Orientador: Ivan Amaral Guerrini / Banca: Alfredo Pereira Junior / Banca: Gilberto Luppi dos Anjos / Resumo: O problema que motivou esse trabalho foi a dificuldade, por parte dos profissionais da saúde, em acolher o sofrimento psíquico nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) e nas unidades da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Neste trabalho investigamos se esta dificuldade se deve a inadequação epistemológica do paradigma vigente na medicina para lidar com estas questões. Usando uma metodologia baseada em revisão de literatura tradicional, analisamos a utilização do termo paradigma na produção científica brasileira dos últimos dez anos, armazenada na base de dados SciELO. Após busca pelas palavraschave paradigma e medicina e seleção prévia, 17 textos foram escolhidos. Realizamos então análises linguísticas e um levantamento da temática emergente. A análise linguística foi realizada através do levantamento da frequência de uso de termos relevantes nos textos e do grafo de co-ocorrências construído utilizando estes termos. Posteriormente os artigos foram organizados conforme seu foco principal, em três grupos: teórico, ensino médico e prática médica. Levantou-se então a temática emergente de cada grupo. Os textos discutiram algumas das ideias de Kuhn, enfatizando características do paradigma médico hegemônico, sinais de crise desse paradigma e a necessidade de um novo paradigma para lidar com as demandas da atenção primária. Vários artigos apresentaram experiências inovadoras implantadas em Unidades de Saúde e exemplos de mudanças nos currículos de cursos de medicina. O sofrimento psíquico é reconhecido como anomalia paradigmática e a integralidade é caracterizada como um problema epistemológico para o paradigma vigente. As bases teóricas do SUS podem ser consideradas como uma revolução científica, no acepção de Kuhn. A promoção da saúde é um novo e promissor paradigma pois enfatiza a integralidade do cuidado, a prevenção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The motivation for this work was the difficulties faced by health professionals to treat patients with psychic suffering in Health Basic Units (HBU) and in Strategies for Family Health. In this work, we investigate if these difficulties were due to epistemological deficiencies of the present medicine paradigm. Using a methodology based on bibliographic review, we analyzed the use of the word paradigm in Brazilian scientific articles in SciELO database on the last ten years. Initially we browsed for the keywords: paradigm and medicine and selected 17 texts. We then performed some computational linguistic analyses: we measured the words frequency and constructed the co-occurrences graph of the 50 most commonly used words. Afterwards we organized the articles according to their focus in three classes: theoretical, medical education, and medical practice. We then determined the emerging themes for each class. The texts discussed some of Kuhn's ideas and emphasized characteristics of the hegemonic paradigm for medicine, crisis signs for this paradigm and the need of a paradigm shift to deal with primary care. Several articles presented innovative experiences carried out on Health Units and examples of changes on the curricula of medicine courses. The psychic suffering is considered a paradigmatic anomaly and integrality is characterized as an epistemological problem to the present paradigm. The Unified Health System (UHS) theoretical basis can be considered a scientific revolution in Kuhn perspective. Health promotion is a new and promising paradigm since it emphasizes integrality in the medical care, prevention, and commitment with quality of life and stimulates the community participation. Our analysis shows that the authors are of the opinion that many of the challenges faced by Brazilian health system are originated from epistemological questions. Although UHS is a theoretical breakthro... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Maria Bernadete Marques Abaurre / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T16:19:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula_Adrianade_M.pdf: 7019024 bytes, checksum: e4a9801ec48602f92aa424365f27aa91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação de Mestrado, como sugere o próprio título, é, a partir da análise de dados de um corpus longitudinal, discutir o papel do desenho no processo de aquisição da linguagem escrita de M.L, autora de uma vasta produção de desenhos e textos escritos que se encontram arquivados no banco de dados do Projeto ?A relevância teórica dos dados singulares no processo de aquisição da linguagem escrita?, desenvolvido desde 1992 no IEL/Unicamp. Através desse acompanhamento longitudinal, buscamos marcas do trabalho individual de M.L.com a escrita e com o desenho que possam ser tomadas como indícios de um estilo em construção. Tomando como ponto de partida a busca de singularidades na produção textual de M.L, a análise dos dados foi baseada no paradigma indiciário de investigação (cf. Ginzburg, 1986, Abaurre et alli, 1992, 1997) e na concepção de estilo defendida por Possenti (1988), bem como na teoria dos gêneros do discurso de Bakhtin (1953/1979) e ancorou-se em uma concepção sócio-histórica de linguagem (cf. Franchi, 1987) a partir da qual foi possível