologies: carbon capture and sequestration. The fuel-balancing technique is used to decrease carbon emissions by adjusting the operation of the fleet of existing electricity-generating stations; the technique of fuel-switching involves switching from carbon-intensive fuels to less carbon-intensive fuels, for instance, switching from coal to natural gas; carbon capture and sequestration are applied to meet carbon emission reduction requirements. Existing power plants with existing technologies consist of fossil fuel stations, nuclear stations, hydroelectric stations, wind power stations, pulverized coal stations and a natural gas combined cycle, while hypothesized power plants with new technologies include solar stations, wind power stations, pulverized coal stations, a natural gas combined cycle and an integrated gasification combined cycle with and without capture and sequestration. The proposed methodology includes financial risk management in the framework of a two stage stochastic programme for energy planning under uncertainty: demands and fuel price. A deterministic mixed integer linear programming formulation is extended to a two-stage stochastic programming model in order to take into account random parameters, which have discrete and finite probabilistic distributions. Thus, the expected value of the total costs of power generation is minimized, while the objective of carbon emission reduction is achieved. Furthermore, conditional value at risk (CVaR), a most preferable risk measure in the financial risk management, is incorporated within the framework of two-stage mixed integer programming. The mathematical formulation, which is called mean-risk model, is applied for the purpose of minimizing expected value. The process is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming model, implemented in GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) and solved using the CPLEX algorithm, a commercial solver embedded in GAMS. The computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new methodology. The optimization model is applied to an existing Ontario Power Generation (OPG) fleet. Four planning scenarios are considered: a base load demand, a 1.0% growth rate in demand, a 5.0% growth rate in demand, a 10% growth rate in demand and a 20% growth rate in demand. A sensitivity analysis study is accomplished in order to investigate the effect of parameter uncertainties, such as uncertain factors on coal price and natural gas price. The optimization results demonstrate how to achieve the carbon emission mitigation goal with and without new technologies, while minimizing costs affects the configuration of the OPG fleet in terms of generation mix, capacity mix and optimal configuration. The selected new technologies are assessed in order to determine the risks of investment. Electricity costs with new technologies are lower than with the existing technologies. 60% CO2 reduction can be achieved at 20% growth in base load demand with new technologies. The total cost of electricity increases as we increase CO2 reduction or increase electricity demand. However, there is no significant change in CO2 reduction cost when CO2 reduction increases with new technologies. Total cost of electricity increases when fuel price increases. The total cost of electricity increases with financial risk management in order to lower the risk. Therefore, more electricity is produced for the industry to be on the safe side.

We have in this study preformed a quantitative examination on how hooligans use film and new technologies to spread private videos on the Internet. With today´s technologies it is very easy for hooligans to publish their videos. In this study, we have choosen to do a questionnaire poll based on seven questions about what people think of hooliganviolence on online video sharing sites. We have also conducted an online interview with a former swedish hooligan. The people who participated in our study are all anonymous, and therefore we have no age or gender included in our study. Most of the videos discussed here are used as entertainment, according to their publishers/viewers, but also as a method of advertising the supporterclubs of different teams. Following our study we can conclude that new technologies have a huge importance for the spread of these videos.

