The availability and sophistication of visual display images, such as simulations, for use in science classrooms has increased exponentially however, it can be difficult for teachers to use these images to encourage and engage active student thinking. There is a need to describe flexible discussion strategies that use visual media to engage active thinking. This mixed methods study analyzes teacher behavior in lessons using visual media about the particulate model of matter that were taught by three experienced middle school teachers. Each teacher taught one half of their students with lessons using static overheads and taught the other half with lessons using a projected dynamic simulation. The quantitative analysis of pre-post data found significant gain differences between the two image mode conditions, suggesting that the students who were assigned to the simulation condition learned more than students who were assigned to the overhead condition. Open coding was used to identify a set of eight image-based teaching strategies that teachers were using with visual displays. Fixed codes for this set of image-based discussion strategies were then developed and used to analyze video and transcripts of whole class discussions from 12 lessons. The image-based discussion strategies were refined over time in a set of three in-depth 2x2 comparative case studies of two teachers teaching one lesson topic with two image display modes. The comparative case study data suggest that the simulation mode may have offered greater affordances than the overhead mode for planning and enacting discussions. The 12 discussions were also coded for overall teacher student interaction patterns, such as presentation, IRE, and IRF. When teachers moved during a lesson from using no image to using either image mode, some teachers were observed asking more questions when the image was displayed while others asked many fewer questions. The changes in teacher student interaction patterns suggest that teachers vary on whether they consider the displayed image as a "tool-for-telling" and a "tool-for-asking." The study attempts to provide new descriptions of strategies teachers use to orchestrate image-based discussions designed to promote student engagement and reasoning in lessons with conceptual goals.

本論文以行動研究方式，探討一所台灣雙語學校英語為外語(EFL)學生，在接受為期四十週的英語文學課程期間，哪些教學策略最能激發其做批判思考。研究的對象為二十一位七年級的學生，按其CEF語言分級結果，九位為中高級程度，十二位為中級。除探討教學策略的成效，亦分析這些策略對於兩組英語程度和學習背景(有雙語教育背景及無雙語教育背景)相異的學生分別所產生的作用。透過行動研究的步驟―亦為開發、實施、檢討、修正―以及五階段的學生學習成果分析，教師—研究者不斷調整其教學策略來回應學生學習上的需求。 本論文所探討之研究問題為三：(一)哪些文學課程的教學策略最能激發所有研究對象做批判思考？(二)根據問題一，有雙語教育背景及無雙語教育背景的研究對象分別受哪一教學策略刺激最多？ (三)透過文學教學，兩組研究對象分別在哪些批判思考項目表現最有進步空間？ 教師—研究者以Ennis的批判思考評分表為基礎做修正，並以此評分表比較分析實驗對象之前測、學習單、與批判思考紙筆回應。根據資料與教師實際觀察，鷹架理論、蘇格拉底式提問法、舉證、自身實例、創意思考與溝通式教學最能激發學生產生批判思考，而所有研究對象無論其語言程度或學習背景如何，皆能表現出批判思考的技能。不過，就情意上，中高級有雙語教育背景的學生較習慣於開放性的思辯與討論過程，而中級無雙語教育背景的學生則因自身的語言及西方文化認識的限制而需要適應與協助。 / This study had been conducted in a seventh-grade bilingual classroom of nine high-intermediate and twelve intermediate English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students over forty weeks in Taiwan. The aim of the study was to seek strategies that would best help stimulate students’ critical thinking (CT) skills through the teaching of literature, and how those strategies affected the learning results of the two groups of participants with different language proficiency levels and prior education experiences (EFL bilingual context vs. EFL non-bilingual context). The teacher-researcher had adopted the developing, implementing, reflecting, and modifying steps of an action-research framework, and through analyzing students’ learning results in the 5 reflecting Stages, modified tasks and pedagogies were implemented right away to address students’ learning needs. Three questions anticipated responses from the study, which were: “What teaching strategies can stimulate all the participants’ critical thinking skills through literature?”, “Based on Question 1, which strategy is the most CT-stimulating for the bilingual group and which for the non-bilingual group?” and “Through literature study, which CT skills are the most-improved for the bilingual and the non-bilingual group?” In answering the questions, students’ pretest, weekly worksheets, and CT written responses were evaluated against the teacher-researcher’s self-created CT rubric adapted from Ennis’ version in every Stage for further lesson modification. Based on these data, 6 teaching strategies were proved to be CT-stimulating, which were: scaffolding, Socratic Questioning, evidence of proof, making personal connections, thinking outside the box, and adopting the Communicative Approach. All the participants were able to perform an amount of CT skills regardless of their language proficiency levels or learning backgrounds; however, in terms of CT dispositions, the high-intermediate bilingual participants feel more comfortable expressing their ideas openly, and the intermediate non-bilingual ones were influenced by their own linguistic and cultural limitations.

