L’étude sociologique des inégalités sociales dans l’enseignement supérieur a été principalement développée à partir de catégories classiques comme celle de « classe sociale ». L’étude de l’enseignement supérieur à partir d’une approche « ethno-raciale » est toujours inédite, en France comme en Colombie. Le propos de cette thèse est d’étudier les discriminations raciales et le racisme dans l’enseignement supérieur, ainsi que leur influence sur la (re)production des inégalités sociales et éducatives qui affectent les minorités racialisées dans les deux pays. Il s’agit d’une enquête sociologique qualitative, avec une approche comparative entre deux sociétés différentes, en France et en Colombie, à partir de l’étude du vécu d’étudiant.e.s noirs, hommes et femmes, à Paris et à Bogota. La thèse cherche à identifier les processus de discrimination systémique auxquels doivent faire face les étudiant.e.s noir.e.s, comment le racisme quotidien se manifeste dans les universités françaises et colombiennes, comment les expériences de discrimination raciale sont vécues et appropriées par les étudiant.e.s interviewé.e.s, et comment elles influent sur leurs trajectoires éducatives et sociales. Enfin, les différences ou similitudes identifiables entre la France et la Colombie constituent un autreenjeu majeur de la thèse / The sociological study of inequalities in higher education has been mainly developed from traditional categories such as "social class." The analysis of higher education from an "ethno-racial" standpoint has been emerging as much in France as in Colombia. For that reason, the purpose of this thesis is to research racial discrimination and racism in higher education in order to identify how they influence the re-production of educational and social inequalities that affect racialized minorities in both countries.This is a qualitative sociological research, with a comparative approach between two contrasting societies like France and Colombia, from the analysis of the experience of black college students, men and women, in Paris and Bogota. It aims to identify the processes of systemic discrimination students must face, how everyday racism manifests in French and Colombian universities, how interviewed students live and cope with the experiences of racial discrimination, how these experiences impact their educational and social trajectories, and what similarities or differences can be identified between France and Colombia / El estudio sociológico de las desigualdades en la educación superior se ha desarrollado principalmente a partir de categorías clásicas como “clase social”. Tanto en Francia como en Colombia, el desarrollo de análisis sobre la educación superior desde una perspectiva “étnico-racial” ha sido hasta ahora bastante incipiente. De acuerdo con esto, el propósito de la presente tesis es investigar sobre las discriminaciones raciales y el racismo en la educación superior y cómo influyen en la re-producción de las desigualdades educativas y sociales que afectan a las distintas minorías racializadas de los dos países.Se trata de un estudio sociológico de tipo cualitativo, con un enfoque comparativo entre dos sociedades contrastantes como Francia y Colombia, a partir del estudio de la experiencia vivida por estudiantes universitarios negros, hombres y mujeres, en París y Bogotá. Se propone identificar cuáles son los procesos de discriminación sistémica a los cuales se deben enfrentar los estudiantes, cómo se manifiesta el racismo cotidiano en las universidades francesas y colombianas, cómo son vividas y asimiladas las experiencias de discriminación racial por los estudiantes entrevistados, y cómo influyen estas en sus trayectorias educativas y sociales. En últimas, qué similitudes o diferencias se logran identificar entre Francia y Colombia

Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Versesis one of the most controversial postcolonial novels, which among a plethora of themes seems to mainly focus on the notion of hegemonic power. The Satanic Verses can partly be read as a denunciation of the British hegemony in which social injustice, racial discrimination and violence, in its different forms, exerted upon marginalized and stigmatized people (such as non-European expatriates) are legitimized by the dominant group and understood as something conventional and normal by the subjugated people. Moreover, this novel encourages the readers to criticize religion as a political tool with the help of which the dominant group can make groups of people subservient to authority. This part of my essay is related to the criticism of hegemony as such. Employing Gramsci’s analysis of hegemony, this paper begins with an investigation of the relationship between the figure of a migrant, violence and cultural hegemony inRushdie’s Britain. In the second part, the link between dream scenes and the ways through which they contribute to the overall argument about hegemony is studied. Finally, the last part of this essay revolves around religious hegemony. Hence, what links all these three sections together is the concept of hegemony and the ways through which hegemonic power is achieved and implemented in this novel.

