Model selection methods and nonparametric estimation of Levy densities are presented. The estimation relies on the properties of Levy processes for small time spans, on the nature of the jumps of the process, and on methods of estimation for spatial Poisson processes. Given a linear space S of possible Levy densities, an asymptotically unbiased estimator for the orthogonal projection of the Levy density onto S is found. It is proved that the expected standard error of the proposed estimator realizes the smallest possible distance between the true Levy density and the linear space S as the frequency of the data increases and as the sampling time period gets longer. Also, we develop data-driven methods to select a model among a collection of models. The method is designed to approximately realize the best trade-off between the error of estimation within the model and the distance between the model and the unknown Levy density. As a result of this approach and of concentration inequalities for Poisson functionals, we obtain Oracles inequalities that guarantee us to reach the best expected error (using projection estimators) up to a constant. Numerical results are presented for the case of histogram estimators and variance Gamma processes. To calibrate parametric models,a nonparametric estimation method with least-squares errors is studied. Comparison with maximum likelihood estimation is provided. On a separate problem, we review the theoretical properties of temepered stable processes, a class of processes with potential great use in Mathematical Finance.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Épigraphie grecque--Paris, EPHE, 2000.

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Culture is commonly viewed as the most significant factor that distinguishes one ethic group from another. Writing is primarily defined as the carrier of culture. Religion is generally conceded to be the important way to convey culture, while culture is primly manifested by religion. Shang Dynasty that started up as a very first dynasty boasts of literary inscription, in the same time, it is discovered to be the earliest era of writing system in existence. All that is attributed to the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed. Hence, Oracle Bone Inscriptions is associated with the culture study of Shang Dynasty. Central to the culture of Shang Dynasty is the religion culture in the sense that Oracle Bone Inscriptions articulates a great deal of records related to religion. Oracle Bone Inscriptions, accordingly, manages to provide abundant and genuine documents and evidences for the purpose of studying the culture of Shang Dynasty. The research aims to focus on the Oracle Bone Inscriptions as a main object of analysis, with the combination of the study of Oracle Bone, history of Shang Dynasty together with anthropology, which intends to explore the characteristics of China’s religion and develop a new definition. The Shang Dynasty is regarded as a period of strengthening religious belief and rituals. The degree of China’s religion ceremony represents itself in a statement of full popularity and development in Shang Dynasty which is implicated by the Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and the worship ceremony is embodied in China’s religion. Through the research, it is concluded that the core belief of China’s religion mainly revolves around ancestor worship and its consciousness; particular religious sites, such as ancestor temples; worship ancestor of genetic connection as well as ancestor of social groups; and belief of ethics and morality. Religion is closely concerned in society construction and nation building; moreover, it exerts a significant influence on Chinese cultures in many aspects. / published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

Kasdieninis žiniatinklio informacinių sistemų (toliau – IS) naudojimas paprastų vartotojų, verslo ir vyriausybinių organizacijų tarpe, reikalauja vis aukštesnės tokių IS kokybės. Žiniatinklio IS dažniausiai yra tokia programinė įranga, kurios sudėtingumas, dėl keleto apjungiamų technologijų, yra aukštas, o pokyčių greitis yra didelis. Vykdant palaikymo ir priežiūros darbus, gali atsirasti begalė klaidų, kurias iššaukia atlikti pakeitimai. Regresinio testavimo paskirtis yra užtikrinti, jog įdiegus programinės įrangos pakeitimus, tokius kaip naujo funkcionalumo pridėjimas ar jau egzistuojančio taisymas, ankstesnėje IS versijoje veikęs funkcionalumas veiks taip pat gerai ir naujojoje versijoje. Šiame darbe tiriami iš HTML žymų sudarytą IS atsaką galintys palyginti regresinio testavimo algoritmai (toliau – testų orakulai). HTML ãtsako kaip teksto lyginimas pateikia per daug klaidingai teigiamų (angl. false positives) rezultatų – testuotojas užverčiamas pranešimais apie netikras klaidas. Mūsų realizuotas testų orakulas HTML žymų atsaką nagrinėja kaip medžio struktūrą. Toks algoritmo veikimas leidžia tikrinti arba netikrinti aprašytas HTML semantines savybes, ko pasekoje yra sumažinamas klaidingai teigiamų ir klaidingai neigiamų rezultatų kiekis. Realizuotas testų orakulas nuo literatūroje aprašomų ir rinkoje siūlomų testų orakulų skiriasi tuo, jog nepraneša apie klaidą, kai HTML atsakas būna papildytas naujomis žymomis, kurios nekeičia pradinės medžio struktūros. Žiniatinklio IS... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Common usage of web information systems among consumers, business and governmental organizations require higher quality of such systems. Web information systems is such a software, which has high complexity because of the multiple technology usage and tends to rapid changes. Errors may occur because of the changes that have been made through maintenance period. Regression testing purpose is to ensure, that software changes such as new functionality or previously existed functionality modification, did not affect functionality, which was well working in the older version. In these master thesis we analyze test oracle comparators which can compare HTML response. HTML as a text comparison produces too many false positives. Meanwhile our test oracle comparator analyses HTML response as is was a tree structure. Thus implementation of the test oracle comparator algorithm enables opportunity to validate or not to validate described HTML semantic features. Therefore, we get fewer false positives and false negatives. Our implemented test oracle comparator differs from the ones described in literature or the ones proposed in market by capability not to warn tester about changes such as newly added HTML tag, which do not change overall tree structure. In this way the introduction of natural functionality growth is allowed. After improvement our test oracle comparator detects 90 % errors with the 90 % precision, whereas in the market existing test oracle comparator of the regression... [to full text]