traçar considerações sobre a relação sujeito/linguagem ao longo de seu processo de aquisição da escrita. Com base na apresentação e análise de dados referentes a diferentes momentos do percurso de M.L. pelo mundo da escrita, traçamos reflexões sobre o seu trabalho individual com a linguagem, buscando mostrar de que modo ela explorou a escrita e o desenho na manifestação de seu querer-dizer / Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation, as suggested by its title, is to discuss, based on the analysis of data from a longitudinal corpus, the role of drawing in the process of written language acquisition by M.L., the author of a wide production of drawings and written texts filed in the data bank of the project ?The theoretical relevance of singular data in the process of written language acquisition?, conducted since 1992 at IEL/Unicamp. In the course of our analysis we searched for features characteristic of M.L.'s individual work with writing and drawing which could be taken as evidences of a style under construction. Taking as a starting point the quest for singularities in M.L.'s text production, the analysis of the data was based on the clue paradigm of investigation (see Ginzburg, 1986, Abaurre at alli, 1992, 1997), on the notion of style proposed by Possenti (1988), as well as on Bakhtin's (1953/1979) theory of discourse genres, and was anchored in a social-historical conception of language (Franchi, 1987). Based on these assumptions it was possible to discuss the relation ship between the subject and language during her process of writing acquisition. Based on the presentation and analysis of data concerning different moments of M.L.'s language acquisition process, we have identified reflections, on M.L.'s individual work with language, of how she explored writing and drawing to say what she meant to say / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

O fenômeno de Sincronicidade apresenta-se como um tipo de raciocínio que considera os eventos como elementos significativamente correspondentes inseridos em campos, e não tão somente a partir da ligação causal existente entre eles. A Sincronicidade pode oferecer respostas muitas vezes até mais eficazes do que o raciocínio causal e mostra-se passível de categorização. É hipótese desse trabalho que esse tipo de apreensão da realidade apresente-se mais desenvolvido em indivíduos pertencentes a uma esfera mais religiosa. Para investigar a ocorrência e sua percepção do modo sincronístico de apreensão da realidade em indivíduos de diferentes tipos de religiosidade, foram conduzidas entrevistas semi-dirigidas com representantes de diferentes cultos religiosos e indivíduos supostamente de raciocínio mais cartesiano ou incrédulos, para posterior análise fenomenológica. Trazemos aqui as análises das entrevistas de, por um lado, um indivíduo supostamente mais afetado pelo fenômeno sincronístico - uma praticante sufi - e, por outro, entre os supostamente menos afetados, de um ateu. Notou-se claramente um desenvolvimento maior de uma apreensão sincronística da realidade entre os indivíduos supostamente mais afetados pelo fenômeno e, na medida do possível, conceitou-se particularidades do fenômeno de Sincronicidade, assinalando-se a possibilidade de caracterizá-lo como evento sagrado, em conformidade às concepções apresentadas do fenômeno sacral / Synchronicity presents itself as a kind of reasoning that considers the events as significantly corresponding elements inserted into fields, and not solely from the causal link between them. Synchronicity can offer answers often more effective than causal reasoning and shows itself liable to categorization. Working hypothesis here is that this kind of apprehension of reality presents itself more developed in individuals belonging to a sphere more religious. To investigate the occurrence and perception of synchronistic way of apprehending reality in individuals of different types of religiosity were conducted semi-structured interviews with representatives of different religious cults and individuals supposed more Cartesian or unbelievers, for further phenomenological analysis. We bring here the analysis of interviews, on the one hand, an individual supposedly most affected by the phenomenon synchronistic - a Sufi practitioner - and, secondly, between the supposedly less affected, an atheist. It was noted clearly further development of a seizure synchronistic reality between individuals allegedly most affected by the phenomenon, and to the extent possible, it is thought particularities of the phenomenon of synchronicity, indicating the possibility to characterize it as a sacred event, according to the conceptions of the phenomenon presented sacral

