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The memory of expulsions among the expelling groups has been fairly studied, and has potential to create new conflicts. This qualitative study uses in-depth interviews to describe the memory of the 6-7 September events and the Greek minority in Istanbul among a group of Turkish descent people living in Beyoglu, Istanbul. Further the study compares the memory with the written history and explains why the memories of the past are shaped according to the present. The Greek minority of Istanbul are remembered in words of friendship and neighbourliness, but these memories are rather a nostalgia of the past for present needs than an image of the past itself. The memories of the events among the studied group are dominated by the general destruction occasioned by the riots but tend to contradict the violence towards the Greek minority. There exists a discrepancy between the memory and the written history concerning the acts of violence during the riots, the underlying causes of the riots and the period after the events. This article explains the reconstructed memory as a product of strategies for avoiding the experience of collective guilt.

La presente investigación realiza un análisis del turismo culinario ofrecido en el Centro histórico de Quito en establecimientos alimentarios patrimoniales de antaño y su relación con el sector agropecuario del cantón Quito y alrededores, misma que permite visualizar una desconexión entre el sector agropecuario con el sector de restauración debido a la conflictividad que representa la actividad de la comercialización en ámbitos urbanos, además de una falta de valorización por parte del servicio de restauración de esta conexión de la tierra a la mesa a pesar de la potencialidad que significa para el comensal un alimento con una entraña local que represente una historia, una relación urbana-rural de un territorio y un producto con unas características geográficas, climáticas y culturales locales que dibujan un contexto culinario particular. De esta manera este trabajo realiza un diagnóstico de la relación del sector agropecuario con el sector de restauración patrimonial del Centro Histórico de Quito, para visualizar el contexto en el que se desenvuelve el ámbito de la comercialización alimentaria en un destino turístico urbano patrimonio cultural de la humanidad que ha guardado a lo largo del tiempo una riqueza histórica cultural importante, razón por la cual en relación con la esfera culinaria, la nostalgia y la memoria alimentaria dada por el comensal local constituye una potencialidad importante a investigar porque demuestra unas relaciones sociales formadas entre anfitriones y comensales en un ámbito de la cotidianidad urbana de un destino turístico. / Esta investigación ha sido financiada por la Universidad Central del Ecuador y la Dirección de Investigación de la institución (Resolución No. R-006-2019)

Sir John Tenniel worked for the Victorian magazine Punch for over fifty years, from 1850 to 1901, and served as head cartoonist for the latter thirty-seven years of his tenure at the magazine. Tenniel's cartoons effectively became the heart of Punch's visual lineup, and the sentiments expressed by these cartoons both reflected and influenced the opinions of the magazine']s vast middle class readership. However, they did not generally reflect the opinions of the cartoonist himself: Tenniel had little to no say in decisions regarding the content or stance of his cartoons. The artist ostensibly had no problem with this arrangement, once telling a historian, "As for political opinions, I have none… [I] profess only those of my paper." This project argues that the artist did indeed inject a degree of personal opinion into his work, albeit in hidden and unconscious ways. Instead of using the medium of cartoons as an overt vehicle for his opinion, Tenniel's values and views come out in his use of iconography and his choice of models for his drawings. As a conservative Victorian man operating in the rapidly changing world of the latter nineteenth century, Tenniel used his drawings as a way to tap into the England of his youth and possibly reclaim the art world he originally studied to join as a young man. His iconography frequently looked back to medieval England, framing current events within these themes until the end of his career. Furthermore, Tenniel doggedly refused to update his mental drawing models for certain forms of technology, even when his depictions became obviously anachronistic. This thesis examines these tendencies through the threefold lenses of Material Culture Studies, Social Constructivism, and Nostalgia Studies in an attempt to link Tenniel's treatment of medieval iconography and depiction of modern technology with the nostalgic past. / Master of Arts

I denna undersökning analyseras Quakes troper/aspekter i jämförelse med ett urval av Boomer Shooters för att se hur spelutvecklare implementerat och tolkat dessa troper. Quake har haft stor inverkan på First Person Shooter (FPS) genren sedan spelet lanserades under 90-talet, med allt fler FPS spel som tagit efter Quakes troper och designval. Under en längre period har FPS genren utvecklats och haft ett större fokus på narrativ och linjära spelupplevelser. Men på senare år har allt fler 90-tals inspirerade FPS publicerats och med den framtagna metoden som är en hybrid mellan koncept och Pughs matris, jämförs hur urvalet av Boomer Shooter förhåller sig till Quakes troper. Resultatet visar på en kombination av troper som kvarstått, ändrats eller inte implementerats alls. Analysen innehåller en subjektiv tolkning av spelen och det finns andra troper som multiplayer som skulle kunna analyseras mer i detalj i framtida studier.