Optimal operation of plants is becoming more important due to increasing competition and small and changing profit margins for many products. One major reason has been the realization by industry that potentially large savings can be achieved by improving processes. Growth rates and profitability are much lower now, and international competition has increased greatly. The industry is faced with a need to manufacture quality products, while minimizing production costs and complying with a variety of safety and environmental regulations. As industry is confronted with the challenge of moving toward a clearer and more sustainable path of production, new technologies are needed to achieve industrial requirements. In this research, a new methodology is proposed to integrate so-called new technologies into existing processes. Research shows that the new technologies must be carefully selected and adopted to match the complex requirements of an existing process. The new proposed methodology is based on four major steps. If the improvement in the process is not sufficient to meet business needs, new technologies can be considered. Application of a new technology is always perceived as a potential threat; therefore, financial risk assessment and reliability risk analysis help alleviate risk of investment. An industrial case study from the literature was selected to implement and validate the new methodology. The case study is a planning problem to plan the layout or design of a fleet of generating stations owned and operated by the electric utility company, Ontario Power Generation (OPG). The impact of new technology integration on the performance of a power grid consisting of a variety of power generation plants was evaluated. The reduction in carbon emissions is projected to be accomplished through a combination of fuel switching, fuel balancing and switching to new technologies: carbon capture and sequestration. The fuel-balancing technique is used to decrease carbon emissions by adjusting the operation of the fleet of existing electricity-generating stations; the technique of fuel-switching involves switching from carbon-intensive fuels to less carbon-intensive fuels, for instance, switching from coal to natural gas; carbon capture and sequestration are applied to meet carbon emission reduction requirements. Existing power plants with existing technologies consist of fossil fuel stations, nuclear stations, hydroelectric stations, wind power stations, pulverized coal stations and a natural gas combined cycle, while hypothesized power plants with new technologies include solar stations, wind power stations, pulverized coal stations, a natural gas combined cycle and an integrated gasification combined cycle with and without capture and sequestration. The proposed methodology includes financial risk management in the framework of a two stage stochastic programme for energy planning under uncertainty: demands and fuel price. A deterministic mixed integer linear programming formulation is extended to a two-stage stochastic programming model in order to take into account random parameters, which have discrete and finite probabilistic distributions. Thus, the expected value of the total costs of power generation is minimized, while the objective of carbon emission reduction is achieved. Furthermore, conditional value at risk (CVaR), a most preferable risk measure in the financial risk management, is incorporated within the framework of two-stage mixed integer programming. The mathematical formulation, which is called mean-risk model, is applied for the purpose of minimizing expected value. The process is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming model, implemented in GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) and solved using the CPLEX algorithm, a commercial solver embedded in GAMS. The computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new methodology. The optimization model is applied to an existing Ontario Power Generation (OPG) fleet. Four planning scenarios are considered: a base load demand, a 1.0% growth rate in demand, a 5.0% growth rate in demand, a 10% growth rate in demand and a 20% growth rate in demand. A sensitivity analysis study is accomplished in order to investigate the effect of parameter uncertainties, such as uncertain factors on coal price and natural gas price. The optimization results demonstrate how to achieve the carbon emission mitigation goal with and without new technologies, while minimizing costs affects the configuration of the OPG fleet in terms of generation mix, capacity mix and optimal configuration. The selected new technologies are assessed in order to determine the risks of investment. Electricity costs with new technologies are lower than with the existing technologies. 60% CO2 reduction can be achieved at 20% growth in base load demand with new technologies. The total cost of electricity increases as we increase CO2 reduction or increase electricity demand. However, there is no significant change in CO2 reduction cost when CO2 reduction increases with new technologies. Total cost of electricity increases when fuel price increases. The total cost of electricity increases with financial risk management in order to lower the risk. Therefore, more electricity is produced for the industry to be on the safe side.

This dissertation investigated the bottom-up technology transmission process in a country with varied levels of technology diffusion, such as Chile. In particular, I explored how children act as technology brokers within their families by influencing their parents' adoption of and learning about digital media, so as to include older generations in the digital environment. In order to do this, I measured to what extent this process occurs, I proposed a typology of factors that intervene in the process and analyzed the outcomes variables related to the phenomenon. Methodologically, I used a mixed-methods research approach by combining in-depth interviews with a self-administered paper-and-pencil survey taken by dyads of one parent and one child. I analyzed 28 interviews involving one 12 to 18-year-old child and one parent or legal guardian (14 dyads) stratified by socioeconomic background, age, and gender. In addition, I conducted the parent-child survey among school-aged children and their parents in three schools, stratified by socioeconomic status. One class per cohort from 7th to 11th grades was randomly surveyed. In total, 381 students and 251 parents completed the surveys. The analyses showed that bottom-up technology transmission occurs at some degree for all the technologies investigated in this study. However, children's influence should not be overstated because they play only one part among a number of factors involved in the digital inclusion of older generations. It also established a typology of factors related to the process at different levels, including structural influences, family structure, strategies employed by youth, and psychological dispositions of parents. Specifically, the analyses consistently found that this process was more likely to occur among people from a lower socioeconomic status. Also, the transmission was associated with more fluid parent-child interactions and occurred among parents who perceived the technology to be useful. Regarding the outcome variables, it demonstrated that this phenomenon is linked, although weakly, to greater levels of perceived competence among parents and higher esteem among young people. Finally, it suggested that bottom-up technology transmission is associated with the reduction of some socioeconomic gaps in digital media use. / text

