Après avoir analysé au travers d'une recherche exploratoire et clinique, certains des facteurs de protection mis en jeu lors d'un traumatisme, une investigation approfondie de la littérature internationale a été menée afin de mettre en évidence la pertinence d'un instrument permettant d'appréhender la présence d'un panel plus large de facteurs de résilience. Face auxlimites des outils psychométriques actuels et en vue de les pallier, une échelle de mesure a été élaborée. Ainsi, cette thèse sur travaux rapporte les étapes de développement et de validation d'un outil construit afin d'évaluer les facteurs de protection concourant à la résilience. Une analyse factorielle exploratoire des données a été conduite auprès de 299 participants francophones dans le but d'éprouver la structure de l'I.F.R-40 (Inventaire des Facteurs de Résilience). La validité convergente, la stabilité temporelle de même que la cohérence interne de l'outil ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation. Les résultats obtenus soutiennent une structure en trois dimensions (facteurs de protection personnels, familiaux et extra-Familiaux) et appuient la validité ainsi que la fidélité de l'I.F.R-40. D'autres analyses ont également été menées afin devalider la structure factorielle de l'Inventaire des Facteurs de Résilience (I.F.R-40) au moyen d'une A.F.C (Analyse Factorielle Confirmatoire). Les analyses réalisées confirment la présence de trois facteurs, interprétés en termes de facteurs de protection familiaux, facteurs de protection individuels et facteurs de protection extrafamiliaux. L'étude de la validité divergente confirme les liens prédits entre l'I.F.R-40 et l'échelle composite de dépression de Berndt et Kaiser (1999). Enfin, l'I.F.R-40 différencie les adolescents exposés à un traumatisme présentant des scores de dépression à la MDI-C de ceux ne manifestant pas de dépression. Ainsi, l'I.F.R-40 est une échelle tridimensionnelle présentant des propriétés psychométriques satisfaisantes. Les résultats sont discutés à la lumière de leurs implications à la fois théoriques et pratiques. / After having analysed through an exploratory and clinical research, some protection factors playing a part after a traumatism, an in-Depth investigation of international literature was conducted in order to bring to light the relevance of an instrument enabling to comprehend the presence of a larger set of resilience factors. Confronted with the limits of actual psychometric tools and in order to overcome them, a measurement scale has been worked out. Thus, this thesis reports the development and validation steps of a tool constructed with the aim of evaluating the protection factors working together towards resilience. An exploratory factorial data analysis was conducted on 299 French-Speaking participants to test the structure of the I.R.F-40 (Inventory of Resilience Factors). The convergent validity, the temporal stability as well as the internal consistency of the tool have been assessed. The results obtained approve of the three dimension structure (personal, familial and extra-Familial protection factors) and support the validity as well as the reliability of the I.R.F-40. Other analyses have also been conducted in order to validate the factorial structure of the Inventory of Resilience Factors (I.R.F-40) thanks to C.F.A (Confirmatory Factorial Analysis). The analyses conducted confirm the presence of three factors, interpretedin terms of familial protection factors, individual protection factors and extra-Familial protection factors. The study of the divergent validity confirms the predicted links between the I.R.F-40 and Berndt and Kaiser’s composite depression scale (1999). Finally, the I.R.F-40 differentiates the adolescents exposed to a traumatism and who have depression scores atMDI-C to those who experience no depression. Therefore, the I.R.F-40 is a three dimension scale presenting satisfactory psychometric properties. The results are discussed in the light of both their theoretical and practical implications.

Thesis (M.A. (Clinical psychology) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of family resilience on teenagers’ adaptation following parental divorce. Quantitative and qualitative, descriptive research was conducted to determine if there was a relationship between family resilience and teenagers’ adaptation. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires. Affected teenagers, n=60 and their families (n=60), were sampled using a screening tool at three schools in Capricorn district in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Data was collected using family resilience scales and coping scales: Ways of Coping (WCS). The data was analysed in line with ABCX-model to choose subscales that correlated significantly with adaptation scale of family resilience as potential resilience factors; and coping by avoidance, behavioral and cognitive strategies using (WCS). The study highlighted potential family resilience factors and specific ways of coping used by teenagers among families with teenagers following parental divorce. The findings have revealed that there are family characteristics which enable teenagers to cope following parental divorce. Teenagers who cope have been found to mostly use behavioural and cognitive strategies and less of avoidance strategies. Family resilience factors among the families of these teenagers were effective communication (Family Problem Solving and Communication-FPSC), family hardiness (Family Hardiness Index-FHI) and, the problem solving and behavioural strategies utilised by families in crisis situations (Family Crisis Oriented personal Evaluation Scales-F-COPES). Further research should focus on longitudinal and context-specific that tracks family and teenagers’ adaptation to stressful events as a process that unfolds over time and those that recognises bi-directional and, transactional influences among fa