本研究旨在探討一批判思考策略「質疑作者法」，如何融入於台灣高職學生的英語閱讀能力養成，以及該策略對學生英語能力的影響。研究以台灣北部某高職38位高一學生為研究對象，為期五週。研究藉由學習單、學習歷程調查、教學觀察日誌、及焦點團體訪談等質性研究方法收集研究資料，再進一步歸納分析，以期廣泛且深入了解「質疑作者法」對於增進學生閱讀能力的效果，並同時得到更為適宜可行的教學應用。主要的研究發現如下： 一、 本研究中大多數學生對「質疑作者法」抱持肯定的態度。不論英語程度高低，該策略使學生獲得有別於過去的閱讀經驗，並同時增進其閱讀興趣及閱讀理解力。 二、 當教學者融入「質疑作者法」於教學活動時，教學者以協助者身分觀察學生對於教學活動的反應，隨時調整活動的進行。 三、 閱讀中的討論使學生能在一個支持的、低焦慮的學習環境中表達意見，並同時主動地建構文章的意義。 四、 本研究中，高成就與低成就學生在批判思考與閱讀能力方面皆有提升。透過「質疑作者法」，低成就學生相較於高成就學生建立較強的自信心並養成更高的閱讀興趣，從而由該策略中得到較多的助益。 根據上述結果，文末呈現教學上的義涵和應用，並對未來相關研究提出建議。 / This action research study aims to investigate the process of fostering reading comprehension ability of EFL vocational high school students by incorporating a critical thinking strategy, namely, “Questioning the Author”, into the English reading teaching activities. A total of thirty-eight 10th graders from a vocational high school in northern Taiwan participated in the present study for a five-week implementation. The data were collected through qualitative methods, including participants’ worksheets, learning surveys using Likert Scale and open-ended questions, the field notes and the teaching logs of the teacher researcher, and the focus group interviews for high and low achievers. The results were analyzed and interpreted with an attempt to have a profound and extensive understanding of the effect of the strategy “Questioning the Author” on students’ reading comprehension ability, along with generating more feasible pedagogical implications. Major findings are as follows: 1. Most students in the present study had a positive perception to the strategy “Questioning the Author”. Despite their different English proficiency levels, the strategy made a difference in their reading experiences, and meanwhile boosted their interest in reading and improved their reading comprehension ability. 2. When incorporating the strategy into teaching activities, the teacher as a facilitator observed the responses from students to modify the ongoing activities. 3. Discussions during reading provided a low-anxiety and supportive environment for students to express their opinions and construct meanings actively as well. 4. Although both high and low achievers made progress in their critical thinking and reading ability, the latter benefited more from the strategy than the former, for they developed more interests in reading as well as obtained higher confidence in themselves through the strategy. Pedagogical implications and suggestions for future studies are also included at the end of the thesis.

Millions of custodial suspects waive their rights each year without the benefit of legal counsel. The question posed to psychologists in disputed Miranda waivers is whether this waiver decision was, knowing, intelligent, and voluntary. Mental health professionals must be aware of potential barriers to Miranda comprehension to provide expert opinions regarding a defendant's competency to waive rights. The current study examined how Miranda warning reading level, length, and method of administration affects Miranda comprehension. Recently arrested detainees at Grayson County Jail were administered oral and written Miranda warnings from the Miranda Statements Scale (MSS; Rogers, 2005) to measure their comprehension of the warnings. Surprisingly low levels of Miranda comprehension were found for most warnings. For all warnings at or above 8th grade, a substantial minority (27.1% - 39.6%) of defendants exhibited failed (i.e., < 50% understanding) Miranda comprehension. Regardless of other variables, oral administrations resulted in a substantially larger number of defendants with failed Miranda comprehension. Implications for public policy and clinical practice are discussed.