Orientador: Zacarias Pereira Borges / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T08:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AltimarCostada_D.pdf: 3836672 bytes, checksum: 7a1ce88b5f391179fc07a0177cf2c69c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa foi norteada pelo seguinte problema: Diante das múltiplas mudanças paradigmáticas, da problemática que envolve a gestão educacional e do contexto que organiza e estrutura o sistema de ensino paulista, é possível a proposição de uma gestão educacional resiliente? Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo do trabalho é se constituir num estudo que pretende analisar as possibilidades para a instituição da resiliência como um fundamento essencial da gestão educacional num contexto de mudanças paradigmáticas, culminando com a proposição de uma gestão educacional resiliente com os seus quatro pressupostos: a resiliência como uma mudança epistemológica e paradigmática; a resiliência como manifestação energética da vontade de potência; a resiliência como modelo salutogênico e a resiliência como transcendência, bem como, com a sua característica principal de gestão educacional resiliente como pessoa resiliente, trazendo os aspectos da responsabilidade, autonomia, flexibilidade, solidariedade, abertura e inteligência. Os métodos de pesquisa utilizados foram o bibliográfico e o comparativo. O capítulo cinco está dividido em duas partes. A primeira trata dos resultados de uma pesquisa documental sobre os registros dos gestores no Curso Programa de Desenvolvimento Gerencial (PDG) Educação: Gestão Escolar e a Política Educacional. A outra apresenta os resultados de uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Forneceram suporte às duas técnicas de pesquisa: o paradigma sistêmico, a abordagem qualitativa e o método de interpretação de sentidos. Foram diversos os posicionamentos dos Diretores de Escola e dos Supervisores de Ensino, que encontraram pertinência e estabeleceram vínculo com o conceito de resiliência. Somando-se todas as reflexões empreendidas através da fundamentação teórica, as observações extraídas tanto na pesquisa documental como na entrevista semi-estruturada, acentuou-se a intenção de sugerir a incorporação da proposta de uma gestão educacional resiliente como um caminho possível não apenas para a Secretaria da Educação de São Paulo, mas para os demais organismos e sistemas educacionais que enfrentam os fatores de risco. / Abstract: This research was leaded by the following issue: considering the multiple paradigmatic changes, the problems that involves the educational management and the context that organize and structure the São Paulo State's teaching system, is it possible the proposition of a resilient educational management? In this perspective, the objective of this work is to build in a study that intend to analyze the possibilities for the institution of resilience as an essential fundament of educational management in a context of paradigmatic changes, culminating with the proposition of a resilient educational management with its four assumptions: the resilience as an epistemological and paradigmatic change; the resilience as an energetic manifestation of the power of will; the resilience as a salutogenic model and the resilience as a transcendence, as well as with its main resilient educational management characteristic as resilient person, bringing the aspects of responsibility, autonomy, flexibility, solidarity, openness and intelligence. The research methods used were bibliographic and comparative. The fifth chapter is divided in two parts. The first explores the results of a documental research about the registers of the managers from the Course Program of Management Development (PMD) Education: School Management and the Educational Politics. The other presents the results of a semi structured interview. Provided support to the two research techniques: the systematic paradigm, the qualitative approach and the sense interpretation method. Were several the positioning of the school directors and educational supervisors that found relevance and established a link with the resilience concept. Adding up all reflections undertaken though the theoretical embasement, the observation extracted both at the documental research and at the semi structured interview, it was accentuated the intention of suggest the incorporation of the proposal of resilient educational management as a possible way not only to the Education Secretary of São Paulo, but for all the organisms and educational systems that face the risk factors. / Doutorado / Politicas, Administração e Sistemas Educacionais / Doutor em Educação

[pt] A soma dos gastos associados ao desenvolvimento de software é o fator preponderante na composição do custo total dos sistemas de computação. Desta forma, deve-se procurar otimizar o processo de desenvolvimento visando minimizar o custo do software sem incorrer em perda de qualidade do sistema como um todo. Este trabalho apresenta um experiência de utilização de uma metodologia de desenvolvimento de software no ambiente de construção e suporte a sistemas distribuídos RIO. A metodologia adotada é baseada no conceito de abstrações e usa uma linguagem especializada (SPEC) para a descrição de especificações. Conceitos de lógica são também utilizados para formalizar o comportamento da aplicação e de seus componentes, o que facilita o uso de procedimentos automatizados para a detecção de erros e simplificação das especificações. Os paradigmas adotados em SPEC são similares aos disponíveis para a concepção e construção de sistemas aplicativos no ambiente RIO. Isso simplifica o processo de transformação das especificações obtidas em uma implementação. / [en] The sum of costs associated to the software development is the dominant factor in the composition of the total cost of the computer systems. Thus, the software development process shoild be optimized in order to reduce its cost without incurring in losses for the overall system quality. This work presents an experience of a software methodology in the RIO environment for the support of distributed systems. The adopted methodology is based on abstractions and uses a specialized language (SPEC) for the description of the specifications. Logic concepts are also used to formalize the behaviour of the applicationa and its components This facilities the use of automatic procedures for correctness checks an simplification of the specifications. The paradigms adopted by SPEC are similar to those supported in the RIO environment. This simplifies the process of translation fo the specification into a system implementation.

Synthen är ett instrument vars ljud inte behöver begränsas av dess fysiska form och utseende i samma utsträckning som instrumenten före dess tid. Inte heller är den begränsad till ett signifikant ljud utan har möjligheten att producera en enorm variation av både imitativa som unika ljud. Men med tidens gång har vi etablerat och fastställt vissa etablerade konventioner vid användningen av synthen, underliggande koncepten som tidigare paradigm har skapat inom vår förhållningsätt till den. Syftet med undersökningen är att belysa två etablerade konventioner i synthens användargränssnitt och ljuddesignsfunktion, nämligen klaviatur och förinställda ljud. Detta för att sedan med hjälp av tre djupintervjuer forma en bild av hur några av dagens producenter av elektronisk musik tycker, tänker och använder sig av dessa funktioner. För att ge en referenspunkt till konventionerna som behandlas i intervjuerna har litteratur om synen samt utvecklingen av synthen studerats och satts i kontext med paradigmbegreppet. Resultatet av undersökningen antyder på att konventionerna inte används i dess ursprungliga mening i fallet med de tre informanterna. Dock så letar sig konventionerna in i många av de synthar som informanterna använder sig av. Musikstil påverkar även hur producenterna använder sig av de etablerade konventionerna, Detsamma gäller även i viss mån användandet av synthar i live sammanhang.

Dans un contexte général de flexibilisation croissante du travail, la mise à disposition de salariés chez une entreprise tierce est une pratique qui se développe, mais fragilise le sentiment d’appartenance et l’adhésion des salariés aux valeurs du groupe ; déterminants de l’efficience organisationnelle. L’objectif de notre travail de recherche visait, dans le contexte décrit, à restaurer ces éléments. Les recherches sur le paradigme de la communication engageante (CE) présentent un effet positif sur certaines attitudes au travail, sa mobilisation paraissait pertinente pour répondre à cette problématique. Cependant l’état des connaissances ne permettait pas d’anticiper son efficacité dans un contexte social d’appartenances groupales croisées et multiples. Trois séquences de recherche ont été menées afin de répondre à cette problématique : 1) la problématisation scientifique et appliquée souligne la nécessité de prendre en compte les théories de l’identité sociale afin de compléter l’approche comportementale de la CE, une approche méta- théorique est alors proposée. 2) La partie expérimentale a permis de mettre à l’épreuve le modèle précédemment suggéré dans 10 expérimentations dont les résultats montrent globalement un effet modérateur de facteurs identitaires sur l’efficacité de la CE 3) La partie implémentation a mis à l’épreuve du terrain, au sein de 2 agences, les articulations théoriques mises au jour, en proposant une stratégie de CE basée sur une succession d’actions et a montré des résultats contrastés. La pertinence et les ouvertures de la perspective méta-théorique proposée sont discutées à la lumière des différents résultats expérimentaux et appliqués / In a general context of increasing labor flexibility, the provision of employees to a third-party company is an inscreasingly common practice but it weakens the sense of belonging and the adhesion of employees to the values of the group; Determinants of organizational efficiency. The objective of our research was to restore these elements in the context described. Research on the binding communication paradigm (BC) shows a positive effect on certain attitudes at work, and its mobilization seemed relevant to answer this problem. However, the state of knowledge did not allow to anticipate its effectiveness in a social context of crossed and multiple groups. Three research sequences have been carried out in order to answer this problem: 1) the scientific and applied problematization emphasizes the need to take into account the theories of social identity in order to complete the behavioral approach of the BC, a meta-theoretical model is then proposed. 2) The experimental part allowed to test in 10 experiments the model previously suggested which results overall show moderating effect of identity factors on the effectiveness of the BC. 3) The implementation part within 2 agencies has tested the theoretical articulations previously revealed by proposing a BC strategy based on a succession of actions and showed contrasting results. The relevance and the openings of the proposed meta-theoretical perspective are discussed in the light of the different experimental and applied results.

Recent trends in scholarship on Plato’s philosophy have shifted emphasis from an almost exclusive focus on inductive and deductive logical techniques, and even ethics, to the treatment of image, myth and the literary dimension, above all in the work of scholars such as Kahn, Rowe and Gonzalez. In keeping with this trend, recent scholars, like Gill, Notomi and Collobert, have postulated the need for a philosophical image on the basis of a reading of the Sophist and Statesman. This thesis examines the unique significance given to the term ‘paradigm’ in Plato’s Sophist and Statesman. Paradigm is Plato’s term for image. A close reading of these dialogues shows, however, that such an image is “philosophical” or dialectical only insofar as it leads to a proportionate grasp of higher, invisible, ethical realities. This is the connection the specialist work on image in the Sophist and Statesman bears to wider scholarship on the literary dimension of Plato. Plato provides, in the Sophist and Statesman, three ways of making use of paradigms: (1) the use of an analogy, like the city and the soul and the weaving analogy, which is functionally equivalent to the analogy of the city and the soul, (2) an inductively defined universal essence, for example, the universal essence of a human being, like Socrates, and (3) an ethical character, like the Socrates Plato presents in his dramatic composition, or other characters presented in myth. The distancing effect Plato uses in the Sophist and Statesman suggests that Plato, himself, is the philosophical artist or image-maker. This is an important topic for one unifying reason. The question of a philosophical image in Plato remains unanswered or inadequately answered. Although the Sophist and Statesman treat this question, the exceeding technicality of these dialogues has lead commentators, unanimously, to treat the exploration of image and essence in these Eleatic dialogues, as a kind of island, separated from Plato’s work. My study, by leading readers of Plato to a greater awareness of the importance of these works for Plato on image and Plato as artist, turns this island into a peninsula.

This thesis presents and applies at Islamic economics one of the approaches on basis of wich is it possible to identify or to refuse Islamic economics as a new paradigm. The aim of the thesis is achieved by the way of comparison of this concept to the economics as such, defined on the basis of Colader's, Holt's and Rosser's definition of mainstream economics, and the conclusion is made that on the basis of the comparative analysis it is rather impossible to describe modern Islamic economics as a new paradigm in economics.