Code faults can seriously degrade scientific software accuracy. Therefore, it is imperative that scientific software developers scrutinize their codes in an attempt to find these faults. This thesis explores, particularly, the efficacy of code testing as a method of scientific software code fault detection. Software engineers, as experts in code quality, have developed many code testing techniques, but many of these techniques cannot readily be applied to scientific codes for at least two reasons. First, scientific software testers do not usually have access to an ideal oracle. Second, scientific software outputs, by nature, can only be judged for accuracy and not correctness. Testing techniques developed under the assumption that these two problems can be ignored--as most have been--are of questionable value to computational scientists. To demonstrate the reality of these problems and to provide an example of how software engineers and scientists can begin to address them, this thesis discusses the development and application of a novel technique: Mutation Sensitivity Testing (MST). MST is based on traditional mutation testing, but--in place of a focus on mutant "killing"--MST focuses on assessing the mutation sensitivity of a test set. In this thesis, MST experiments are conducted using eight small numerical routines, four classes of mutation operators, and 1155 tests. The results are discussed and some conclusions are drawn. Two observations are of particular interest to computational scientists. First, it is found that oracles that exhibit uncertainties greater than (approximately) 80% of the expected output are of questionable value when they are used in the testing of scientific software. Second, it is found that a small number of carefully selected tests may be sufficient to falsify a code. / Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2009-04-19 13:34:08.943

La stéganographie est l'art de la communication secrète. L'objectif est de dissimuler un message secret dans un médium anodin de sorte qu'il soit indétectable. De nos jours, avec la généralisation d'Internet et l'apparition des supports numériques (fichiers audio, vidéos ou images), plusieurs philosophies de conception de schéma stéganographique ont été proposées. Parmi les méthodes actuelles appliquées aux images numériques naturelles, nous trouvons les méthodes d'insertion adaptative, dont le principe repose sur la modification du médium de couverture avec une garantie d'avoir un certain niveau de sécurité. Ces méthodes représentent une véritable avancée en stéganographie.Dans ce manuscrit, après avoir rappelé les concepts récents de stéganographie adaptative, nous présentons une procédure automatique et complète pour l'insertion adaptative de données secrètes dans des images numériques naturelles. L'approche proposée est une " méta-méthode " basée " oracle ", appelée ASO (Adaptive Steganography by Oracle), qui permet de préserver à la fois la distribution de l'image de couverture et la distribution de la base d'images utilisée par l'émetteur. Notre approche permet d'obtenir des résultats nettement supérieurs aux méthodes actuelles de l'état de l'art, et est donc l'une, si ce n'est la meilleure approche du moment. Par ailleurs, nous définissons également un nouveau paradigme en stéganographie qui est la stéganographie par base, ainsi qu'une nouvelle mesure de sélection pour les images stéganographiées, permettant d'améliorer encore plus les performances de notre schéma d'insertion. Les différentes expérimentations, que nous avons effectuées sur des images réelles, ont confirmé la pertinence de cette nouvelle approche.

In this thesis success and failure of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementations through case studies of three Turkish organizations based on Critical Success Factors (CSFs) is investigated. The main purpose of this thesis is to reveal success and failure stories according to the effects of CSFs in ERP implementations. The case studies are composed of three Turkish organizations from different sectors. The data is gathered through active observations, analysis of project documents and interviews conducted with project managers who decided to implement ERP systems in their organizations, key users who involved in implementation projects, and consultants. All these projects are evaluated as success stories since most of the determined CSFs affected the implementation projects positively in these three organizations which have been using ERP system effectively for some period. Besides, the case studies show that there are problems about training, change management and legacy systems during projects and more attention should be paid on these issues during ERP implementation projects.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SUEHELLEN MONTEIRO DE MATOS.pdf: 677634 bytes, checksum: 59a28d5b0f6afe29b7c40c031f6365be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This exegetical study aims to demonstrate the maternal face of Yahweh revealed in the writings of Deutero-Isaiah, having as main source the oracle of salvation Is 43.1-7. To this end, we start from the analysis of the literary context, historical and religious Deutero-Isaiah, so that make the exegetical analysis of the text proposed by which we will focus, among various contents, the characteristic maternal presented in the passage. Understanding a text arises within a social environment, will highlight, based on the writings Deutero-Isaiah, the exiled community to which they are addressed prophets and prophetesses. Finally, combining the attributes of maternal goddesses Asherah and Ishtar with the fledgling maternal conception of Yahweh made by Hosea, we propose the maternal face of God based on texts of Deutero-Isaiah, in particular Is 43.1 to 7. / O presente estudo exegético tem por objetivo demonstrar a face materna de Javé revelada nos textos de Dêutero-Isaías, tendo como fonte principal o oráculo de salvação de Is 43,1-7. Para tal, partimos da análise do contexto literário, histórico e religioso de Dêutero-Isaías, paraentão fazer a análise exegética do texto proposto, através da qual enfocaremos, dentre os diversos conteúdos, a característica materna apresentada na perícope. Compreendendo que um texto surge dentro de um ambiente social, evidenciaremos, com base nos escritos de Dêutero-Isaías, a comunidade exilada à qual se dirigem profetas e profetisas. Por fim, combinando os atributos maternos das deusas Asherah e Ishtar com a incipiente concepção materna de Javé apresentado por Oséias, propomos a face materna de Deus com base nos textos dêuteroisaiânicos, em especial, Is 43,1-7.