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Despite the general decline in alcohol use among adolescents, binge drinking in this age group remains a serious public health problem. The overarching aim of this study was to examine the association between family structure and adolescents' binge drinking and to what extent this association is accounted for by differences in parental monitoring. The study utilised data from the Stockholm School Survey 2014, involving 12,540 students in 9th and 11th grade in the Stockholm Municipality, Sweden. The analytical sample was restricted to 10,279 students. Descriptive statistics, cross tabulations with chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression were applied in the analyses. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics including gender, grade, and parental education, family structure was significantly associated with adolescents' binge drinking, where binge drinking was higher among students in the non-nuclear family structure compared with those in the nuclear family structure. However, the association between family structure and adolescents' binge drinking was not accounted for by differences in parental monitoring. In conclusion, the non-nuclear family structure is a risk factor, but also high parental monitoring is a protective factor in relation to adolescents' binge drinking. Accordingly, the findings of the study may be used as a basis for preventive work.

The bipartisan political slogan “family values,” coupled with discourse surrounding the supposed breakdown of the American family, is a rhetorical move used by political agencies in an effort to excuse the socio-economic failings in America and to reassign responsibility for these failings to the private sphere. This rhetoric tends to promote the idealized nuclear family, while marginalizing the poor and non-traditional family groups.

The purpose of this study is to see a display on how family, gender and sexuality are produced in four same-sex parents’ stories about their children’s pre-school start. The question formulations that have been used were aimed to find out what expectations and concerns parents may have on the pre-school organization, if the parents have any saying regarding the organization, if the pre-school have worked with equality and how they have been treated as a family. The method used is a qualitative study based on interviews. Four lesbian women have been interviewed on their experiences of their children’s pre-school start and after finishing the interviews the content has been analyzed from different viewpoints found in the material. To back this study up theories as heteronormativity and stereotyping in general have been used. Heteronormativity is based on beliefs related to gender and sexuality. Even stereotyping is related to gender and sexuality but explains more an act performed, while heteronormativity is something prevailing. The conclusions reached in this study are that pre-schools are strongly characterized by heteronormativity, there are small ambitions of change of the organisation at the pre-school and the small changes that happen are moving forward slowly. The knowledge of rainbow families is low and the pre-school does not consider these questions before children from rainbow families start at their school. The change should occur before children from rainbow families start at the pre-school since children from other types of families need to meet this kind of questions in the organization. As long as the pre-school does not work with normative questions, children at pre-school will grow into heteronormative notions of family, gender and sexuality. As the pre-school work today, the children from rainbow families will keep on being invisible in the pre-school organization.

The role of the father in post-modern times has changed dramatically and the new challenges posed to fathers due to these changes prompted this study. The aim of this study is to design a theory for a practice that could possibly be used by a Biblical counsellor or therapist to counsel and enrich fathers amidst the challenges of the post-modern world. The research was done on the basis of the practical theological model of Zerfass and contains the following structure: • A meta-theoretical evaluation of fatherhood in related subject areas revealed by literature studies. • The meta-theoretical evaluation was combined with an empirical research by means of interviews with fathers. An applicable questionnaire was used to research the conceptual understanding of fatherhood and practice of post-modern fatherhood with the fathers. . A basic theory on which Scriptural perspectives on fatherhood have been researched. The meta-theoretical research indicated that the main reason for the dramatic changes to fatherhood is not ideological based but due to practical changes in society. Due to the women's very successful entering of the workplace, a predominantly men's territory, many things have changed on the family front. Men were forced to share responsibilities in the practical care taking of children at home. A search for new models to post-modern fatherhood started. The old patriarchal model failed to provide ways of meaningful understanding and processing the new challenges of fatherhood brought on by practical changes in the society of a post-modern