Title: The importance of nature as a learning environment in Czech forest kindergartens and forest kindergartens abroad from the perspective of pedagogues. Objektive: The aim of this thesis is to obtain specific information about functioning of forest kindergartens abroad and compare them forest kindergartens in the Czech Republic. My next target was get from the general public in the Czech Republic specific information about their awareness of nature and forest kindergartens. Results: The result of the processing of literature related to preschool pedagogy, alternative pedagogical directions, forest kindergarten. We approached the issue. Through the questionnaire investigation compared the forest kindergarten in the Czech Republic and abroad. Thanks questionnaire investigation results we should recognized in self-knowledge and awareness, that we are part of nature. Keywords: education, relationships with nature, alternative pedagogical directions, forest kindergarten, nature, child abroad, questioning

TITLE: The importance of caring for the soul in the life of the contemporary man AUTHOR: Vladislava Tesárková DEPARTMENT: Department of civics and philosophy SUPERVISOR: prof. PhDr. Anna Hogenová, CSc. ABSTRACT: The aim of this work is a reminder of the value of the soul along with the possibilities of taking care of it. This thesis deals with the importance of taking care of the soul in the life of the contemporary man. At the beginning of the text are laid these source questions: What is the care for the soul about and what does it include? The paper is divided into three parts which deal with comparing the perception of the soul in the ancient times, in the modern era and Patočka's conception of history, questioning and life movements, leading the dialogue which aims to discovering its own origin. These requirements for pursuing the mental growth appear to be necessary . The care for the soul is inextricably linked with the phenomenon of freedom as the freedom to something. The fundamental human task is to nurture the soul. The precondition for upbringing and education is the care for the soul . An important place has the care of the soul in the context of psychotherapy of which aim in the framework of a therapeutic relationship is orientating man's critical thinking to things themselves and revealing...

Title: Marketing research of the customer satisfaction in thirty minutes training for women at EXPRESKA gym Praha Háje. Aim of work: Presentation of the results of the marketing research of customer satisfaction and its evaluation, hypothesis testing. Methods: inquiring through the questionaire, primary data collecting. Results: The majority of female customers are satisfied with the facility EXPRESKA gym Praha Háje. However, some weaknesses come up in the field of supporting services, furthermore there were also discovered some problems connected with children, which are allowed to move freely all around the gym and they disturb other customers. There are also problems in the hygiene in the sanitary facility. In spite of all those minuses listed above is ESPRESKA positively rated by its visitors. Key words: marketing, customer satisfaction, EXPRESKA gym Praha Háje, marketing research, questioning, sports services.

TITLE: The importance of caring for the soul in the life of the contemporary man AUTHOR: Vladislava Tesárková DEPARTMENT: Department of civics and philosophy SUPERVISOR: prof. PhDr. Anna Hogenová, CSc. ABSTRACT: The aim of this work is a reminder of the value of the soul along with the possibilities of taking care of it. This thesis deals with the importance of taking care of the soul in the life of the contemporary man. At the beginning of the text are laid these source questions: What is the care for the soul about and what does it include? The paper is divided into three parts which deal with comparing the perception of the soul in the ancient times, in the modern era and Patočka's conception of history, questioning and life movements, leading the dialogue which aims to discovering its own origin. These requirements for pursuing the mental growth appear to be necessary . The care for the soul is inextricably linked with the phenomenon of freedom as the freedom to something. The fundamental human task is to nurture the soul. The precondition for upbringing and education is the care for the soul . The contemporary view of the care for the soul is quite different from the above mentioned concepts, it is somehow distorted. At present the care for the soul is quite neglected and in its place are getting other...

