<p>This thesis takes as its point of departure the Swedish governmental family policy and the debate on the proposed reform ‘vårdnadsbidraget’. The supporters of the reform present it as something that will increase the freedom of choice for families and benefit the children, whereas the opponents warn for decreased equality and a return to the male breadwinner-model.<br /><br />From a constructivist perspective, language is closely related to power through defining and ascribing meaning to reality. By applying a feminist political theory on the debate within the Swedish national parliament 2007/2008 and conducting a discourse analysis, the aim of this paper is to analyse which concepts are used and how they construct to what makes a family within the political debate – is there any difference or similarity between the view of the opponents and the supporters of ‘vårdnadsbidraget’?<br /><br />The main conclusion of this paper is that even though the political ideal and rhetorical concepts differ between the supporters and the opponents, they still constitute the heterosexual nuclear family as an obvious norm in family politics. Even though the opponents of the reform are critical to the nuclear family as a ideal, their strife for gender equality contributes to reproduce the heterosexual nuclear family as the family norm.</p>

This thesis takes as its point of departure the Swedish governmental family policy and the debate on the proposed reform ‘vårdnadsbidraget’. The supporters of the reform present it as something that will increase the freedom of choice for families and benefit the children, whereas the opponents warn for decreased equality and a return to the male breadwinner-model.<br /><br />From a constructivist perspective, language is closely related to power through defining and ascribing meaning to reality. By applying a feminist political theory on the debate within the Swedish national parliament 2007/2008 and conducting a discourse analysis, the aim of this paper is to analyse which concepts are used and how they construct to what makes a family within the political debate – is there any difference or similarity between the view of the opponents and the supporters of ‘vårdnadsbidraget’?<br /><br />The main conclusion of this paper is that even though the political ideal and rhetorical concepts differ between the supporters and the opponents, they still constitute the heterosexual nuclear family as an obvious norm in family politics. Even though the opponents of the reform are critical to the nuclear family as a ideal, their strife for gender equality contributes to reproduce the heterosexual nuclear family as the family norm.

A doença cardiovascular é a principal causa de morte no mundo e no Brasil. A manifestação da doença cardiovascular aterosclerótica, a mais comum das doenças cardiovasculares, é evidenciada principalmente na vida adulta, entretanto o processo aterosclerótico inicia-se na infância e, em ambas as fases, este processo se atrela à presença de fatores de risco cardiovascular. Por outro lado, a prática regular de atividade física e a manutenção de uma aptidão física elevada auxiliam no controle do risco cardiovascular. Entretanto, as relações entre esses aspectos (risco cardiovascular, atividade física e aptidão física) são influenciadas por fatores genéticos e ambientais. Visando o entendimento mais profundo dessas associações em um contexto socioeconômico pouco explorado, uma cidade de pequeno porte, esta tese teve por objetivo investigar em famílias nucleares de Muzambinho - MG: i) a associação entre indicadores de risco cardiovascular e de atividade e aptidão físicas em crianças/adolescentes e adultos e; ii) a agregação familiar e a heritabilidade desses fenótipos. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados coletados entre 2008 e 2009, em 139 famílias de Muzambinho, compostas por 237 pais e 246 filhos, nos quais foram avaliados: composição corporal (índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura), fatores metabólicos (glicemia e colesterolemia de jejum), fatores cardiovasculares (pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica), indicadores de atividade física (volume semanal de atividade física total) e a aptidão física (aptidão aeróbica e força manual). A análise estatística incluiu análise exploratória, regressões simples e múltiplas e técnicas de análise de Epidemiologia Genética. Observou-se que nas crianças/adolescentes, os indicadores de obesidade diminuíram com o aumento da aptidão aeróbica, enquanto que a glicemia e o risco cardiovascular global diminuíram com o aumento do volume semanal de atividade física total. Nos adultos, o índice de massa corporal diminuiu com o aumento da força manual, enquanto que a pressão arterial diastólica diminuiu com o aumento do volume semanal de atividade física total. Nas famílias de Muzambinho, os indicadores de risco cardiovascular apresentaram agregação familiar e heritabilidade baixas a moderadas, o que também foi observado para a força muscular manual. Esses resultados sugerem que, numa população com características semelhantes às da população de Muzambinho, as associações entre risco cardiovascular e atividade/aptidão física variam de um indicador para outro e que há influência genética e do ambiente compartilhado pela família nos indicadores de risco cardiovascular e na força manual / Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world and in Brazil. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the most common cardiovascular disease, usually triggers cardiovascular events during adulthood; however, the atherosclerotic process begins during childhood. In addition, at both phases of life, this process is associated with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. On the other hand, regular physical activity and maintaining high fitness help in controlling cardiovascular risk. However, the relationships among all these aspects (cardiovascular risk, physical activity and physical fitness) are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. To develop a deeper understanding about these associations under an underexplored socioeconomic context, a small size city, this thesis had as an objective to investigate, in nuclear families from Muzambinho - MG: i) the association between cardiovascular risk and physical activity and fitness in children/adolescents and adults; and ii) the familial aggregation and heritability of these phenotypes. For that, the study used the data collected between 2008 and 2009 in 139 families of Muzambinho, consisting of 237 parents and 246 children. At that time, body composition (body mass index and waist circumference), metabolic factors (glycemia and fasting blood cholesterol), cardiovascular factors (systolic and diastolic blood pressures), physical activity marker (total weekly volume of physical activity) and physical fitness (aerobic fitness and manual strength) were assessed. Statistical analysis includes exploratory analysis, simple and multiple regressions and Genetic Epidemiology analysis techniques. Results in children/adolescents showed that obesity markers decreased with increasing aerobic fitness, while glycemia and global cardiovascular risk decreased with increasing total weekly volume of physical activity. In adults, body mass index deceased with increasing manual strength, and diastolic blood pressure decreased with increasing total weekly volume of physical activity. In Muzambinho\'s families, cardiovascular risk markers presented low to moderate familiar aggregations and heritabilities, which was also observed for manual strength. These results suggest that, in a population similar to Muzambinho\'s population, the associations between cardiovascular risk and physical activity and fitness vary from one marker to another, and that genetic and familiar common environment factors influence cardiovascular risk markers and manual strength

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SylviaOC_DISSERT.pdf: 638531 bytes, checksum: dfc3a942cc67cbcc4c28df8fa5f9b951 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-14 / The research was focada in the feminine head of family, the City of Aracaju and its impacts in the nuclear familiar nucleus. Considering that, the papers of the men are in general, not valued and rewarded that the papers of the women in almost all the cultures. The women generally load the responsibility to take care of of the children and the domestic work, while the men traditionally are born with the responsibility to support the family. However, we find changes in this mainly north-eastern scene and, where through quantitative research, already one evidenced that they are majority as family support, therefore, we observe the construction of social identities of the women family heads and uncurling of the adaptativos aspects, the existing mechanism between domination and power, in the familiar nucleus. The impacts in the family if had change in the social relation for them to be family heads. One is about qualitative research that has left of the construction of a theoretical landmark, analyzing given of bibliographical sources and from interviews with women family heads, power to observe the forms of joints in the nuclear families, as they deal with the power to decide power, the financial power, the fragility, the domination and the influences of the traditional models. Analyzing the familiar relations between the woman, the children and the spouse, searching the excellent questions for the briefing of the thematic one, demystifying the dichotomy between the mother/wife and woman head of family in the residential environment / A pesquisa foi focada no chefe de fam?lia feminino, do Munic?pio de Aracaju e seus impactos no n?cleo familiar nuclear. Considerando que, os pap?is dos homens s?o em geral, muito mais valorizados e recompensados que os pap?is das mulheres: em quase todas as culturas, as mulheres carregam a responsabilidade de cuidar das crian?as e do trabalho dom?stico, enquanto os homens tradicionalmente nascem com a responsabilidade de sustentar a fam?lia. No entanto, encontramos mudan?as nesse cen?rio, e principalmente no Nordeste, onde atrav?s de pesquisas quantitativas, j? se constatou que s?o maioria como arrimo de fam?lia, portanto, observamos a constru??o de identidades sociais das mulheres chefes de fam?lia e o desenrolar dos aspectos adaptativos, o mecanismo existente entre a domina??o e o poder, no n?cleo familiar. Os impactos na fam?lia, se houve mudan?a na rela??o social por elas serem chefes de fam?lia. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que parte da constru??o de um marco te?rico, analisando dados de fontes bibliogr?ficas e a partir de entrevistas com mulheres chefes de fam?lia, observar as formas de articula??es nas fam?lias nucleares, como lidam com o poder decis?rio, com o poder financeiro, com a fragilidade, com a domina??o e as influ?ncias dos modelos tradicionais. Analisando as rela??es familiares entre a mulher, os filhos e o c?njuge, buscando as quest?es relevantes para a elucida??o da tem?tica, desmistificando a dicotomia entre a m?e/esposa e mulher/ chefe de fam?lia no ambiente residencial

No description available.