Naujųjų technologijų teisės magistro baigiamojo darbo temos aktualumas ir naujumas susijęs su besikeičiančiomis televizijos transliavimo technologijomis ir visuotiniu analoginės antžeminės televizijos išjungimu Lietuvoje ir Europos Sąjungoje. Privalomo televizijos retransliavimo elektroniniais ryšių tinklais, kitaip vadinamu „must carry“, modelis įvestas esant analoginei televizijai. Besikeičiančios technologijos verčia analizuoti teisinį reguliavimą ir ieškoti galimų geresnio ir efektyvesnio reguliavimo modelio. Skaitmeninės televizijos privalomo retransliavimo instituto svarba atskleidžiama nagrinėjant technologinę skaitmeninės televizijos pusę, pasitelkiant technologinių mokslų žinias. Išryškinami skirtumai nuo analoginės televizijos. Analizuojama privalomo retransliavimo instituto atsiradimo priežastys, aplinka, atskleidžiami instituto tikslai. Taip pat identifikuojamos transliavimo, retransliavimo, signalų siuntimo sąvokos. Analizuojant privalomo skaitmeninės televizijos retransliavimo elektroniniais ryšių tinklais teisinį reguliavimą Europos Sąjungoje pasitelkiamas loginis bei teleologinis metodai. Analizuojama Universaliųjų paslaugų direktyva, kurios 31 straipsnyje įtvirtintas privalomo televizijos retransliavimo principas. Detaliau nagrinėjama Austrijos, Vokietijos, Didžiosios Britanijos privalomo televizijos retransliavimo teisinis reguliavimas. Privalomo televizijos retransliavimo teisinis reguliavimas Lietuvoje analizuojamas nuo jo ištakų – Konstitucijoje saugomų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The relevance and the novelty of the Master’s Work in New Technologies Law related to changing technology of television broadcasting and to universal analogue television turn-off in Lithuania and European Union. Television mandatory retransmission in electronic communications networks model, also called “must carry”, was created to analogue television. Changing technologies cause to analyze legal regulation and seek to create better and effective model of “must carry” regulation. Importance of the institute of digital television mandatory retransmission disclosed the analysis of digital television technology, using the knowledge of technologies science. There are highlighted differences between digital and analogue televisions. There are made analyzes of digital television mandatory retransmission establishing reasons and environment, made disclosure of the objectives of the “must carry” institute. There are also identified terms of broadcasting, retransmission, signal transporting. There are using logical ant theological methods to analyze digital television mandatory retransmission in European Union and Lithuania. In this work there is analyzed Universal Service Directive, which have “must carry” rule in 31 article. Detailed analyze made for Austrian, German, Great Britain legal regulation of digital television mandatory retransmission. Legal regulation of television mandatory retransmission in Lithuania is analyzed from the first source – from the Constitution. Comparative... [to full text]

Le droit de l’OHADA face au commerce électronique est une réflexion épistémologique sur les questions juridiques que posent les transactions électroniques au sein des pays de l’Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires (OHADA). Plus précisément, cette réflexion est une prospective sur l’encadrement juridique du commerce électronique par l’OHADA à partir des expériences menées notamment en Amérique du Nord (Canada-Québec) et en Europe. Les nouvelles technologies de l’information posent en Afrique comme elles l’ont fait ailleurs des défis au droit. Plusieurs initiatives régionales et nationales ont vu le jour au cours des dernières années pour relever ces défis. Seulement, le caractère hétérogène des législations mises en place est à même d’altérer la sécurité juridique régionale tant recherchée par l’organisation. Prenant appui sur la théorie de la circulation des modèles juridiques, cette thèse propose une véritable harmonisation dans le cadre de l’OHADA. Harmonisation qui veillera à prendre en compte les « spécificités africaines » tout en faisant de la Cour commune de Justice et d’Arbitrage (CCJA) d’Abidjan la plus haute juridiction communautaire en matière de commerce électronique. / Le droit de l’OHADA face au commerce électronique (OHADA law pertaining to e-commerce) is an epistemological reflection on the legal issues raised by e-trade conducted among members of the Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). This forward looking analysis of the organization’s legal framework governing e commerce draws upon relevant experiments carried out notably in North America (Canada-Québec) and Europe. In Africa, as elsewhere, the new information technologies pose certain legal challenges. During the past several years, various regional and national initiatives have addressed these challenges. However, the heterogeneous nature of the different laws implemented impairs the regional-level legal security sought by OHADA. Building on legal transplant, this dissertation proposes, within the context of OHADA, a true harmonization that will ensure that “African specificities” are taken into account while making the Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (CCJA) in Abidjan the highest community jurisdiction in matters of e-commerce.