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-23T12:15:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Leite Gonçalves.pdf: 1424011 bytes, checksum: 72d92aff7878a8bf2a5deb5286e2196b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T12:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Leite Gonçalves.pdf: 1424011 bytes, checksum: 72d92aff7878a8bf2a5deb5286e2196b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aims to systematize an educational experience in a Mid-Level Course of Professional Training Program for Health (PROFAPS), from Ministry of Health, held in São Paulo on the year 2015, whose purpose was to qualify assistants and nursing technicians of Primary Health Care for the integrated and comprehensive care to the elderly. To compose the experience report, we used the qualitative research, with exploratory and descriptive character and the participant observation was the methodological procedure elected, and Field Diary was the instrument for data collection. The Qualification Course in Gerontology, organized into eight modules, had its theoretical and practical proposition based on the methodology of questioning and culminated in the construction of a territorial action plan focusing on soft technologies. The methodology and didactic procedures adopted led the students to awaken their critical sense to the analysis of its own territory, its work process and its stereotypical vision of the old age (based on themselves and the other individuals), leading to the transformation of your own reality. The results were positive, particularly with regard to strengthening of health care networks, lines of care, continuing education and SUS itself / Este estudo objetivou sistematizar uma experiência de ensino em um Curso do Programa de Formação de Profissionais de Nível Médio para Saúde (PROFAPS), do Ministério da Saúde, realizado na cidade de São Paulo no ano de 2015, cujo propósito foi o de qualificar auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem da Atenção Básica em Saúde para o cuidado integrado e integral ao idoso. Para compor o relato de experiência, utilizou-se a pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório-descritivo, tendo a Observação Participante como procedimento metodológico e o Diário de Campo como instrumento da coleta de dados. O Curso de Qualificação em Gerontologia, organizado em oito módulos, teve sua proposição teórico-prática fundamentada na metodologia da problematização e culminou na construção de um plano de intervenção territorial com enfoque em tecnologias leves. A metodologia e os procedimentos didáticos adotados levaram o discente a despertar seu senso crítico para a análise de seu território, de seu processo de trabalho e da visão estereotipada da velhice (de si mesmo e do outro), conduzindo à transformação da sua realidade. Os resultados foram positivos, em especial no que tange ao fortalecimento das redes de atenção à saúde, das linhas de cuidado, da educação permanente e da própria escola formadora – o SUS

本研究旨在討論新聞記者如何運用語用學之「前提」概念來引導受訪者回答，藉由「丟面子問題」質疑並挑戰受訪者「答非所問」之迴避回應。個案研究以一則平面政經新聞報導為言說分析之例，從主張與前提兩個語言單位來探究前提在訪談問答間扮演何種角色與功能。 相關語言學文獻討論曾指出記者前提影響受訪者之回應面向。本文進一步認為，記者訪談前提往往誘導受訪者針對該前提回應(而非針對問題本身)，並藉助記者的背景知識與訪談對話以預設前提並挑戰受訪者。 歸納個案文本的言說分析與個案記者訪談後，本研究發現，記者前提所產生的命題確實影響並誘導受訪者回應，並以記者的前設知識來探討前提技巧如何獲得受訪者更多、更深入的回應。整理上述提問、回應模式，本研究擬出語用前提作為「問好問題」之言談方法及雙方互動的橋樑，盼能提供訪談者一套語言策略。 / The goal of this research aims to explore how pragmatic presuppositions in news interviews influence the interaction of interlocutors, conducted by discourse analysis on assertions and presuppositions within each pair of questioning. By identifying the face-threatening questions which ends up leading the interviewee to non-reply responses, the case study concentrates on one public-figure interview in attempts to unveiling the tactics of placing presuppositions, added by the in-depth interview with the journalist of the case to take the speaker’s meaning into account. The result of this research enabled the author to discover the interaction of presupposition in the form of propositions between the interlocutors that leads the interviewee’s response to challenge the journalist’s presuppostions. The researcher also found evidences indicating the presumption of the journalist produces presuppostion as well as the response, which enables this research to develop a pragmatic strategy of news interview based on the use of presuppositions.