In today's society, a trend has started to emerge where companies integrate retro elements into their logos. The purpose of this study is to investigate what characterizes retro logotypes, as well as what the retro trend can be an expression of. Through a semiotic analysis of Pepsi's and Burger King's recently updated logos that follow this trend, design elements such as color, typography and shape in the logos are examined with an aim to understand how the companies takes inspiration from their previous logos, as well as investigate in how the new redesigns of the logos correlates to them. Further the study discusses the causes of this emerging retro trend, where nostalgia plays a pivotal role in connecting the brands with the past. In the case of Pepsi and Burger King, the use of retro elements in their logos can be seen as a form of commercial nostalgia, capitalizing on consumers' longing for the past.

Aspects of memory and identity with reference to the prose of Dana Snyman will be reflected in this research report. Concepts from memory studies, such as cultural and collective memory, collective identity as well as nostalgia and loss will serve as the matrix for a reading of his narratives. The reception of Weg, an Afrikaans outdoor magazine (and specifically the contri- butions by Snyman) amongst readers typified as the Weg-generation will be studied. Since the political transformation of 1994, there has been a renewed attempt by Afri- kaners to explore their identity and status in the new dispensation. Snyman’s nostalgic representation of this process can be linked to a current trend in Afrikaans literature where identity and roots are explored in order to redefine Self and Other. His stories document the Afrikaner culture of a bygone era with a view of coming to terms with that past. / Afrikaans / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans))

Drawing on relevant theory from memory studies, literary criticism, sociology, reception studies and book history, this thesis examines the prevalence of nostalgia in white South African writing of the post-apartheid period. It identifies the numerous and remarkably conventional texts by white authors that proliferated in this time which might be described as nostalgic, arguing that these constitute a key genre of post-apartheid South African literature. In seeking to offer an explanation for why these nostalgic forms predominated in this period, this study takes into consideration the full "communications circuit" of a book i.e. the life-cycle of a book from production to consumption. Consequently, it employs an interdisciplinary framework to examine nostalgic literature from the perspectives of both the producers and consumers of texts. It is argued, ultimately, that post-apartheid nostalgic writing was particularly involved in the protection of certain formulations and structures of whiteness at individual, collective and institutional levels. The argument unfolds in three phases, each of which explores the value of nostalgia and nostalgic white writing in a different but related sphere: namely, literature, memory, and the market. The first phase of the argument provides a literary critical reading of the generic hallmarks of these novels, considering a range of representative texts, including works by Mark Behr, André Brink, Justin Cartwright, J. M. Coetzee, Lisa Fugard, Christopher Hope, Jo-Anne Richards, and Rachel Zadok. The second examines the allure of nostalgia and nostalgic books for the writers and readers of this literature, drawing on sociological studies of post-apartheid white South African identity and reader-response theory to analyse a selection of online and print reviews by readers. In the third phase, the thesis utilises a book historical approach to investigate the influence of various literary markets and the publishing industry, both local and global, in shaping the nostalgia trend.

Aspects of memory and identity with reference to the prose of Dana Snyman will be reflected in this research report. Concepts from memory studies, such as cultural and collective memory, collective identity as well as nostalgia and loss will serve as the matrix for a reading of his narratives. The reception of Weg, an Afrikaans outdoor magazine (and specifically the contri- butions by Snyman) amongst readers typified as the Weg-generation will be studied. Since the political transformation of 1994, there has been a renewed attempt by Afri- kaners to explore their identity and status in the new dispensation. Snyman’s nostalgic representation of this process can be linked to a current trend in Afrikaans literature where identity and roots are explored in order to redefine Self and Other. His stories document the Afrikaner culture of a bygone era with a view of coming to terms with that past. / Afrikaans / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans))

South Africa and Russia achieved two of the most remarkable political transformations in modern history, yet significant numbers of their citizens feel a longing for aspects of the old regimes. While there have been some studies of nostalgia among older Russians and South Africans, the following is the first comparative qualitative examination of the phenomenon among young members of the countries’ inaugural “born free” generations: those who came into the world just before or after the fall of Apartheid and Communism, and have had little or no experience of life prior to regime change. Its purpose is to examine how and why young people growing up in post-authoritarian transition societies experience, and long for, the past. I conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with seven South African and five Russian youths, recruited through purposive sampling, who reflected on the ways in which the recent past impacts their lives, self-perceptions and socio-political identities. While they differed in some areas, respondents from both countries identified several broadly shared areas of nostalgia, clustering around a perceived loss of community, moral values, personal safety and social trust; and a concomitant rise in individualism, materialism and anomie. Employing a Marxian engagement with symbolic interactionism and interpretative phenomenological analysis, I analyse their transcribed testimonies in light of the relevant scholarship on nostalgia, social memory and transition studies, alongside theories of post-modernity and critical sociology. I conclude that their nostalgia may be the product of Russia and South Africa’s belated and compressed transition from “modern” to “post-modern” societies; a rebellion against the harsh transition to a Baumanian “liquid” life characterised by economic precariousness and the fraying of social bonds; and/or an expression of profound ambivalence that struggles to reconcile nostalgic regrets about the risks and human costs of globalised capitalist polyarchy, with a hunger to exploit the freedom and opportunities it offers. / Theses (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.