O presente trabalho está baseado em uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o racismo no Brasil e busca investigar, sob um olhar sociológico, as contradições entre o discurso jurídico, expresso, sobretudo, na legislação anti-racista e entre algumas práticas sociais brasileiras. Em um primeiro momento, o trabalho apresenta uma recuperação histórico-social do processo de fixação do racismo no pensamento intelectual e suas conseqüências sociais para a vivência do cotidiano brasileiro. Em um segundo momento, é feita uma compilação do tema do racismo na Constituição Brasileira e uma breve recuperação dos instrumentos legais e políticos complementares implementados em nome da dignidade humana e da igualdade dos indivíduos perante a lei. Partindo destes dois aspectos (histórico-social e jurídico-legislativo) o trabalho apresenta dois exemplos que revelam a persistência do racismo na sociedade brasileira: o preconceito dirigido ao negro nas rotinas de abordagem da Polícia Militar e os obstáculos à eqüidade no acesso à justiça. Desta forma, a despeito dos instrumentos normativos existentes, é possível reconhecer que o Brasil ainda apresenta muitos exemplos do enraizamento de valores e comportamentos discriminatórios no âmbito das práticas sociais, não obstante, os avanços mais contemporâneos da legislação no combate ao racismo na realidade brasileira. / This research is based on a literature review on racism in Brazil and aims to investigate, from a sociological perspective, the contradictions between the legal anti-racist discourse and some social practices. Firstly, the work presents a historical and social recovery of the process of fixation of racism in intellectual thought and its consequences to the experience of Brazilian daily life. In a second step, a compilation of the theme of racism in the Brazilian Constitution is made as well as a brief recovery of the legal instruments and complementary policies implemented in the name of human dignity and equality of individuals before the law. Considering these two aspects (historical-sociological and legal), the research presents two examples that reveal the persistence of racism in Brazilian society: the prejudice against black people in the routine approach of the Military Police and the barriers to equitable access to justice. Thus, despite the existing legal rules, we can recognize that Brazil still displays many examples in the context of social practices that bring about the historical roots of discriminatory behavior and values, nevertheless, to the most contemporary of legislation to combat racism in Brazilian reality.

A presente pesquisa se baseia na teoria crítica da branquidade, especificamente no que concerne aos elementos mais evidenciados da formação da identidade Branca, para realizar uma análise, por amostra, da tendência das demandas judiciais e julgamentos jurisprudenciais acerca da conduta de discriminação racial, prevista na legislação brasileira. Tendo em vista que as decisões dos tribunais a respeito desse tema se mostram bastantes controversas, os elementos da branquidade são trazidos a esse trabalho com a finalidade de contribuir com a tarefa dos operadores do direito de realizar a interpretação sobre dúvidas, dubiedades, lacunas e questionamentos sobre a eficácia da implementação da norma em reduzir as manifestações do racismo. / This research is based on the critical theory of whiteness, especially on elements that compose the white identity formation, for the purpose of analyzing the judicial decisions selected from the Brazilians tribunals, concerned to racial discrimination conducts. The elements of whiteness theory is consider as a contribution to the work of the professionals of law in giving an interpretation about the racial conflicts trials, considering the doubt, dubiousness, lacuna and analyses about the discrimination law efficacy in reduce the racism manifestations.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T19:56:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação tem como propósito analisar narrativas sobre o negro e a discriminação racial produzidas em uma experiência pedagógica de educação matemática realizada com alunos da 6ª série do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Presidente Vargas, situada no bairro Operário, no município de Campo Bom, estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A produção do material de pesquisa assim como sua análise foram feitas tendo como suporte as teorizações sobre currículo e os aportes dos campos da Etnomatemática e dos Estudos Culturais examinados a partir de uma perspectiva alinhada com o pensamento pós-moderno. A parte empírica da pesquisa foi realizada através de procedimentos de “tipo etnográfico”, tais como observação e gravação em áudio das falas dos alunos produzidas quando da implementação das atividades pedagógicas e a escrita de um diário de campo. A dissertação está organizada em cinco capítulos. No primeiro, há uma apresentação geral do trabalho, a explicitação do lugar teórico a partir do qual foi realizado o estudo, o relat / The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze narratives produced about the black and the racial discrimination observed in a pedagogical trial on mathematical education. The trial was conducted with students from the sixth grade of elementary school at President Vargas School, located in Bairro Operário, in the municipality of Campo Bom, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The production of the research materials, as well as their analysis were based on theorizations about curriculum, and contributions from the fields of Ethnomathematics and Cultural Studies, examined from a perspective aligned with the post-modern thought. The empirical part of the trial was carried out according to “ethnographic-type” procedures, such as observation and audio recording (later transcribed) of what the students said during the implementation of the pedagogical activities, in addition to a field log. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter contains a general presentation of the thesis, the explication of t

In the present study, we examined the role of racial discrimination, social support (viz., family and friends), and hope (viz., agency and pathways) in accounting for negative psychological adjustment (viz., anxious and depressive symptoms) and positive psychological adjustment (viz., vitality and life satisfaction) in a sample of 249 African Americans. Overall, results of conducting a series of hierarchical regression analyses provided some evidence for the role of racial discrimination and social support in accounting for both negative and positive psychological adjustment. Noteworthy, the inclusion of hope was found to significantly augment the prediction models of psychological adjustment. Within the hope set, agency was consistently found to uniquely account for adjustment. In contrast, pathways was only found to uniquely account for vitality. Beyond affirming the importance of racial discrimination and social support, the present findings highlight the added value of considering hope, especially agency, in understanding positive and negative psychological adjustment in African Americans. Implications of the present findings for understanding the role of racial discrimination, social support, and hope in the psychological adjustment of African American adults are discussed.