world. Linked to this search for new models of post-modern fatherhood is the feminist's struggle against patriarchy. The research indicated that the main pillar of patriarchy was the theological concept of God as Father. The feminist produced a lot of material on the ways and means to free God and society of patriarchy. The basic theory on which Scriptural perspectives on fatherhood have been researched took into consideration the results of feminist's studies. One benefit from the feminist's struggle was the emphasis put on the metaphorical character of theological discourse. God our Father is a metaphorical discourse, which bring into play the hermeneutic process of interpretation. Realising the metaphorical character of theological language we can enhance our understanding of God by reconstructing our concept of God's fatherhood. Through research we rediscovered many other complimenting metaphors of God in a parental capacity (God sometimes acts like a Mother, He gave birth to His people etc.) which can help the post-modern father to come to a better self-expression when it comes to the challenges posed to him today. Very often these new roles were traditionally restricted to the women's territory. The conclusion of the research is that through the process of pastoral hermeneutics the post-modern father can discover the cultured derived practice of his fatherhood and evaluate this post-modern fatherhood in terms of God's fatherhood as it has been revealed through the process of researching the Scripture. The interaction between his understanding of what fatherhood means and of God's fatherhood enables the father to come to a new and meaningful self-expression of his own fatherhood in post-modern times. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

The role of the father in post-modern times has changed dramatically and the new challenges posed to fathers due to these changes prompted this study. The aim of this study is to design a theory for a practice that could possibly be used by a Biblical counsellor or therapist to counsel and enrich fathers amidst the challenges of the post-modern world. The research was done on the basis of the practical theological model of Zerfass and contains the following structure: • A meta-theoretical evaluation of fatherhood in related subject areas revealed by literature studies. • The meta-theoretical evaluation was combined with an empirical research by means of interviews with fathers. An applicable questionnaire was used to research the conceptual understanding of fatherhood and practice of post-modern fatherhood with the fathers. . A basic theory on which Scriptural perspectives on fatherhood have been researched. The meta-theoretical research indicated that the main reason for the dramatic changes to fatherhood is not ideological based but due to practical changes in society. Due to the women's very successful entering of the workplace, a predominantly men's territory, many things have changed on the family front. Men were forced to share responsibilities in the practical care taking of children at home. A search for new models to post-modern fatherhood started. The old patriarchal model failed to provide ways of meaningful understanding and processing the new challenges of fatherhood brought on by practical changes in the society of a post-modern world. Linked to this search for new models of post-modern fatherhood is the feminist's struggle against patriarchy. The research indicated that the main pillar of patriarchy was the theological concept of God as Father. The feminist produced a lot of material on the ways and means to free God and society of patriarchy. The basic theory on which Scriptural perspectives on fatherhood have been researched took into consideration the results of feminist's studies. One benefit from the feminist's struggle was the emphasis put on the metaphorical character of theological discourse. God our Father is a metaphorical discourse, which bring into play the hermeneutic process of interpretation. Realising the metaphorical character of theological language we can enhance our understanding of God by reconstructing our concept of God's fatherhood. Through research we rediscovered many other complimenting metaphors of God in a parental capacity (God sometimes acts like a Mother, He gave birth to His people etc.) which can help the post-modern father to come to a better self-expression when it comes to the challenges posed to him today. Very often these new roles were traditionally restricted to the women's territory. The conclusion of the research is that through the process of pastoral hermeneutics the post-modern father can discover the cultured derived practice of his fatherhood and evaluate this post-modern fatherhood in terms of God's fatherhood as it has been revealed through the process of researching the Scripture. The interaction between his understanding of what fatherhood means and of God's fatherhood enables the father to come to a new and meaningful self-expression of his own fatherhood in post-modern times. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Orientador: Lígia Ebner Melchiori / Banca: Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Campos Dessen / Banca: Tania Gracy Martins do Valle / Resumo: A Psicologia Familiar é um campo que necessita ser extensamente explorado. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar as famílias em relação à divisão das tarefas domésticas, cuidados dispensados às crianças, atividades de lazer e rede social de apoio; como também, investigar as concepções maternas e paternas sobre o desenvolvimento infantil e as relações afetivas, pois, os genitores são parte importante do contexto que a criança se desenvolve. Participaram deste estudo oito casais, que moravam juntos, com filho de um ano de idade. Os dados foram coletados através de dois instrumentos: (a) Questionário de Caracterização do Sistema Familiar, que forneceu dados sociodemográficos, divisão de tarefas domésticas, cuidados com a criança e rede social de apoio; (b) Roteiro de Entrevista sobre Valores e Práticas Parentais, a respeito do desenvolvimento infantil e das relações afetivas. O Questionário de Caracterização do Sistema Familiar foi aplicado somente às mães e os resultados gerais indicaram que tanto nas famílias nucleares como nas extensivas, a responsabilidade pelos cuidados referentes à casa e os filhos, é principalmente das mães, mesmo elas exercendo atividades remuneradas, e a participação paterna é bem maior nas famílias nucleares, comparadas às extensivas. Ambos os tipos de famílias contam com uma rede de apoio social familiar e extra-familiar. O Roteiro de Entrevistas foi aplicado primeiramente com as mães, seguidos dos pais, individualmente. Os dados apontaram que as mães apresentam uma concepção predominantemente ambientalista de desenvolvimento, e os pais, a inatista. Para ambos os genitores, a fase de 0 a 2 da criança é considerada como sendo importante para o seu desenvolvimento posterior, embora mais enfatizado pelas mães. Eles também julgam fundamental proporcionar um bom relacionamento familiar, através das interações... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Psychology of the family is a new research field that must be widely explored. The present study aimed to rank the families in relation to the division of domestic households, children care, leisure activities and social support group, as well as to investigate the maternal and paternal concepts about the infantile development and the affective relationships, because the parents are very important in the envivorment in which the child is raised. Eight couples took part in this research. They had one-year-old kids and both father and mother lived in the same house. The data were collected by two evaluation instruments: (a) Characterization Questionnaire of Family System, which provides social and demographic data, household chores division, children care and social support group; (b) Interview Guidelines about Values and Parental Behaviors concerning the infantile development and the affective practices. The Characterization Questionnaire of Family System was applied only to the mothers and the general outcomes indicated that even in the nuclear families as for the bigger ones, the responsibility for the house and the children belongs to the mother, although they also work outside their homes. The paternal participation is more intense in the nuclear families than in the bigger ones. Both types of families have a social support group from the family and from outer family relationships. The sequence of interviews was initially applied to the mothers and then the fathers. The data indicated that for the mothers, the environmental concept of the development was prevalent and for the fathers the innate concept was prevalent. For both parents, the period from 0 to 2 years is considered as very important for his/her future development, although the mothers are more concerned about that. They also consider as fundamental to have a good familiar relationship through everyday interaction, although... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:38:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mazetto_mdc_me_bauru.pdf: 868388 bytes, checksum: 1f5af3b21019f4041ad38e0428799a13 (MD5) / A Psicologia Familiar é um campo que necessita ser extensamente explorado. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar as famílias em relação à divisão das tarefas domésticas, cuidados dispensados às crianças, atividades de lazer e rede social de apoio; como também, investigar as concepções maternas e paternas sobre o desenvolvimento infantil e as relações afetivas, pois, os genitores são parte importante do contexto que a criança se desenvolve. Participaram deste estudo oito casais, que moravam juntos, com filho de um ano de idade. Os dados foram coletados através de dois instrumentos: (a) Questionário de Caracterização do Sistema Familiar, que forneceu dados sociodemográficos, divisão de tarefas domésticas, cuidados com a criança e rede social de apoio; (b) Roteiro de Entrevista sobre Valores e Práticas Parentais, a respeito do desenvolvimento infantil e das relações afetivas. O Questionário de Caracterização do Sistema Familiar foi aplicado somente às mães e os resultados gerais indicaram que tanto nas famílias nucleares como nas extensivas, a responsabilidade pelos cuidados referentes à casa e os filhos, é principalmente das mães, mesmo elas exercendo atividades remuneradas, e a participação paterna é bem maior nas famílias nucleares, comparadas às extensivas. Ambos os tipos de famílias contam com uma rede de apoio social familiar e extra-familiar. O Roteiro de Entrevistas foi aplicado primeiramente