This syudy aims to find out the role of self-esteem, hope and external factors in predicting resilience of students in Regional Boarding Elemantary Schools. The sample was 391 students in 6. 7. and 8. grades of Regional Boarding Elemantary Schools in Ankara. A demographic data form developed by the researcher, California Resilience and Youth Developmant Module (CDE, WestEd, 2001 / Gizir, 2004), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (&Ccedil / uhadaroglu, 1985 / Rosenberg, 1965), and Children&#039 / s Hope Scale (Kemer &amp / Atik, 2006 / Synder et al., 1997) were used to collect data. Multiple regression analysis for the total sample results revealed that predictor variables explained 69% of the total variance. According to results Hope, and some external assets (Home Caring Relationships, High Expectations, and Meaningful Participation, Community Caring Relationships and High Expectations / School and Community Meaningful Participation / Peer Caring Relationships and High Expectations) were important predictors of resilience. However, Self-esteem and two external assets (School Caring Relationships and High Expectations / and School Connectedness) did not contribute to internal assets of resilience scores. Furthermore, findings showed differences between boys and girls in terms of the predictor variables of resilience. Regression analysis indicated that the model with eight predictors explained 69% of the total variance among females and %70 for males. On the other hand, male students possesed five protective factors predicting resilience, whereas females had three.

Literature shows that serious concerns are being raised about the wellbeing of young people in South Africa, however somehow youth manage to sustain their health and wellbeing despite the risks they face. This phenomenon is called resilience; youth are coping well in the face of adversity, nevertheless little is known about the relationship between resilience and service usage. Resources such as empathy, religious leaders and personal faith, supportive family relationships and bonding with a parent empower youth against risks they might face, which might counteract various risks which impair youth from becoming resilient. This study focuses on the correlation between services and resilience through a quantitative cross-sectional survey of the Pathways to Resilience Youth Measure (PRYM). 1209 participants between the ages of 12 and 19, from QwaQwa and Bethlehem in the Free State, South Africa were involved. Statistical analysis found that been questioned by the Police, not as a witness (-0.203), foster home (-0.200), gone to court, not as a witness (-0.190), been put into jail (-0.227), been on probation (-0.222) and substance abuse or addiction services (-0.222) scored statistically practically significantly. These results might indicate that participants in this study do not necessarily use services which are identified in the PRYM; moreover low resilience youth use services due to their involvement in activities which might get them into trouble or have them witness such activities. Findings might also indicate that those at-risk youth whose family cannot care for them sufficiently might have low resilience levels and have to make use of services such as placements in Foster homes. Finally the limited use of services by high resilience youth might correspond with reports that youth make positive meaning of live events and circumstances. / Thesis (MEd (Educational Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Literature shows that serious concerns are being raised about the wellbeing of young people in South Africa, however somehow youth manage to sustain their health and wellbeing despite the risks they face. This phenomenon is called resilience; youth are coping well in the face of adversity, nevertheless little is known about the relationship between resilience and service usage. Resources such as empathy, religious leaders and personal faith, supportive family relationships and bonding with a parent empower youth against risks they might face, which might counteract various risks which impair youth from becoming resilient. This study focuses on the correlation between services and resilience through a quantitative cross-sectional survey of the Pathways to Resilience Youth Measure (PRYM). 1209 participants between the ages of 12 and 19, from QwaQwa and Bethlehem in the Free State, South Africa were involved. Statistical analysis found that been questioned by the Police, not as a witness (-0.203), foster home (-0.200), gone to court, not as a witness (-0.190), been put into jail (-0.227), been on probation (-0.222) and substance abuse or addiction services (-0.222) scored statistically practically significantly. These results might indicate that participants in this study do not necessarily use services which are identified in the PRYM; moreover low resilience youth use services due to their involvement in activities which might get them into trouble or have them witness such activities. Findings might also indicate that those at-risk youth whose family cannot care for them sufficiently might have low resilience levels and have to make use of services such as placements in Foster homes. Finally the limited use of services by high resilience youth might correspond with reports that youth make positive meaning of live events and circumstances. / Thesis (MEd (Educational Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