The impact of race within the American criminal justice system has seen long-term debate and has been studied by numerous social scientists. This dissertation examines the criminal justice system by analyzing data created by the Tennessee courts to determine whether race impacts the administration of Tennessee’s death penalty. This dissertation examines whether race impacts the overall administration of Tennessee’s death penalty, a Tennessee prosecutor’s decision to seek death, and a Tennessee jury’s decision to impose death. The impact of race at each stage is analyzed by logistic regression to isolate the defendant’s race, the victim’s race, and the racial interaction between them. Prior empirical research shows black defendants whose victims are white are more likely to receive death than white defendants whose victims are white. Prior research shows defendants whose victims are white, regardless of the race of the defendant, are more likely to receive death than when victims are black. The regression analyses reveal after controlling for heinousness of crime and the defendant’s dangerousness that race is not a predictive factor in whether defendants are sentenced to death in the overall application of the death penalty. The findings show that white victim murders, irrespective of the defendant’s race, have slight predictive power in whether prosecutors seek the death penalty, but white victim cases have the least predictive power of all variables that impact prosecutorial decisions. Murders involving black defendants and white victims, irrespective of their racial relationship, decrease the likelihood a jury will return a death sentence. When testing the racial interaction of defendants and victims, the only relationship that is a significant predictor in the Tennessee death penalty are murders with white defendants and white victims. Based on qualitative data from interviews with Knox County criminal court judges, this can be explained by heinousness of crime.

Bacterial Vaginosis is an inbalance of vaginal flora which has been associated with increased risk of numerous gynecological and obstetric morbidities including increased risk of acquisition of HIV from an infected partner and increased risk of preterm delivery. Black race has been consistently identified as a risk factor for BV. Black women also suffer from significant disparities in most of the morbidities also associated with BV when compared to women of other ethnicities and races. Traditional predictors of BV such as douching practices and sexual behaviors do not fully account for the racial disparities in BV prevalence. Researchers have begun to explore the potential relationship between stress and BV. Also, perceived racism has been identified as a potential stressor contributing to the health outcomes of Black women. The purpose of this study was to test a predictive model of bacterial vaginosis among Black women. The Allostatic Load Model was the theoretical framework. Participants (N=94) completed a self administered questionnaire and interview including measures of perceived stress, preceived racism, behavioral responses to stress and specific behavioral responses to racism along with traditional predictors of BV. Measurement scales included the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, the John Henryism Scale of Active Coping, the Everyday Perceived Racial Discrimination Index, the Experiences of Discrimination Scale and the Vines Telephone Administered Perceived Racism Scale (TPRS) which included a behavioral responses to racism subscale. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed utilizing a self-collected vaginal swab which was analyzed utilizing the BVBlue point of care testing kit. Twenty percent (N=19) of participants screened positive for bacterial vaginosis. Douching and sexual activity in the last three months and education were significantly associated with bacterial vaginosis. Age, income, hormonal contraceptive use and condom use were not associated with BV. Neither perceived stress nor perceived racism were associated with bacterial vaginosis. After logistic regression analysis, only education continued to be a significant predictor of BV. The lack of an association between BV and the main study variables may have been related to young age of the sample or the low rates of high perceived stress and high perceived racism. Perceived stress was positively associated with perceived racism and behavioral responses to stress. This association is likely a reflection of the stressful nature of perceived racism. Further research is needed to better understand how the stressful nature of racism and behavioral responses to stressors may influence health outcomes and if interventions can be utilized to promote adaptive behavioral responses.

This research analyzes welfare conditions of Afro-Colombians vis-à-vis non Afro-Colombians using Amartya Sen's Capability Approach as the theoretical framework, and the latent variable modeling as the empirical method. Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) models are estimated using data from the Colombian Quality of Life Survey, 2003. Two latent constructs, namely, 'knowledge' and 'being adequately sheltered', represent the two 'Capability' dimensions to be analyzed. Ethnic background appears to have a consistently negative influence after controlling statistically by a set of relevant variables (e.g. being poor, area, marital status, age and gender, among others) included in the models as exogenous "causes" or "determinants" of each capability dimension. This implies that the capability set or the freedom an Afro-descendant enjoys in achieving the life he or she wants in terms of 'knowledge' and 'shelter' is consistently lower than that of a non Afro-descendant (whites and mestizos). As a consequence, achieved welfare or functioning achievement as expressed in terms of aspects such as years of education or dwelling conditions in the household is and would be consistently lower for individual members of this ethnic group. This evidence points toward the proposition that embedded patterns of racial discrimination are limiting Afro-Colombian capabilities and individual agency, beyond income levels or even access to educational resources. Hence, from a capability perspective removing racial discrimination must be an explicit objective of developmental policy. Accordingly, national policy must be directed not only to improving access for Afro-Colombians to resources and economic wellbeing, as traditional analysis of class disparity argues, but also toward the nurturing and expansion of the real freedom they have to pursue the goals they value. Thus, development policy in Colombia must altogether work toward the improvement of resource access for Afro-descendants and toward the creation of specific mechanisms to enforce the judicial instruments to fight against racial discrimination. These laws and judicial mechanisms were created to open spaces for political, social and economic participation for this population group on an equal basis, as their fellow citizens of non African descent, and are yet to be fulfilled.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Public Health, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.