The Schools and Colleges Permaculture (SCOPE) Programme in Zimbabwe has developed a process for use by schools in planning for the sustainable management of their land. The process is called Integrated Land-Use Design (ILUD) and is based on Permaculture principles. The ILUD process has so far been implemented in 54 pilot schools where it has been used to facilitate the re-design of the school grounds through the active participation of the students, staff and parents. The aim of this research was to investigate what environmental learning takes place during the implementation of the ILUD process and related activities, with a view to informing the improvement of the process. The research was conducted within the interpretive paradigm with particular use being made of the Symbolic Interactionist theoretical framework to explore the social situations in which the ILUD process has been applied. A purposive sample of two schools and five form 4 (grade 11) pupils from each school was selected for the study. The main data collection method was the structured interview. Other data were collected from nonparticipant observations and the analysis of documents, particularly photographs. The data was analysed using the constant comparative method. The findings point towards a significant contribution from the Permaculture activities to the environmental knowledge, environmental management skills and the positive environmental attitudes of the pupils. The work done at the two schools indicates the usefulness of the ILUD process as a tool for environmental action in the schools but its application in the communities was found to be limited by constraints such as lack of resources and the limited capacity of teachers to work in the field of adult education and training. It is recommended that Permaculture should be integrated into the secondary school curriculum if the momentum of the progress made so far is to be maintained. The SCOPE Programme itself needs to be strengthened for its work with communities. There is, for example, a need for adult education and training methods if the introduction of ILUD to the communities is to be successful.

Mankind's relationship to the Material World is the defining and initial relationship when examining the evolution of sustainable development.Generally, mankind is intensely concerned with the environmental issues since the sixties of the last century, mainly because of the serious environmental changes which began to appear at that time. Permaculture, which is one of the alternative concepts, was originally created as a system of agricultural production and later extended to the different aspects of life: - cultural, economic and social.This work consists of several parts: in Pt. 1, I have analysed and summarized the project of the Forest Garden and the permacultural practices proposed in my Bachelor's thesis from the year 2011. Part 2 describes my application of recommended permacultural planting methods on selected crops, and the pros and cons of each procedure have been evaluated. In the Final part, I have followed traditional technological procedures and have elaborated the selected basic sorts of processed food.

In needing to create a better and more sustainable future for our world, changing our diet and finding a  sustainable ‘protein of the future’ is one of the necessary steps we must take. This thesis explores the relatively fresh, but not unheard of, concept of using food waste to rear mealworms for human consumption, in the Swedish context. It talks about why we should switch our protein source and how we can do it, by taking the reader step-by-step through the process of producing alternative proteins, and the various scales it can happen. The thesis is written from a waste management perspective and argues for viewing food waste as a resource, by utilising said resource to meet the demands of alternate systems (i.e. growing alternative protein sources), thereby closing the loop. Interviews are combined with literature in such a way that the two compliment each other to make up for missing information, as the subject matter of using food waste to rear insects is still quite fresh and not discussed at great length in literature, especially in the Swedish context. The overarching theoretical point of departure comes from Bill Mollison’s and David Holmgren’s permaculture principles of design, which argues for a holistic view on production, consumption, the environment and just generally how we choose to live our lives. The thesis recommends that a good starting point in rearing insects with food waste, is through community initiatives and discusses how this is possible to achieve. The author hopes that this thesis can be used as a guide, whether it is used by a private individual, an interested group or community, or even municipal actors, to achieve a more sustainable future, and help change the norm of our waste, going to waste. / För att skapa en bättre och mer hållbar framtid är en förändring i vår kost genom att hitta ett hållbart alternativt protein, ett av de nödvändiga stegen vi måste ta. I denna studie undersöks det relativt nya men inte helt okända konceptet att använda matavfall för att föda upp mjölmaskar för livsmedelskonsumtion, i en svensk kontext. Studien diskuterar varför vi bör ersätta vår nuvarande proteinkälla och hur vi kan göra det. Läsaren guidas steg för steg genom processen att producera alternativa proteiner och de olika skalor det kan göras i. Studien är skriven ur ett avfallshanteringsperspektiv och argumenterar för att matavfall ska ses som en resurs som kan användas för att möta efterfrågan på alternativa system (det vill säga alternativa proteinkällor) och därigenom sluta cirkeln. Intervjuer kombineras med litteratur och kompletterar på så sätt varandra och fyller i kunskapsluckor, eftersom ämnet att använda matavfall till uppfödning av insekter fortfarande är relativt nytt och inte diskuteras i särskilt stor utsträckning i litteraturen, särskilt inte i Sverige. Den övergripande teoretiska utgångspunkten kommer från Bill Mollisons och David Holmgrens permakulturprinciper, som argumenterar för en helhetssyn på produktion, konsumtion, miljö och i stort hur vi väljer att leva våra liv. Studien rekommenderar att en bra utgångspunkt för uppfödning av insekter med matavfall är genom samhällsinitiativ och den diskuterar hur detta kan uppnås. Författaren hoppas att denna studie kan användas som en guide, oavsett om den används av en privatperson, en intressegrupp eller till och med av kommunala aktörer, för att uppnå en mer hållbar framtid och bidra till att ändra synen på vårt avfall, till att det ses som något mer än enbart avfall.

Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Given the complexities facing humanity in the light of impending social and environmental collapse, it is the design of sustainable communities at all levels of our society that must be achieved to limit this potential outcome. Attaining such a goal, it is known, requires that humanity ‘consciously evolve’. Furthermore I suggest that Integral Theory, because it is grounded in the evolution of consciousness, provides an important map to help navigate this tremendous journey. In this thesis I use Integral Theory as a lens through which to understand and reflect on my experiences over the past eighteen years of the design and development of the Tlholego Village, one of the early experimental Permaculture and Ecovillage communities developed in South Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gegewe die kompleksiteite wat die samelewing in die gesig staar as gevolg van die dreigende sosiale en omgewings verval, is die ontwikkeling van volhoubare gemeenskappe op alle vlakke van ons samelewing noodsaaklik om so ‘n uitkoms te verhoed. Om hierdie doel te bereik word dit voorgestel dat die samelewing bewustelik moet ontwikkel (‘consciously evolve’). Verder stel ek voor dat Integraal Teorie (‘Integral Theory’), gegrond in die evolusie van bewustheid, ‘n belangrike roetekaart verskaf om die geweldige reis te navigeer. In hierdie tesis gebruik ek Integraal Teorie as ‘n lens waardeur my ervarings tydens die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van die Tlholego Village (een van die vroee eksperimentele Permakultuur en Eko-dorp gemeenskappe wat ontwikkel is in Suid Afrika oor die afgelope agtien jaar) verstaan en nabetrag kan word.

This diploma thesis searches opportunities for foundations and inovations of schoolyards, which improve their education potencial. It draws on arguments for achieving the goals of primary education at schoolyards. Presented options are kategorized to three groupes by their primary function: to learn, to play, to work. This research deals with current stage of education potencial of schoolyards at chosen ordinary schools in Rakovník, Louny and Kladno districts. It focuses on schoolyards area and main ways of improving the education potencial of schoolyards. The second part of research finds answers on the same questions at schools which their schoolyards for outdoor learning some years actively construct.

A pesquisa organizada em quatro partes a partir do sistema de planejamento denominado Dragon Dreaming teve como objetivo a elaboração de um modelo de diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de ecovilas urbanas que possam ser utilizadas como opção para a transformação de bairros existentes ou a criação de novos assentamentos urbanos sustentáveis. Para isso foram abordados aspectos teóricos, visitas técnicas e participação em eventos sobre o tema que, a partir de métodos colaborativos, fundamentaram o processo de criação e implantação de um estudo de caso denominado Ecovila Urbana Sta. Margarida no município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, como parte experimental da pesquisa. A parte I SONHO apresenta as aspirações individuais que, expressas de forma teórica na pesquisa, estabelecem o referencial coletivo incluindo os conceitos do termo Ecovila e das Dimensões da Sustentabilidade; a parte II PLANEJAMENTO foi estruturada para adequar a teoria ao ambiente referente à parte experimental da pesquisa a partir de estratégias e alternativas; a parte III REALIZAÇÃO apresenta os conceitos e ideias viáveis e possíveis de serem postos em prática a partir da consolidação do projeto da Ecovila Sta. Margarida e dos resultados não previstos; e a parte IV CELEBRAÇÃO estabelece o fechamento do ciclo acrescentando, a partir da prática, uma nova experiência, possibilitando a reprodução do experimento e da pesquisa ampliando, desta forma, a rede de ecovilas e consequentemente a qualidade de vida. Os elementos e sistemas fundamentados na Permacultura e Avaliação de Ciclo Fechado previstos para a constituição da Ecovila Sta. Margarida, em processo de aprovação pelos órgãos públicos, que complementam a legislação urbana, levando-se em conta as normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - ABNT, caracterizam o assentamento como uma Ecovila e formam as diretrizes pretendidas organizadas em formato de um projeto de Lei Municipal, criando parâmetros para o planejamento, avaliação e aprovação de novas ecovilas. / This research, organized into four parts, based on a planning system called Dragon Dreaming, aims at creating a guideline model for the development of urban ecovillages. This model can be used as an option for transforming existing neighborhoods or creating new sustainable urban settlements. For that, technical visits, participation in events on the subject, and addressing theoretical aspects led to collaborative methods, that substantiated the process of creating and implementing a case study called Santa Margarida Urban Ecovillage in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, as part of the experimental research. Part I, DREAM, presents individual aspirations that, expressed theoretically in the research, establish the collective reference that include the concepts of the term \"ecovillage\" and the Dimensions of Sustainability; Part II, PLANNING, was structured to ensure suitability between theory and environment as presented in the experimental part of the research and was based on strategies and alternatives; Part II, PLANNING, was structured to ensure that the theory was adequate to the environment, as presented in the experimental part of the research and based on strategies and alternatives; Part III, ACHIEVEMENT, presents feasible concepts, as experienced in the consolidation of the project Santa Margarida Ecovillage, in which unanticipated results were also considered and, Part IV CELEBRATION establishes the closing of the cycle, and, based on practice, adds a new experience, that enables future reproduction of the experiment and the research, thus contributing to the expansion of ecovillage networks and consequently the quality of life. The elements and systems based on the Permaculture and Evaluation of Closed Cycle planned for the creation of the Santa Margarida Ecovillage (today undergoing government approval procedures) complement the urban legislation, that takes into account the regulations established by the Brazilian Association for Technical Standards - ABNT, characterize the settlement as an ecovillage and constitute guidelines in a format of Municipal Law project, thereby creating parameters for planning, assessment and approval of new ecovillages.

Beräkningar visar att det med nuvarande befolkning och en västerländsk levnadsstandard behövs upp till sju jordklot för vår försörjning. Tillsammans förbrukar USA och Europa 2/3 av jordens resurser varav flera därtill redan är överutnyttjade. Jordens nuvarande befolkning förbrukar i dagsläget 120 % mer av jordens resurser än vad som är hållbart. Med den västerländska människans nuvarande genomsnittliga livsstil förmår jorden bara försörja en miljard innevånare på ett hållbart sätt. Ofta är energieffektiviseringar och energibesparingar de lösningar som föreslås för att lösa de problem som det medför. Naturligtvis är det viktigt att spara energi men de tekniska lösningar som finns för att energieffektivisera kan inte ensamma utgöra en lösning. Det visar sig ofta vara så att investeringar i energieffektivisering och energieffektiv teknik leder till högre istället för till lägre energianvändning. Detta kallas för Jevons paradox. Ett sätt att komma runt denna paradox är att göra konsumenter medvetna. Konsumenternas medvetenhet ökar genom att minska avståndet till produktionen. Utnyttjandet av naturresurser blir då inte något abstrakt långt borta utan en konkret verklighet som de kan förhålla sig till. Det bästa skulle därför vara att i byggsammanhang skapa små i stort sett självförsörjande enheter. Permakultur, en metod och ett sätt att tänka som ursprungligen mest handlar om odling, erbjuder verktyg för att göra denna idé till verklighet. Permakultur fokuserar på att skapa småskaliga lösningar nära den enskilda människan för just självförsörjning. Detta går att implementera i olika grad beroende på varje enskilt falls förutsättningar. Den metod som tagits fram i detta arbete går ut på att undersöka platsens och projektets aktuella förutsättningar och sedan matcha detta mot de tekniska lösningar som finns. Syftet med detta är inte enbart att skapa en fungerande teknisk lösning utan också att skapa en lösning som gör brukarna medvetna om sin egen energianvändning. Detta arbete kretsar därför i hög grad kring ett konkret exempel, Freinetskolan Tallbacken i Ljusdal. Där kommer en byggnad uppföras som arbetar med dessa principer och detta arbete visar hur de principerna också kan överföras på byggnadens energiförsörjning. Arbetet visar vilka avvägningar som gjorts i detta enskilda fall och ger därför en hjälp för den som själv vill kunna göra liknande avvägningar i ett byggprojekt. / Calculations show that the current population on earth and with a western life-style takes up to seven earth-like planets to sustain a sustainable lifestyle. Today Europe and the U.S. consume 2/3 of the resources on earth of which many are already over-used. The current population is overconsuming the resources on earth with 120% above the sustainable level. With the standard that the western citizen demands, the earth would only be able to house only one billion citizens in a sustainable way. The suggestion to solve this problem is mostly to invest in energy saving technologies and to invest in energy saving solutions. Of course, energy savings indeed are important but technical solutions can not alone provide a solution. It is often shown that investments in energy efficiency and in energy saving technology leads to higher instead of lower energy consumption. This is known as Jevons paradox. A way to solve this paradox is to create awareness among the energy consumers. By decreasing the distance between energy use and energy production, the awareness among the consumers is likely to increase. Thus, the use of natural resources will no longer remain difficult to grasp and feel remote but will be something everyone can relate to. When it comes to the built environment, the best solution would therefore be to utilse relatively small units with a high grade of self supply. Permaculture, which is a concept captured from the world of farming, provides tools to investigate and to make this idea real. What permaculture and the planning tools of permaculture do is that it focuses on small scale solutions close to the end users. Permaculture is also a concept that allows implementation on levels that can be adapted to every single case. This means that there can be different levels of self sufficiency in every unique project. The method that is presented in this paper focuses in investigating the conditions of the site and the project, and to find the technical solutions that fulfill the prerequisites of the actual case. The purpose is not necessarily just to create a working technical solution but to create a solution that makes the inhabitants aware of their energy use. Therefore this paper focuses a lot on a real example: The Freinet School Tallbacken in the Swedish municipality of Ljusdal. The school is about to build a sports hall and a canteen using these principles. This paper shows the considerations made in that actual case and provides therefore a model for anyone who is interested in the implementation of these principles in any other project.

As a result of the industrialization process, the environment has been degraded both because of the great use of natural resources and energy, growth of the cities, and the difficulty in maintaining a balance between use and planet capacity. However, cities should create conditions to ensure urban and environmental quality standards capable of universalizing, and preventively act to avoid continuation in the current degradation trend. Therefore, it is important to incorporate the principles of social and environmental sustainability for producing human settlements, according to environmental planning. For this purpose, we can alternatively use Permaculture as an environmental planning tool, because it seeks to enable human begins to meet their needs with minimal environmental impact. Based on this statement, this work aims to motivate the discussion on this new paradigmatic base for production of human settlements, designing low-income subdivisions as built ecosystems. Adopting an inductive methodology, based on qualitative method, socioenvironmental guidelines are proposed and corresponding actions are suggested for giving directions to the stages of planning and design of subdivisions. Subsequently, to assist in verifying their employment on low-income housing settlements is prepared a checklist of proposed guidelines. Finally, a relationship matrix to verify the association between the main Permaculture principles of design and proposed guidelines, observing a high degree of interaction between them is created. As a conclusion of this work, we believe that it is possible to employ Permaculture as a tool for environmental planning in human settlements seeking socioenvironmental sustainability, because it incorporates ecological principles for providing a reduction in negative impacts generated by such buildings, besides allowing a better quality of life for its residents. Altogether, we consider that this work contributes to the field of urban planning, encouraging the debate on alternative ways of promoting urban development, by the adopting more environmentally appropriate and socially responsible solutions. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Com a industrialização, a grande concentração do uso de recursos naturais e de energia, o aparecimento dos aglomerados urbanos e a dificuldade em manter um balanço entre o uso e a capacidade de suporte do Planeta marcam o início da degradação ambiental. Torna-se, assim, necessário que as cidades busquem assegurar os padrões de qualidade urbana e ambiental, o que pode ser realizado por meio da incorporação dos preceitos da sustentabilidade socioambiental, segundo o planejamento ambiental. Para tanto, pode-se utilizar a Permacultura, pois esta visa permitir que os humanos satisfaçam suas necessidades com o mínimo de impacto ambiental. Baseando nisto, o presente trabalho objetiva ampliar o debate sobre essa nova base paradigmática de produção de assentamentos humanos, através da visualização dos loteamentos de interesse social como ecossistemas construídos. Através de uma metodologia indutiva, realizada por meio do método qualitativo, desenvolvem-se diretrizes socioambientais e estudam-se possíveis ações que visam nortear as fases de planejamento e projeto dos loteamentos, através do uso da Permacultura como mecanismo guia. Posteriormente, elabora-se uma lista de verificação (check-list) das diretrizes propostas, objetivando auxiliar na verificação da incorporação das mesmas nos loteamentos sociais. E, finalizando a discussão, cria-se uma matriz relacional entre alguns princípios permaculturais de design e as diretrizes propostas. Tal matriz possibilitou concluir que existe um elevado grau de interação entre princípios e diretrizes. Dentre as conclusões obtidas pelo levantamento realizado, constata-se de que é possível o uso da Permacultura como ferramenta de planejamento ambiental em assentamentos humanos, visando a sustentabilidade socioambiental. Assim, ao analisar o presente trabalho, considera-se que o mesmo contribui para a área do planejamento ambiental urbano, ao ampliar o debate sobre formas alternativas de promoção do desenvolvimento urbano, a partir de soluções ambientalmente mais adequadas e socialmente responsáveis.

TORQUATO, Renata Ribeiro. Superando o estigma da seca a partir de estratégias de convivência com o semiárido: o modelo da comunidade de Sussuí, Quixadá, Ceará. 2011. 128 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Pograma de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2011 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-04-15T16:34:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_rrtorquato.pdf: 2857969 bytes, checksum: 7161e0c2254bf67b23806f62745638a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-04-15T16:34:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_rrtorquato.pdf: 2857969 bytes, checksum: 7161e0c2254bf67b23806f62745638a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T16:34:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_rrtorquato.pdf: 2857969 bytes, checksum: 7161e0c2254bf67b23806f62745638a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / This Work has as purpose investigate the numerous strategies known as practices of acquaintanceship with the semiarid, having has a base the environmental history, the permaculture, the principles of agroecology and practices of environmental education. The study was carried out in the community of Sussuí, Quixadá, Ceará Central Hinterland, place where develops the Project of Community Integration with aid of Instituto Nordeste Cidadania – INEC. The dry’s problem is reassessed from a new perspective that seeks to live with the peculiarities and potentialities of the region. The drought’s problem doesn’t begin with lack of water and doesn’t end with arrival of rain station. There simply comes from the loss of agricultural production shortage, absence or rain’s irregularities. Fundamentally, the drought has direct connotations with periodic crises that affect the agricultural economy by unsuitability of crops produced with the conditions of potential and limitations of natural resources. In addition, others factors can aggravate like this, weathers change and the inappropriate manipulation of the natural resources. The Permaculture, the agroecology and the education work within the perspective of acquaintanceship with the semiarid, through of practices and alternatives handles that respect the environment ant optimizes the use of nature resource as well as guiding people to develop a new way of dealing with the peculiarities of a region subject to irregular rainfall. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as inúmeras estratégias de convivência com o semiárido, tendo como base a História Ambiental, a Permacultura, os princípios da Agroecologia e as práticas da Educação Ambiental em um processo participativo de troca de saberes. O estudo de caso foi realizado na comunidade de Sussuí, uma localidade do Sertão Central do Ceará, onde se desenvolve o Projeto de Integração Comunitária com o apoio do Instituto Nordeste Cidadania – INEC e parceria do Núcleo de Estudos e Práticas Permaculturais do Semiárido - NEPPSA. A problemática da seca é reavaliada neste estudo a partir de um novo olhar que busca conviver com as peculiaridades e potencialidades da região. O problema das secas não começa com a falta de água e nem termina com a chegada da estação chuvosa. Não é oriundo simplesmente da perda da produção agrícola por escassez, ausência ou irregularidade de chuvas. Fundamentalmente, a seca tem conotação direta com crises periódicas que afetam a economia agropecuária por inadaptação das lavouras produzidas com as condições de potencialidades e de limitações dos recursos naturais. Além desses, outros fatores podem agravar como, as mudanças climáticas e o manejo inadequado dos recursos naturais, contribuindo ao agravamento significativo das consequências resultantes da seca. A permacultura, a agroecologia e a educação ambiental trabalham dentro da perspectiva de convivência com o semiárido, através de práticas e manejos alternativos que respeitam o meio ambiente e otimizam o uso dos recursos naturais além de orientarem a população a desenvolver uma nova forma de lidar com as peculiaridades de uma região sujeita à irregularidade de chuvas.

This thesis aim to theoretically and empirically cover the theme of self-sufficient way of living in full spectrum from local economy supporting associations to clear pictures of live of the people who are trying to live self-sufficient. The work deals with many forms of self-sufficiency: energetic self-support, home schooling and sharing. In theoretical part of the work author specifies research questions whose are used for expanding and verifying conclusions or data from another researches. In the empirical part author analyse data collected during an ethnographic research (participant observation and semi-structured interviews in three households.