A Engenharia de Resiliência (ER) é um novo paradigma para gestão da segurança o qual, apesar de possuir uma fraca estrutura teórica, vem sendo aplicado em diversos setores. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo a identificação de fontes de fragilidade e resiliência em empresas de táxi aéreo. Para essa identificação foram utilizados os seguintes princípios da ER: flexibilidade, consciência, aprendizagem e comprometimento da alta direção. O estudo de caso foi à estratégia de pesquisa adotada, tendo sido investigadas duas empresas de táxi aéreo de pequeno porte. O método de pesquisa envolveu as seguintes etapas: (a) caracterização da empresa sob a perspectiva de três subsistemas que compõem seu sistema sócio-técnico (social, técnico e organização do trabalho); (b) identificação dos constrangimentos e adaptações dos funcionários no desempenho de suas atividades; (c) identificação das fontes de fragilidade e resiliência a partir dos 4 princípios da ER, desdobradas em evidências empíricas conforme a literatura Os resultados mostram que 11 fontes estavam relacionadas à fragilidade da empresa A e 6 da empresa B. Da mesma forma, identificou-se 9 fontes de resiliência na empresa A e na empresa A. Em particular, o objetivo primário da empresa (lucro, no caso de uma das empresas; servir aos proprietários, no caso da outra empresa) revelou-se como uma fonte comum a todas as fontes de resiliência ou fragilidade e quase todas as fontes de resiliência constituíram de ações isoladas dos operadores, revelando a emergência dessas fontes na organização informal das empresas. / Resilience Engineering (RE) is a new safety management paradigm which, in spit of its weak theoretical structure, has been applied in many domains. In this context, this research has a main objective of identifying sources of brittleness and resilience on air taxi carriers. To accomplish this objective, this work used as base the following RE principles: flexibility, conscious, learning, top management commitment. Case study was the research strategy used, which investigated two small air taxi carriers. Research method involved the following steps: (a) air taxi carrier characterization from the tree subsystems that compose socio-technical system (social, technical, work system); (b) employees constraints and adaptations identification during the job; (c) brittleness and resilience source identification from 4 RE principles, unfolded in empirical evidences according to literature. The results show that 11 sources were related to brittleness at company A and 6 at company B. At the same way, 9 sources of resilience were identified at company A and company B. In particular, the main air taxi carrier objective (to profit, in of one them; to serve, to another one) appeared as a common to all sources of brittleness and resiliencies and almost all sources of resilience were constituted of isolated action from operators, revealing resilience source emergence from companies informal organization.

How people survive and thrive through adversity is a question which has prompted much research. There is little agreement on the definition of resilience beyond the basic idea of "bouncing back", resulting in many studies which offer contradictory and confusing information. This study sought to organise the literature into broad conceptual categories, and attempted to explain some of the differences in definitions and research methods at the level of paradigm. A need to reconceptualise resilience was identified and undertaken in view of input from ecosystemic, cybernetic and postmodem paradigms. Attention was given especially to the role oflanguage, meaning and description, and the role of the observer/researcher in such a reconceptualisation. Guidelines were offered for approaching research in future. Finally, the context of the researcher was examined in an attempt at self-reflexivity as part of the process of research as proposed in the reconceptualisation. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