This article considers the impact of new technologies on the adolescent experience of live, literary theatre. Drawing together the work of theorists in literacies, new technologies and audience studies, together with brain research, and the results of a focus group of four secondary students who have seen four plays at Canada’s National Arts Centre, it examines the consequences of young people’s immersion in digital culture and the new mindset that often results. The expectation of instant access to data, inter-connectivity, stimulation and control can make it difficult for adolescents to decode the metaphorical aspects of a theatrical performance. The article concludes that language arts and dramatic arts educators have a key role in teaching students how to decode—and therefore enjoy and appreciate— a play.

In the teaching of the subject of Mathematics and in particular, in the teaching of the linear function f(x) = ax + b, the use of Microsoft Office Excel programme ( 1st grade of Eniaio Lykeio/ Unified upper-secondary school) equally facilitates both participants of the learning process, as the particular programme is incorporated in the context of the learner-centered educational procedure. Within the framework of this point of view and with the aim of effectively compiling the syllabus, the application of twelve (12) basic principles hinging on the active participation of learners in mutual cooperation, is considered necessary. Selfevaluation and the need to establish specific incentives and set concrete aims and objectives constitute indicative examples of basic principles. Within the frame of the afore-mentioned educational principles, it is suggested that the class is divided in groups of 2-3 students and new technologies are implemented, with the ultimate goal to clarify and comprehend concepts and applications relevant to the subject. Criteria for the design of such an activity are the exploitation of learners’ background knowledge and experience as well as the experimental involvement in new teaching practices. As prerequisites, we pose the formulation of conjectures and conclusions and the ‘depenalization’ of errors in the mind of learners.

Subjects designated by the neologism 'disability' typically experience various forms of marginality, discrimination and inequality. The response by social scientists and professionals engaged in social policy and service delivery has been to combat the 'disability problem' by way of implementing anti-discrimination protections and various other compensatory initiatives. More recently, with the development of biological and techno-sciences such as 'new genetics', nanotechnologies and cyborgs the solution to 'disability' management has been in the form of utilizing technologies of early detection, eradication or at best, technologies of mitigation. Contemporary discourses of disablement displace and disconnect discussion away from the 'heart of the problem', namely, matters ontological. Disability - based marginality is assumed to emerge from a set of pre-existing conditions (i.e. in the case of biomedicalisation, deficiency inheres in the individual, whilst in the Social Model disablement is created by a capitalist superstructure). The Great Divide takes an alternative approach to studying 'the problem of disability' by proposing that the neologism 'disability' is in fact created by and used to generate notions and epistemologies of 'ableism'. Whilst epistemologies of disablement are well researched, there is a paucity of research related to the workings of ableism. The focal concerns of The Great Divide relate to matters of ordering, disorder and constitutional compartmentalization between the normal and pathological and the ways that discourses about wholeness, health, enhancement and perfection produce notions of impairment. A central argument of this dissertation figures the production of disability as part of the tussle over ordering, emerging from a desire to create order from an assumed disorder; resulting in a flimsy but often unconvincing attempt to shore up so-called optimal ontologies and disperse outlaw ontologies. The Great Divide examines ways 'disability' rubs up against, mingles with and provokes other seemingly unrelated concepts such as wellness, ableness, perfection, competency, causation, productivity and use value. The scaffolding of the dissertation directs the reader to selected sites that produce epistemologies of disability and ableism, namely the writing of 'history' and Judeo-Christian renderings of Disability. It explores the nuances of ableism (including a case study of wrongful life torts in law) and the phenomenon of internalized ableism as experienced by many disabled people. The study of liberalism and the government of government are explored in terms of enumeration, the science of 'counting cripples' and the battles over defining 'disability' in law and social policy. Additionally another axis of ableism is explored through the study of a number of perfecting technologies and the way in which these technologies mediate what it means to be 'human' (normalcy), morphs/simulates 'normalcy' and the leakiness of 'disability'. This analysis charts the invention of forearms transplantation (a la Clint Hallam), the Cochlear implant and transhumanism. The Great Divide concludes with an inversion of the ableist gaze(s) by proposing an ethic of affirmation, a desiring ontology of impairment.