com as mães, seguidos dos pais, individualmente. Os dados apontaram que as mães apresentam uma concepção predominantemente ambientalista de desenvolvimento, e os pais, a inatista. Para ambos os genitores, a fase de 0 a 2 da criança é considerada como sendo importante para o seu desenvolvimento posterior, embora mais enfatizado pelas mães. Eles também julgam fundamental proporcionar um bom relacionamento familiar, através das interações... / Psychology of the family is a new research field that must be widely explored. The present study aimed to rank the families in relation to the division of domestic households, children care, leisure activities and social support group, as well as to investigate the maternal and paternal concepts about the infantile development and the affective relationships, because the parents are very important in the envivorment in which the child is raised. Eight couples took part in this research. They had one-year-old kids and both father and mother lived in the same house. The data were collected by two evaluation instruments: (a) Characterization Questionnaire of Family System, which provides social and demographic data, household chores division, children care and social support group; (b) Interview Guidelines about Values and Parental Behaviors concerning the infantile development and the affective practices. The Characterization Questionnaire of Family System was applied only to the mothers and the general outcomes indicated that even in the nuclear families as for the bigger ones, the responsibility for the house and the children belongs to the mother, although they also work outside their homes. The paternal participation is more intense in the nuclear families than in the bigger ones. Both types of families have a social support group from the family and from outer family relationships. The sequence of interviews was initially applied to the mothers and then the fathers. The data indicated that for the mothers, the environmental concept of the development was prevalent and for the fathers the innate concept was prevalent. For both parents, the period from 0 to 2 years is considered as very important for his/her future development, although the mothers are more concerned about that. They also consider as fundamental to have a good familiar relationship through everyday interaction, although... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

In Germany, the family is historically that of a traditional one. A bourgeois family, in which the father takes care of the family’s existential situation, and the mother commits to housework and care of children (Fleckenstein, 2011; Nill& Schultz, 2010). This is mirrored in ‘subsidiarity’; that care and financial provision is first and foremost covered by the family itself, and then if first instance fails, covered by the state (Fleckenstein, 2011). Hence, ‘care’ is an explicit political expectation that the state has on families. Within this definition of family, contextualized is the mother; she constitutes a committed care-taker, and a less flexible employee on the labour market (Fleckenstein, 2011; Nill& Schultz, 2010). This bachelor’s thesis, studies governmental discourse surrounding German families and women within them. The aim was to identify definitional constants in the German Family-reports about the concepts of family, and working mothers. For this family- reports from 1968, 1994, and 2006 have been analysed. To do this, the researcher made use of the discourse historical approach formulated by Ruth Wodak (Wodak& Meyer, 2001).

BACKGROUND: A social media campaign for mothers aimed at reducing indoor tanning (IT) by adolescent daughters reduced mothers' permissiveness toward IT in an immediate posttest. Whether the effects persisted at 6 months after the campaign remains to be determined. METHODS: Mothers (N = 869) of daughters ages 14-17 in 34 states without bans on IT by minors were enrolled in a randomized trial. All mothers received an adolescent health campaign over 12 months with posts on preventing IT (intervention) or prescription drug misuse (control). Mothers completed a follow-up at 18 months post-randomization measuring IT permissiveness, attitudes, intentions, communication, and behavior, and support for state bans. Daughters (n = 469; 54.0%) just completed baseline and follow-up surveys. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling showed that intervention-group mothers were less permissive of IT by daughters [unstandardized coefficient, -0.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.31 to -0.03], had greater self-efficacy to refuse daughter's IT requests (0.17; 95% CI, 0.06-0.29) and lower IT intentions themselves (-0.18; 95% CI, -0.35 to -0.01), and were more supportive of bans on IT by minors (0.23; 95% CI, 0.02-0.43) than control-group mothers. Intervention-group daughters expressed less positive IT attitudes than controls (-0.16; 95% CI, 0.31 to -0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The social media campaign may have had a persisting effect of convincing mothers to withhold permission for daughters to indoor tan for 6 months after its conclusion. Reduced IT intentions and increased support for bans on IT by minors also persisted among mothers. IMPACT: Social media may increase support among mothers to place more restrictions on IT by minors.