O trabalho analisa as contribuições da espiritualidade e da Pastoral católicas no desenvolvimento da resiliência, em jovens de 18 a 29 anos. Define-se a resiliência como o processo comportamental ou psíquico, de superação de situações adversas e traumáticas. Pode ser motivado, impulsionado e ajudado a continuar desenvolvendo-se mediante a promoção dos fatores de proteção (externos), assim como dos pilares de resiliência (internos) do próprio jovem. Estudam-se algumas características da religiosidade/espiritualidade na juventude, no tempo atual, e discutem-se as contribuições da religiosidade/espiritualidade e da Pastoral católicas no desenvolvimento da resiliência, vinculando os elementos priorizados em publicações pastorais da Igreja Católica, com os fatores de proteção e os pilares descritos na literatura sobre resiliência. Para a pesquisa qualitativa foram escolhidos 13 jovens residentes em São Leopoldo/RS, de 21 a 29 anos de idade, católicos e com alta resiliência. A maioria esteve exposta a fatores de risco e passou por uma constelação de situações críticas e/ou traumáticas. Na literatura, os fatores de proteção que favorecem o processo de resiliência são dois: a aceitação incondicional de pelo menos uma pessoa e as redes de apoio social, formais e informais (por exemplo: família, amigos, instituições educativas, sociais, grupos e comunidades de Igreja, rede de saúde, etc.). Os pilares de resiliência possíveis de serem promovidos são: a auto-estima; algumas aptidões e competências pessoais específicas; o senso de humor; e a religiosidade/espiritualidade ou o sentido da vida. Na pesquisa de campo os jovens se autodefinem como católicos e salientam que a ajuda de Deus e da família é essencial para poderem superar situações adversas e traumáticas. Não aparecem mencionadas como significativas nem autoridades, nem lideranças católicas, e sim alguns grupos de Igreja. A maioria dos entrevistados não têm prática institucional coletiva na Igreja Católica após a Primeira Comunhão. Porém, vários frequentam outras Igrejas, sem entrar em conflito com a sua pertença católica. A oração pessoal, espontânea, nas suas casas é uma prática privilegiada e frequente. A dimensão pessoal, subjetiva e emocional é um traço da sua religiosidade/espiritualidade. O estudo analisa como a resiliência pode ser promovida através de pessoas, grupos e instituições e através das propostas pastorais, assim como as possibilidades, as perspectivas e os desafios que o tema da resiliência traz para a reflexão e o trabalho que a Igreja Católica realiza junto aos jovens, visando tanto a prevenção quanto a superação de situações adversas ou traumáticas. / The study analyses how Catholic spirituality and Catholic pastoral work contribute to the development of resilience in young people between 18 and 29 years old. Resilience is defined as a behavioural or psychological process, which entails the overcoming of adverse and traumatic situations. The promotion of the protective factors (external) and the resilience pillars (internal) of the very same youngster can motivate, prompt or help the process to continue. Some of the characteristics of current young religiosity/spirituality are studied, and the contributions to the development of resilience made by Catholic religiosity/spirituality and Catholic pastoral work are discussed, linking the elements to which the pastoral publications of the Catholic Church have given priority with the protection factors and pillars described in literature regarding resilience. For the qualitative investigation, 13 young, catholic and highly- resilience, São Leopoldo/RS residents, between 18 and 29 years old, were selected. Most of them have been exposed to risk factors and undergone a constellation of critical and/or traumatic situations. According to literature, the protection factors that favour the process of resilience are two: the unconditional acceptance of at least one person and the social support networks, formal or informal (for instance, family, friends, educational and social institutions, Church groups and communities, health network, etc.). The resilience pillars that can be promoted are: self-esteem, some specific personal abilities and competencies, sense of humour, and the religiosity/spirituality or meaning of life. In field investigation, the youngsters define themselves as Catholics and state that help from God and their families is essential to overcome adverse and traumatic situations. Catholic authorities or leaders are not mentioned as significant, but some Church groups are. Most of those interviewed do not have any collective institutional practice at the Catholic Church after the First Communion. However, many frequent other churches, without coming into conflict with their catholic identity. Personal and spontaneous prayer at home is a privileged and common practice. Personal, subjective and emotional dimension is one feature of their religiosity/spirituality. The study analyses how people, groups, institutions and pastoral proposals can promote resilience, along with the possibilities, perspectives and challenges resilience posits to the reflection and work the Catholic Church does with the young, covering both the prevention and the overcoming of adverse and traumatic situations.

A Engenharia de Resiliência (ER) é um novo paradigma para gestão da segurança o qual, apesar de possuir uma fraca estrutura teórica, vem sendo aplicado em diversos setores. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo a identificação de fontes de fragilidade e resiliência em empresas de táxi aéreo. Para essa identificação foram utilizados os seguintes princípios da ER: flexibilidade, consciência, aprendizagem e comprometimento da alta direção. O estudo de caso foi à estratégia de pesquisa adotada, tendo sido investigadas duas empresas de táxi aéreo de pequeno porte. O método de pesquisa envolveu as seguintes etapas: (a) caracterização da empresa sob a perspectiva de três subsistemas que compõem seu sistema sócio-técnico (social, técnico e organização do trabalho); (b) identificação dos constrangimentos e adaptações dos funcionários no desempenho de suas atividades; (c) identificação das fontes de fragilidade e resiliência a partir dos 4 princípios da ER, desdobradas em evidências empíricas conforme a literatura Os resultados mostram que 11 fontes estavam relacionadas à fragilidade da empresa A e 6 da empresa B. Da mesma forma, identificou-se 9 fontes de resiliência na empresa A e na empresa A. Em particular, o objetivo primário da empresa (lucro, no caso de uma das empresas; servir aos proprietários, no caso da outra empresa) revelou-se como uma fonte comum a todas as fontes de resiliência ou fragilidade e quase todas as fontes de resiliência constituíram de ações isoladas dos operadores, revelando a emergência dessas fontes na organização informal das empresas. / Resilience Engineering (RE) is a new safety management paradigm which, in spit of its weak theoretical structure, has been applied in many domains. In this context, this research has a main objective of identifying sources of brittleness and resilience on air taxi carriers. To accomplish this objective, this work used as base the following RE principles: flexibility, conscious, learning, top management commitment. Case study was the research strategy used, which investigated two small air taxi carriers. Research method involved the following steps: (a) air taxi carrier characterization from the tree subsystems that compose socio-technical system (social, technical, work system); (b) employees constraints and adaptations identification during the job; (c) brittleness and resilience source identification from 4 RE principles, unfolded in empirical evidences according to literature. The results show that 11 sources were related to brittleness at company A and 6 at company B. At the same way, 9 sources of resilience were identified at company A and company B. In particular, the main air taxi carrier objective (to profit, in of one them; to serve, to another one) appeared as a common to all sources of brittleness and resiliencies and almost all sources of resilience were constituted of isolated action from operators, revealing resilience source emergence from companies informal organization.

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