Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate whether the corona pandemic has influenced preschool teachers' prerequisites to teach in preschool settings. We want to examine preschool teachers' experience of teaching under the influence of a pandemic and how that experience compares to teaching before the pandemic. By teaching we mean planning what to teach, how to teach and if the preschool teachers indeed have been able to implement what they planned to teach. Method: We study this with a phenomenographic research approach where the participating preschool teachers' experiences and thoughts are the main focus and where the material therefore is analyzed with a hermeneutic approach. This approach combined with the restrictions and recommendations of the pandemic, has affected our choice of method. Considering the pandemic, the data was gathered using qualitative questionnaires via email, with open questions where the preschool teachers’ have had the opportunity to answer the questions using their own words. Theory: The result has been analyzed from two perspectives; one is a theory about teaching from variation. The idea is that knowledge is learned through variations within the learning subject and the outer world combined. This theory is called variation theory. The other perspective is called developmental pedagogy which includes the teachers’ ability to see children's potential and relating the development of that potential to their own role as teachers, with an emphasis on the influence they themselves have on the learning situation. Results: The result from preschool teachers that have been participating in this study points to negative consequences due to an extensive absence of pedagogues', high level of stress amongst the preschool teachers’ and a change of priority from teaching to caring. In addition, the teachers also feel that the pandemic has limited their communication with the principal. On the other hand, teaching has been possible, but through new strategies and changed approaches. Conclusion: The participants felt an uncertainty about children ́s and pedagogues’ presence, reduced support from the principals and an increased feeling of stress. This has led to reductions and pauses in the planned education. Further, the teachers have also experienced a development in their teaching strategy and a positive impact on teaching in relation to the outdoor environment.

Therefore this edition of CEJ is dedicated to pressing criminal and compliance-related questions in connection with the coronavirus-pandemic.

In some nations, including Sweden and South Korea, cash payments are becoming increasingly uncommon. Other nations, such as Germany, continue to predominantly prefer cash. At the same time, digital currency is on the rise, and the announced launch of Facebook’s stablecoin Libra, in particular, has caused a debate around digital money. In response, a number of central banks have begun to consider launching their own versions of digital currency. This article analyzes characteristics of both cash and digital currency and illustrates advantages as well as disadvantages of digital money and a cashless society. In particular, privacy concerns regarding digital cash are addressed. In addition, compliance risks are highlighted, and it is deliberated whether the introduction of digital cash could lead to a decrease in crime related to cash and cryptocurrencies.

The announcement by Adidas, Deichmann and H&M to stop paying rent for their closed shops beginning in April has caused quite a stir. Tim Drygala explains why such behavior is covered by case law.

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Due to the coalition agreement of CDU/CSU and SPD the German Government shall implement a new act on corporate criminal liability before the end of the current election period. After an informal draft from the ministry in lead, the BMJV, was leaked to the public this issue is frequently discussed in the media. The author tries to give an overview on the main items of the draft law, the major concerns against it and the mediating draft of the Munich Concept.

In this comment piece, I will seek to examine the relationship between cryptocurrencies and virtual currencies from a compliance perspective. I will tie this to the underlying theme from multiple studies, that a lack of knowledge of these products means more needs to be done by policymakers and the crypto industry to form cohesive and understandable standards that unearth what these products are, how they are used and how compliance analysts can be best supported to apply best practice procedures when conducting due-diligence checks. I will seek to lay out the advantages and disadvantages of recent developments and explore the challenges they pose on a socio-economic and macro level. This piece dissects the topic through four chapters. The first ties it into developments that unfolded during the global financial crisis, the use of collateralized debt obligations and other derivatives-based financial instruments, ultimately showing how a lack of knowledge was an underlying theme within the banking system during the 2008 global financial crisis. The second chapter combines the theme of knowledge and awareness of a product with the way in which people view cryptocurrency and digital coins, including regulators, courts and policymakers. The third explores recent developments from international central banks and governments, from sanctioned countries using of the product to help their citizens to international alliances forming across the globe in support of central-bank digital currencies. The final chapter unpacks the advantages and disadvantages of using these financial instruments, from countries in the global south suffering from scams to the pressure it takes on energy efficiency, concluding that more needs to be done to educate users, regulators and everyone in between for the success of the digital currency to be fully realized.

Michele DeStefano, founder and Content Curator of CEJ, is a Professor of Law at Miami Law and the director and founder of LawWithoutWalls. Guenther Dobrauz-Saldapenna is a Partner with PwC in Zurich, Leader of PwC Legal Switzerland, a member of PwC’s Global Legal Leadership Team directing the firm’s global legal practice and the firm’s Global LegalTech Leader. DeStefano and Dobrauz are editors of the book “New Suits. Appetite for Disruption in the Legal World” published in June 2019. It combines the expertise of 47 (!) authors, many of whom are already proven experts in the worldwide legal tech scene.

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The Austrian Act on Corporate Criminal Liability (VbVG) entered force on 1 January 2006 and has now been in effect fourteen years. The following article will evaluate the VbVG’s frequency of application in practice and critically examine the dominance of procedural termination (rather than prosecution) at the discretion of the district attorney’s office.