Research regarding the imprisonment of a family member has mainly focused on the effects of parental imprisonment on the children in that family. Literature indicates that the child of an imprisoned parent has to deal with numerous challenges, including stigma and shame related to their parent‟s arrest and imprisonment. Other common feelings these children might experience include anger, confusion and sadness. Furthermore these children often experience pressure related to keeping the imprisonment a secret from those close to them. These children might also face multiple separations from the imprisoned parent, experience changes with regards to residence, school and friendships, adoption of adult roles and responsibilities, financial distress, lack of supervision and more. When compared to literature regarding parental imprisonment relatively few studies have been done on the effects of imprisonment on the family as a whole, especially in the South African context. The available research indicates there are numerous implications for the family as a whole. Some of these implications include stigma, financial stress, role changes within the family, relational problems between family members (including extended family), challenges in dealing with the criminal justice system and emotional distress (feelings of loneliness, anxiety, isolation and worry). The aim of this study was to explore and describe the changes that take place in family functioning when a member of that family is imprisoned as they are perceived by the members of the nuclear family. A qualitative description (descriptive) research approach was used in this study. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. Six voluntary participants (all family members of imprisoned individuals) from four families were recruited. Participants were aged between 15 and 75, consisted of one male and five females. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. These interviews were audio recorded and then transcribed. Initial questions for the semi-structured interviews were obtained using the McMaster Model of Family Functioning as a guiding framework. Therefore, first deductive (directed) content analysis was used, after which thematic analysis was then done on the transcribed data. From the analysis two main themes and nine subthemes emerged. It was found that participants relied more on their family members for problem solving, were generally more open-hearted and honest with their communication towards each other while limiting potentially distressing communication and they experienced changes in the roles and responsibilities within the family. Participants also reported experiencing new emotions (positive and negative) and experienced increased support, understanding and involvement from their family members. They furthermore experienced changes in behaviour control and household rules ranging from rigid to laissez-faire and often fluctuating between these. Some participants reported experiencing more support from outside the family. Participants furthermore reported feeling stigmatised and isolated within their communities. They also experienced gaining resilience and inner strength and found strength through their religious beliefs. The findings of this study can‟t be generalized due to the limited demographic variability and small sample size. Limited research is available regarding the changes in family functioning after the imprisonment of a family member in the family as a whole, especially in the South African context. The identification of religion and resilience (as subthemes identified from the data) as they relate to coping is probably the most important contribution of this study as it is not discussed in any of the models of family functioning mentioned in this study, including the McMaster Model of Family Functioning. It is recommended that further research focus on both resilience and religion as they relate to coping and possibly contribute to family functioning after the imprisonment of a family member. It is furthermore suggested that specific intervention programs be developed to help families function effectively after the imprisonment of a family member. These intervention programs might include group work with different families or working with individual families either with skills development, psycho-education or therapeutically. / MA (Clinical Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Research regarding the imprisonment of a family member has mainly focused on the effects of parental imprisonment on the children in that family. Literature indicates that the child of an imprisoned parent has to deal with numerous challenges, including stigma and shame related to their parent‟s arrest and imprisonment. Other common feelings these children might experience include anger, confusion and sadness. Furthermore these children often experience pressure related to keeping the imprisonment a secret from those close to them. These children might also face multiple separations from the imprisoned parent, experience changes with regards to residence, school and friendships, adoption of adult roles and responsibilities, financial distress, lack of supervision and more. When compared to literature regarding parental imprisonment relatively few studies have been done on the effects of imprisonment on the family as a whole, especially in the South African context. The available research indicates there are numerous implications for the family as a whole. Some of these implications include stigma, financial stress, role changes within the family, relational problems between family members (including extended family), challenges in dealing with the criminal justice system and emotional distress (feelings of loneliness, anxiety, isolation and worry). The aim of this study was to explore and describe the changes that take place in family functioning when a member of that family is imprisoned as they are perceived by the members of the nuclear family. A qualitative description (descriptive) research approach was used in this study. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. Six voluntary participants (all family members of imprisoned individuals) from four families were recruited. Participants were aged between 15 and 75, consisted of one male and five females. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. These interviews were audio recorded and then transcribed. Initial questions for the semi-structured interviews were obtained using the McMaster Model of Family Functioning as a guiding framework. Therefore, first deductive (directed) content analysis was used, after which thematic analysis was then done on the transcribed data. From the analysis two main themes and nine subthemes emerged. It was found that participants relied more on their family members for problem solving, were generally more open-hearted and honest with their communication towards each other while limiting potentially distressing communication and they experienced changes in the roles and responsibilities within the family. Participants also reported experiencing new emotions (positive and negative) and experienced increased support, understanding and involvement from their family members. They furthermore experienced changes in behaviour control and household rules ranging from rigid to laissez-faire and often fluctuating between these. Some participants reported experiencing more support from outside the family. Participants furthermore reported feeling stigmatised and isolated within their communities. They also experienced gaining resilience and inner strength and found strength through their religious beliefs. The findings of this study can‟t be generalized due to the limited demographic variability and small sample size. Limited research is available regarding the changes in family functioning after the imprisonment of a family member in the family as a whole, especially in the South African context. The identification of religion and resilience (as subthemes identified from the data) as they relate to coping is probably the most important contribution of this study as it is not discussed in any of the models of family functioning mentioned in this study, including the McMaster Model of Family Functioning. It is recommended that further research focus on both resilience and religion as they relate to coping and possibly contribute to family functioning after the imprisonment of a family member. It is furthermore suggested that specific intervention programs be developed to help families function effectively after the imprisonment of a family member. These intervention programs might include group work with different families or working with individual families either with skills development, psycho-education or therapeutically. / MA (Clinical Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This study explored the experiences of stepmothers of non-residential stepchildren, using a phenomenological approach and qualitative exploratory design. Participants were recruited in the Gauteng area through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the information. The findings of this study indicate the following: the participants, in their role as stepmothers of non-residential stepchildren, experienced various challenges that were very stressful, especially during the early stages of stepfamily formation. The lack of acknowledgement of the stepmothers’ dedication to their stepchildren, as well as conflicting rules concerning how to care for the children, caused distress for the participants. Support from their partners, as well as improved stepfamily relationships over time, were acknowledged as contributing factors to the participants’ continued commitment to their stepfamilies. Further research on stepmothers of non-residential stepchildren is recommended / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

This study explored the experiences of stepmothers of non-residential stepchildren, using a phenomenological approach and qualitative exploratory design. Participants were recruited in the Gauteng area through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the information. The findings of this study indicate the following: the participants, in their role as stepmothers of non-residential stepchildren, experienced various challenges that were very stressful, especially during the early stages of stepfamily formation. The lack of acknowledgement of the stepmothers’ dedication to their stepchildren, as well as conflicting rules concerning how to care for the children, caused distress for the participants. Support from their partners, as well as improved stepfamily relationships over time, were acknowledged as contributing factors to the participants’ continued commitment to their stepfamilies. Further research on stepmothers of non-residential stepchildren is recommended / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:21:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jordana Carmo de Sousa.pdf: 590372 bytes, checksum: 63bc8d9298c23817255c0b74e251e395 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-21 / The present work searched to understand the feminine identity and to investigate the sexual life of an adult woman, as it deals and which the impact that a situation of social exclusion influences in its sexuality and main in its identity. The psicanalitic vision was the base used for the understanding of the material collected in the interview, what it points with respect to a inadequaded and the lack of an autonomy of the feminine identity and the place of the proper sexuality, what causes an exclusion the direction of "being woman" in a society where they are considered inferior and that it only has little time this left of being submiss to the man, conquering its right the diverse aspects politicians, social and cultural. In the second moment not of poverty, but for living less in a community favored what it takes it the lack of possibilities of the proper citizen of not consisting internally and not to have conditions to change this picture. Inside to the device of psicanalitic listening the present work is about a case study where an interview of the clinical type was carried through where the speech of the citizen was marked by the emotional instability, affective insatisfaction and difficulty with regard to proper autonomy to deal with its identity and its sexuality. The identity of the woman through such information is molded to take care of to a system of familiar and social domination. The fear, the unreliability, the shame, in turn, extravasm to the sexual one for the performance in the social one, in a system of constant feedback. In this context we insert the woman and its search, through the time, of a feminine identity. E this search modifies, takes to a transformation with regard to notion of nuclear family and romantic love. It is certain that of this form it looks for in a way if to adjust in the society and life in an acceptable way I obtain same. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo entender a subjetividade da mulher face à construção de sua identidade sexual, no contexto de uma condição de vida marcada pela exclusão. A perspectiva adotada foi a perspectiva clínica, no sentido da escuta do sofrimento psíquico associado a condição feminina e de exclusão. Para tal foi realizado um estudo de caso, cuja perspectiva metodológica foi qualitativa, com entrevista do tipo clínica visando o aprofundamento do tema e interpretativo, conforme prevê o uso do método psicanalítico para pesquisa. A análise da entrevista nos permite pensar que a situação de exclusão do sujeito é tão profunda que atinge a autonomia do mesmo na reflexibilidade de seu próprio desejo. No caso estudado, não se pode pensar que as condições de exclusão dificultam ou impedem a realização dos desejos. Para um processo interno e primário, associado ás condições de vida, parece destituir o sujeito de possibilidades mesmas de se constituir como sujeito de seus desejos e projeto de identidade. Neste trabalho a identidade é vista como uma tarefa em aberto para o homem moderno, de qual a construção de identidade sexual é um dos aspectos centrais. Desde Freud a sexualidade feminina, ou seja, o desenvolvimento libidinal na mulher é objeto de grandes controvérsias teóricas, que indicam a necessidade de se compreender este fenômeno de modo mais aprofundado. A este contexto articula-se a noção de exclusão, não como sinônimo de pobreza, mas como conjunto de processos objetivos e simbólicos que têm por resultado a perda da autonomia. Enfim, as noções de família nuclear , amor romântico e amor relacionamento são empregados para contribuir na compreensão da subjetividade feminina.