Orientador: Rosângela Doin de Almeida / Banca: Sônia Maria Vanzella Castellar / Banca: Vânia Rúbia Farias Vlach / Banca: Archimedes Perez Filho / Banca: Maria Isabel Castreghini de Freitas / Resumo: O desenvolvimento técnico-científico das últimas décadas tem favorecido uma revolução na ciência cartográfica e na interação social com as múltiplas formas cartográficas. A utilização cada vez mais intensiva da informática pela Cartografia tem permitido a interação de formas cartográficas com diferentes recursos de multimídia, tais como textos, gráficos, sons, vídeos e animações, o que as tornam mais dinâmicas e interativas. Essas novas formas de representação e comunicação da informação espacial são consideradas como Cartografia Multimídia. A cartografia escolar, ou seja, aquela estudada, aprendida e produzida no âmbito da educação formal, tem tido que conviver com uma educação cartográfica multimidiática que é produzida e difundida fora dos muros da escola. Entendemos que uma leitura da Cartografia Multimídia a partir da Cartografia para criança e Escolares pode ressaltar aspectos mais humanísticos e ordenados dessas relações, como a ideia de que a linearidade e a hierarquização predominantes nos mapas impressos passam a acontecer sob múltiplas conexões e interpretações quando produzidas em redes fluídas (menos fixas) de representações espaciais. Assim, este trabalho se insere numa abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, que busca por meio de um referencial teórico-metodológico dos campos de conhecimento da Geografia, da Cartografia, bem como da Comunicação e da Educação, analisar em que aspectos a interatividade permitida pelos projetos de multimídia cartográfica pode favorecer diferentes leituras sobre o espaço representado por meio das formas cartográficas suportadas por mídia discreta ou disponíveis em rede. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa teórica-conceitual, em que não há a intenção de transformar os conceitos aqui discutidos em propostas metodológicas para o uso escolar ou outro fim. Na primeira parte são ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The technical-scientific development in recent years has favored a revolution both on cartography science and on social interaction with the emergence of multiple cartography features. The intensive use of informatics by Cartography has allowed an interaction of cartography forms with different multimedia resources, such as texts, graphics, sound, videos and animation that make them more dynamic and interactive. Those new ways of representation and communication of spatial information have been named Multimedia Cartography. School cartography, i.e. the one studied, learned and produced in the scope of regular education, has had to live along with a multimedia cartography education that is produced and spread out of the school walls. We understand that reading Multimedia Cartography from the Cartography for children and scholars can reveal more humanistic and ordered aspects of these relations, as for example, the idea that linearity and hierarchy that dominate printed maps happen under multiple connections and interpretations when produced in flowing networks (less fixed) of spatial representations. This way, our research has a qualitative approach working with a theoretical-methodological referential in Geography. It aims at analyzing in which aspects interactivity allowed by cartography multimedia projects can lead to other readings about the space that is represented by cartography forms supported by discrete available media. It is, therefore, a theoretical-conceptual research where there is no intention to modify the concepts once discussed into methodological proposals for school use. Firstly we introduce concepts such as media, multimedia, interactivity, hipertext, hipermedia, besides Multimedia Cartography, cartographic visualization, electronic atlas, hipermap, interactive map, animated map, these ones aligned to their ways of structure and distribution. We then organize a ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor