A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto econômico decorrente dos gastos de compras em três hospitais públicos com gestão por Organização Social de Saúde, do interior do estado de São Paulo: Centro de Referência da Saúde e da Mulher de Ribeirão Preto - MATER; Hospital Estadual de Ribeirão Preto - HERP e Hospital Estadual de Américo Brasiliense - HEAB. Um estudo retrospectivo dos processos de compras descentralizados realizados em 2012 e 2013, comparado com o modelo utilizado atualmente de compras em conjunto, de forma centralizada, nos anos de 2014 a 2015. / This research project aims to assess the economic impact of the shopping spending in three hospitals in the state of São Paulo, and they health reference center and Ribeirão Preto woman - MATER , state hospital in Ribeirão Preto - HERP and State Hospital Américo Brasiliense - HEAB . A retrospective study of procurement processes conducted in 2012 until the end of 2013, individually compared to the model currently used shopping together, which had its beginning in 2014 to May 2015.

A crescente competição entre empresas tem levado à busca da excelência em diversas áreas dentro das organizações. Assim, como o relacionamento da empresa com seus clientes é importante para os resultados desta, o relacionamento com seus fornecedores também se mostra vital. As empresas têm buscado um melhor desempenho de seus fornecedores, para estar mais bem preparadas para competir em seus mercados. Este trabalho discute a importância de compras e, principalmente, do papel decisivo que os fornecedores estão exercendo nas organizações, através de um estudo de caso. Também se busca analisar os quesitos adotados por uma empresa (modelo estudado) para medir o desempenho dos fornecedores em compras, de forma a tornar-se um referencial na tomada de decisões da empresa, de modo que esta possa melhorar seus indicadores quanto à performance de seus fornecedores. / The increasing competition between companies has led to the search of the excellency in various areas inside the organizations. As well as the relationship of the company with its customers it is important, for the results of the first, the relationship with its suppliers that also reveals vital. The companies have searched for one better performance of its suppliers, to be well prepared to compete in its markets. This work mainly argues the importance of purchases and of the decisive paper that the suppliers are exerting in the organizations. Also it searchs here to analyze the questions adopted for a company (model studied here) to measure the performance of the suppliers in purchases, in way that it can be a referencial for the taking of decisions on the part of the company, in way that this can improve its pointers to contribute to the performance of its suppliers.

[pt] O gerenciamento de compras e logística, em praticamente todas as empresas, pode se apresentar como um diferencial crucial em mercados onde o fator competitividade é elevado. Nas empresas que apresentam condições logísticas especiais, como é o caso da Petrobras, as operações logísticas se traduzem em desafios de integração entre diversas áreas. Desta forma, se faz imprescindível a compreensão e o controle de toda a cadeia de suprimentos empresarial visando a antecipação e mitigação dos eventuais problemas de transporte incorridos. O objetivo deste projeto é estudar os eventos de transportes recorrentes nas empresas que trabalham com equipamentos de grandes volumes, bem como sua relação com as atividades de compras e, a partir de uma revisão da literatura e aplicação de um estudo de caso, propor soluções pontuais para os problemas encontrados no transporte destes equipamentos. / [en] Procurement and logistics management in virtually all companies can present itself as a crucial differential in markets where competitiveness is present. In companies that have special logistic conditions, such as Petrobras, logistics operations can become a challenge of integration between different areas. Therefore, it is essential to understand and control the entire business supply chain in order to anticipate and mitigate possible transportation problems that might incur. The objective of this project is to study recurrent transportation events in companies that work with ultra-heavy equipment, as well as their relationship with the purchasing activities and, based on a literature review and a case study, propose specific solutions for the problems encountered in the transportation of these equipment.

Christmas is generally described as cultural, ritual and sociological phenomena of devotion, community and consumption. The topic of this dissertation concerns a specific stream of research within the general domain of consumer behaviour. The focal objective of this study is to develop a model and generate theory about parental gift giving behaviour at Christmas. My study is unique because it attempts to model parental gift giving at Christmas in a consumer behaviour context. Consumer behaviour theory suggests that parents seek information about possible gifts, set selection criteria for gift purchase, evaluate alternatives and buy the gifts for their children. Following this broad view of theory, parents respond to children's request behaviour, evaluate the suitability of any requests and purchase the approved or appropriate items as Christmas gifts. Children are encouraged to request any gifts that they desire, and these gift requests are often for specific brands. In general Christmas gifts are selected from children's products and brands and there is extensive debate and research relating to television advertising and children's request behaviour at Christmas. However, parents are not exposed to the same sources of advertising as their children and there is little evidence of research into the very important topics concerning motives, strategies, evaluations and the giving of brands that characterize parents' Christmas gift giving to their children. The significance of this dissertation resides in the development and presentation of a comprehensive model for the conceptualisation of parental gift giving at Christmas, based on antecedents to parents' social roles of gift giving and direct and indirect behavioural outcomes of those gift giving roles. Measures for each of these outcomes are developed and gender effects are also explored. The sample frame was described as a parent with at least one child between the ages of 3-8 years and a survey package was delivered to parents of children from participating schools and kindergartens. There were 2560 surveys distributed, with 450 individual responses representing a return rate of 17.6%. The 450 cases available for analysis were factor analysed and formed into composite and latent variables to facilitate statistical analysis via Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression, which is an appropriate procedure when the relationships are unknown or theoretical. The results of the research have two distinct streams. The first stream relates to the creation and validation of measurement constructs for the concept of Christmas spirit, parental gift giving, request communication, brand benefits and use of information sources, as well as involvement in giving gifts and involvement in giving brands as gifts. The second stream relates to the relationships between variables; the results support the relationships antecedent to the parents' social roles of gift giving. There is a significant relationship of Christmas spirit with involvement in giving gifts and with parental gift giving roles. A significant relationship also exists between involvement in giving gifts and parental gift giving roles. However, there is limited support for propositions related to outcomes of parental gift giving roles where there are significant relations between these roles and Christmas request communication, brand benefits and information sources. There is also a significant, indirect relationship between brand benefits and involvement in giving brands as gifts. As part of the second stream, gender differences were examined; the results show that mothers' Christmas spirit has no effect on their gift giving roles and gift giving roles have no significant effect on request communication and information source usage. On the other hand, the results show that the fathers' gift giving activities reflect the relationships outlined in the parental model. The study has academic implications for sociology and consumer behaviour disciplines and commercial implications for manufacturers, advertisers, brand owners and retailers. Further investigations will be necessary to incorporate other elements into the parental gift-giving model and to extend the theory toward a fuller understanding of the parental Christmas gift giving phenomena.

<p>Bakgrund</p><p>Under de senaste 30 åren har företag inom det privata näringslivet alltmer fokuserat på att skapa nära relationer till sina leverantörer. I motsats till utvecklingen inom det privata näringslivet, har utvecklingen inom offentliga verksamheter alltmer kommit att präglas av att inköpen skall konkurrensutsättas. Lagen om offentlig upphandling (LOU) reglerar i hög grad offentliga organisationers relationer till sina leverantörer. Emellanåt väcks frågan om inte offentliga organisationer skulle ha nytta av närmare leverantörsrelationer, liknande de som finns inom det privata näringslivet, där båda parter känner varandra och varandras behov väl.</p><p>Syfte</p><p>Syftet med undersökningen har varit att klarlägga huruvida den offentliga sektorn skulle kunna dra nytta av närmare leverantörsrelationer när det gäller inköp av vissa tjänster, samt att utreda i vilken utsträckning LOU tillåter ett nära samarbete mellan den offentliga sektorn och dess privata leverantörer.</p><p>Genomförande</p><p>Undersökningen har genomförts i form av en fallstudie, då vi har undersökt relationerna mellan Linköpings kommun och dess leverantörer. Fallstudien har genomförts dels genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning bland Linköpings kommuns leverantörer, dels genom kvalitativa intervjuer med upphandlare och andra ämneskunniga personer.</p><p>Resultat</p><p>Undersökningen har visat att offentlig sektor skulle kunna dra nytta av närmare leverantörsrelationer för att tillfredsställa tre olika typer av behov. Dessa behov gäller utveckling och effektivisering av verksamheten, leverantörernas medverkan i utformningen av tjänsterna samt längre avtalstider inom vissa verksamheter. Undersökningen har även visat att offentliga organisationer idag har möjlighet att samarbeta med sina leverantörer under flera olika former. Dessa samarbetsformer tillfredsställer till viss del de behov av närmare leverantörsrelationer som idag finns inom offentlig sektor.</p> / <p>Background</p><p>During the past 30 years, companies within the trade and industry have more and more focused on creating closer relationships with thier suppliers. In contrast to the development in the trade and industry, purchases within the public sector is nowadays caracterized by keen competition. The relationship between public organisations and their suppliers is regulated to a great extent by The Law of Public Purchases (LOU). Occasionally, the question is raised whether public organisations would benefit from closer relationships with their suppliers, relationships similar to those that can be observed in the trade and industry, where both parties know each other and each others interests well.</p><p>Purpose</p><p>The aim of this paper is to find out whether the public sector would benefit from closer supplier relations when it comes to certain services, as well as to investigate to what extent LOU allows a closer collaboration between the public sector and ther private suppliers.</p><p>Implementation</p><p>The investigation has been implemented in the form of a case study, since we have studied the relations between the municipality of Linköping and its suppliers. The case study has been implemented partly though a quantitative survey among the suppliers of the municipality of Linköping, partly through qualitative interviews with purchasers and other people that have a lot of knowledge and experience of this matter.</p><p>Results</p><p>The investigation has shown that the public sector would benefit from closer relationships in order to satisfy three different types of needs. These needs concern development and effectivisation of the activity, the suppliers participation of the design of the services and longer time limits for contracts. The investigation has also shown that there are possibilities for public organisations to collaborate with their suppliers in different ways. These ways of collaboration partly satisfy the needs of closer supplier relations that we can find today within the public sector.</p>

Bakgrund Under de senaste 30 åren har företag inom det privata näringslivet alltmer fokuserat på att skapa nära relationer till sina leverantörer. I motsats till utvecklingen inom det privata näringslivet, har utvecklingen inom offentliga verksamheter alltmer kommit att präglas av att inköpen skall konkurrensutsättas. Lagen om offentlig upphandling (LOU) reglerar i hög grad offentliga organisationers relationer till sina leverantörer. Emellanåt väcks frågan om inte offentliga organisationer skulle ha nytta av närmare leverantörsrelationer, liknande de som finns inom det privata näringslivet, där båda parter känner varandra och varandras behov väl. Syfte Syftet med undersökningen har varit att klarlägga huruvida den offentliga sektorn skulle kunna dra nytta av närmare leverantörsrelationer när det gäller inköp av vissa tjänster, samt att utreda i vilken utsträckning LOU tillåter ett nära samarbete mellan den offentliga sektorn och dess privata leverantörer. Genomförande Undersökningen har genomförts i form av en fallstudie, då vi har undersökt relationerna mellan Linköpings kommun och dess leverantörer. Fallstudien har genomförts dels genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning bland Linköpings kommuns leverantörer, dels genom kvalitativa intervjuer med upphandlare och andra ämneskunniga personer. Resultat Undersökningen har visat att offentlig sektor skulle kunna dra nytta av närmare leverantörsrelationer för att tillfredsställa tre olika typer av behov. Dessa behov gäller utveckling och effektivisering av verksamheten, leverantörernas medverkan i utformningen av tjänsterna samt längre avtalstider inom vissa verksamheter. Undersökningen har även visat att offentliga organisationer idag har möjlighet att samarbeta med sina leverantörer under flera olika former. Dessa samarbetsformer tillfredsställer till viss del de behov av närmare leverantörsrelationer som idag finns inom offentlig sektor. / Background During the past 30 years, companies within the trade and industry have more and more focused on creating closer relationships with thier suppliers. In contrast to the development in the trade and industry, purchases within the public sector is nowadays caracterized by keen competition. The relationship between public organisations and their suppliers is regulated to a great extent by The Law of Public Purchases (LOU). Occasionally, the question is raised whether public organisations would benefit from closer relationships with their suppliers, relationships similar to those that can be observed in the trade and industry, where both parties know each other and each others interests well. Purpose The aim of this paper is to find out whether the public sector would benefit from closer supplier relations when it comes to certain services, as well as to investigate to what extent LOU allows a closer collaboration between the public sector and ther private suppliers. Implementation The investigation has been implemented in the form of a case study, since we have studied the relations between the municipality of Linköping and its suppliers. The case study has been implemented partly though a quantitative survey among the suppliers of the municipality of Linköping, partly through qualitative interviews with purchasers and other people that have a lot of knowledge and experience of this matter. Results The investigation has shown that the public sector would benefit from closer relationships in order to satisfy three different types of needs. These needs concern development and effectivisation of the activity, the suppliers participation of the design of the services and longer time limits for contracts. The investigation has also shown that there are possibilities for public organisations to collaborate with their suppliers in different ways. These ways of collaboration partly satisfy the needs of closer supplier relations that we can find today within the public sector.

The question of what type of purchase (i.e., experiential vs. material) typically advances more happiness has been answered (Van Boven and Gilovich, 2003). This dissertation employed three different manipulation methods across six studies to investigate what underlies this effect. A consistent pattern of results demonstrated that verbal sharing (i.e., telling others) helps explain the superiority of experiential purchases in advancing happiness. Moreover, I found that people's greater inclination to share about their experiential (vs. material) purchases is driven by their expectation of being more highly regarded by their listeners. Taken together, these findings shed light on a behavioral (i.e., sharing) and psychological process (i.e., expected regard) that help us understand why experiences make people happier than do material objects.

Impulse buying or unplanned purchases by consumers constitute a major proportion of purchases in certain product categories. Studies in the United States widely reported that impulse consumer buying behaviour accounts for up to 80% of all purchases in certain product categories, and it has been suggested that purchases of new products result more from impulse purchasing than from prior planning. South Africa is a nation of shoppers with increasing numbers defined as impulse buyers who respond to glossy adverts such as „never to be beaten bargains‟ and „buy one get one free‟. Culture has a profound effect on why people buy. Culture affects the specific products people buy as well as the structures of consumption, individual decision-making and communication in a society. Since South Africa has quite a diverse group of different cultures, it has been of great importance to determine whether cultural differences had an influence on impulsive buying behaviour. The primary research objective was to assess the influence of different cultures on consumer impulsive buying behaviour of students. The findings of this research study did not clearly indicate if culture had an effect on students‟ impulsive buying behaviour. / Thesis (M.Com. (Business Management))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011

Impulse buying or unplanned purchases by consumers constitute a major proportion of purchases in certain product categories. Studies in the United States widely reported that impulse consumer buying behaviour accounts for up to 80% of all purchases in certain product categories, and it has been suggested that purchases of new products result more from impulse purchasing than from prior planning. South Africa is a nation of shoppers with increasing numbers defined as impulse buyers who respond to glossy adverts such as „never to be beaten bargains‟ and „buy one get one free‟. Culture has a profound effect on why people buy. Culture affects the specific products people buy as well as the structures of consumption, individual decision-making and communication in a society. Since South Africa has quite a diverse group of different cultures, it has been of great importance to determine whether cultural differences had an influence on impulsive buying behaviour. The primary research objective was to assess the influence of different cultures on consumer impulsive buying behaviour of students. The findings of this research study did not clearly indicate if culture had an effect on students‟ impulsive buying behaviour. / Thesis (M.Com. (Business Management))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011

[pt] Os departamentos de compras das companhias têm estado sob um foco maior nos últimos tempos porque se percebeu que boa parte do lucro da empresa está numa compra bem feita. Aqui é apresentada uma pesquisa bibliográfica acerca da atividade de compras, tanto em empresas privadas, como nas instituições públicas. As bases práticas desta dissertação foram criadas em torno de uma instituição produtiva do governo federal, que tem sua realidade aproximada à de uma unidade produtiva da iniciativa privada. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar propostas para aumentar a eficiência das compras públicas, aproximando-as da realidade daquelas da iniciativa privada. Deseja-se que as compras sejam mais ágeis e os fornecimentos, de melhor qualidade. Pretende-se, com isso, atender à demanda de órgãos da Administração Pública Brasileira, no âmbito dos poderes da União, dos Estados e dos Municípios, que desejam aprimorar a sua gestão de compras, de modo a otimizar a linha inicial da cadeia de suprimentos, melhorando o relacionamento entre Administração e fornecedores. / [en] The purchasing division of private sector corporations have been under scrutiny over the lasts years due to the fact that it has been realized that large part of the profits of a corporation are due to well done purchases. This research will expose the study of purchasing activities in both private sector corporation and Government institutions. The basis for this paper were derived from the study of a productive institution of the Brazilian Federal Government whose activities are very similar to a private sector factory. The goal of this paper is to introduce alternatives to improve the inefficiencies of Government purchases. The objective is to bring the reality of Government purchases closer to private sector purchases methodology which would increase Government purchases agility and quality. The intent is to fulfill the demand of Brazilian Government, in all levels, Union, State and Municipalities, for a methodology to better manage their public purchases of goods and services, thus optimizing the initial chain of purchases, improving the relationship between Administration and suppliers.