La Philosophie est depuis toujours une posture sui generis devant la réalité, une manière spécifique de comprendre le réel ; et l’attitude philosophique est celle de l’insatisfaction devant les données présentes faisant que la recherche constante, pour dévoiler ce qu’est au tour de nous, soit la caractéristique la plus remarquable de la propre Philosophie.L’inconfort intellectuel qui, d’ailleurs anime tout le parcours de l’évolution de la pensée, d’abord, liée à la recherche de moyens pour faire face au milieu de l’homme en tant que vivant, caractérise toujours la nature humaine.En discutant sur les cultures et les technologies de l’information et de la communication, nous croyons nous introduire à l’un des problèmes fondamentalement humains, en ce sens que nous cherchons par-là comprendre dans quelle mesure nous pouvons traiter tels acquis de l’humanité qui sont universels, mais, qui, dans la pratique, se conçoivent dans la singularité des peuples. D’ailleurs, s’il est vrai que l’homme a cette caractéristique de ne pas se laisser dresser par le milieu, mais, au contraire de le dominer, il est également vrai que les milieux sont divers et, dans ces diversités, les hommes essayent des manières diverses à transformer ces milieux. Comment alors traiter ces diversités ? Quelle place devons-nous accorder aux expériences cachées dans les logiques de vie, de l’ensemble des valeurs qui ne sont pas forcément du domaine de la connaissance universelle ? Mais, également, avec quelle légitimité les expériences non cachées doivent s’imposer dans l’univers des cultures ?C’est dans cette problématique que nous essayons de proposer la présente réflexion, en faisant intervenir les technologies de l’information et de la communication dans leurs diverses acceptions.En effet, l’histoire témoigne que les rapports humains ne sont pas toujours dans la perspective de rapprochement des cultures, et beaucoup d’acquis des hommes ont été conçus comme des conditions pour justifier les guerres, les dominations et les divisions entre les hommes. Cette réalité fait qu’en même temps on voit, actuellement, les technologies de l’information et de la communication comme un outil à l’échelle planétaire, on puisse s’inquiéter grandement par sa prise paradigmatique dans la question du développement qui, comme nous le démontrons, exige d’autres interventions et attentions que celles des technologies de l’information et de la communication mêmes.En pensant à la possibilité de la contribution des technologies de l’information et de la communication dans le souci du développement, mais en constatant par ailleurs que l’analphabétisme rend presque impossible l’appropriation de celles-ci, nous croyons que tout passe par une reconstitution et reconsidération des pratiques spécifiques des personnes, en particulier l’agriculture, comme moyens pour faire face à leurs milieux.Nous revenons, de cette façon à la question de la technique (en considérant la technologie comme état perfectionné de celle-ci) et à la nécessité d’accorder la place à la pensée technique qui rend possible le fait que tout l’homme dans ses conditions spécifiques, ne puisse pas être un simples produit de son milieu. / Since ancient times, Philosophy is a posture sui generis in front of reality, a specific manner of understanding reality: the philosophical attitude is characterized by permanent dissatisfaction regarding to available data. It is this dissatisfaction that turns permanent research, which is designed to find out what is around us, into the most remarkable characteristic of Philosophy.The uncomfortable reasoning, which accompanies the evolution of philosophical thought characterized by permanent searching of ways of dealing with the challenges of the environment in which human beings live, is the main trait of human nature. By examining cultures and information and communication technologies, we believe we are introducing ourselves to one of the really typical human problem, in the sense that we are seeking to find out how we can examine these universal assets of the humanity, but which are, in practice, shaped in the singularity of the people. Moreover, while it is true that the human beings share this characteristic of not enabling the environment to defeat them, but they do whatever they can to dominate it, it is also true that environments are varied and, within this diversity, the human beings test several manners of dealing with different environments. How, then, can this diversity be examined? What role do we attribute to the set of experiences hidden under these life patterns, that is to say, the set of values that do not belong to universal knowledge? With which legitimacy the experiences not hidden should impose themselves upon the universe of cultures?It is within this context that we propose the current analysis, which is based in different acceptations of ICT. As a matter of fact, history demonstrates that human relationships do not always tend to approach different cultures, and that several human deeds were conceived as conditions to justify wars, domination and division among human beings. This fact leads us to a double position: while we keep on regarding ICT as powerful worldwide tools, we start being worried about the fact that ICT are being given a paradigm status in the issue of development, which, as we well demonstrate later, requires other interventions and attentions different from ICT’s.When thinking of the possibility of ICT’s contribution to the issue of development, and when realizing that illiteracy doesn’t enable them to be mastered, we think what has to be done is a reconstitution and reconsideration of peoples’ specific practices, in particular agricultural activities, as a way of dealing with environmental challenges. We are, in this way, back to the issue of technique – conceiving technology as a perfect state of technique – and to the need of attributing a specific role to the technical thought, which enables every human being, in specific conditions, to not just be a simple product of the environment.