L’OGC Nice en 2003 et le Stade Brestois 29 en 2004, clubs de football professionnel, ont accédé à la division supérieure. En scindant le concept de performance en deux processus (le compétitif et le performatif), il est possible de déterminer si le social a influencé leurs résultats. Dans les deux cas, la série d’entretiens thématiques semi-directifs s’appuyant sur le discours journalistique de leur parcours sportif montre la prédominance de l’identité locale lors d’un événement déclencheur de la performance au cours duquel l’équipe se transcende. Le Kairos reçu des dieux est ce moment particulier qui marque le début de leurs performances. Les matches deviennent des rites sportifs dont le but est d’accéder au sacré. Ce rite a son origine dans le rite sacrificiel mais la mimésis ne sert pas à transférer la violence vers une victime émissaire. Elle devient le support d’une accession au sacré. La puissance qui passerait de la société à l’équipe n’est que la prise de conscience du joueur qu’il peut mobiliser sa propre puissance de concert avec ses partenaires. La saison sportive est ainsi une perpétuelle reconstitution de la société avec, semble-t-il, comme canevas les contes et les mythes. Elle devient l’incarnation d’un imaginaire qui s’appuie sur l’affectivité humaine pour exister. L’homme est en quelque sorte un territoire ou l’imaginaire se lie au réel : il est un champion qui s’ignore et qui ne le découvre qu’en saisissant le Kairos. / Two professional football clubs, OGC Nice and Stade Brestois 29 reached the upper division in 2003 and 2004 respectively (Ligue 1 for OGC Nice and Ligue 2 for Stade Brestois 29). In order to determine whether their results were influenced by social issues or not, the concept of performance will be split into two processes (competitive and performative). In both cases, the series of semi-structured thematic interviews based on journalists’ speeches on their sports career shows the predominance of local identity during an event triggering their performance and during which the team transcends itself. The Kairos received from the gods stands for this particular moment when their performances begin. Matches are becoming sports rites aiming the sacred. Such rite originates in the sacrificial rites but mimesis is not use for transferring violence onto a scapegoat. It becomes the medium to get to the sacred. The strength which is supposed to go from society to the team is nothing but the player’s awareness of his ability to mobilize his own strength together with his team mates. Sport season is therefore a perpetual reconstruction of society with seemingly tales and myths as its framework. It becomes the embodiment of a fantasy based on human emotions. Man is somehow a territory where imaginary is linked to reality: he is an unconscious champion who only discovers it thanks to the Kairos.

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Ce mémoire sur le ministère de présence auprès des adolescents de 11 à 14 ans présente les caractéristiques nécessaires à ce type d'intervention à caractère spirituel. Il décrit le développement intégral de la personne de la naissance jusqu'à l'adolescence. Il dresse le portrait sociologique, culturel et religieux des jeunes québécois. Quelques modes d'intervention enrichissent la réflexion sur les besoins des adolescents aux niveaux psychologique, pédagogique et spirituel. Un modèle chrétien, Don Bosco et les salésiens, apporte une expérience reconnue de cette forme de ministère. Finalement, les différents éléments nécessaires à la pratique d'un ministère de présence sont apportés : le passeur, les jeunes animateurs, les activités, la vie de groupe et les propositions spirituelles dont le rite de passage.

BACKGROUND: Comparative evolutionary analysis of whole genomes requires not only accurate annotation of gene space, but also proper annotation of the repetitive fraction which is often the largest component of most if not all genomes larger than 50 kb in size. RESULTS: Here we present the Rice TE database (RiTE-db) - a genus-wide collection of transposable elements and repeated sequences across 11 diploid species of the genus Oryza and the closely-related out-group Leersia perrieri. The database consists of more than 170,000 entries divided into three main types: (i) a classified and curated set of publicly-available repeated sequences, (ii) a set of consensus assemblies of highly-repetitive sequences obtained from genome sequencing surveys of 12 species; and (iii) a set of full-length TEs, identified and extracted from 12 whole genome assemblies. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a repeat dataset that spans the majority of repeat variability within an entire genus, and one that includes complete elements as well as unassembled repeats. The database allows sequence browsing, downloading, and similarity searches. Because of the strategy adopted, the RiTE-db opens a new path to unprecedented direct comparative studies that span the entire nuclear repeat content of 15 million years of Oryza diversity.

Girl protagonists in rite of passage films regularly come to be burdened with a sobering maturity that sees them acquire a dysphoric subjective position under an oppressive patriarchal paradigm. According to Oedipal logics, both genders, in extricating themselves from the imaginary fullness of the maternal bond, come to be subjects of lack, but culturally entrenched patriarchal fictions concur in fostering masculine narcissism at the expense of the feminine. This practice-based research asks how the Oedipal narrative structure, which has defined twentieth- century mainstream cinema, can be re-appropriated and re- imagined for the purpose of writing a screenplay that highlights the girl's active and constructive engagement in the project of selfhood. My reading of seven films, which are all at the low-budget end of the mainstream (studio-financed as well as independent), details parallel structures and discourses within the proposed genre. Victor Turner's rite of passage model is used as a template for understanding rite of passage plot structure and transformative symbolism, while key concepts in Lacanian psychoanalysis serve to throw light on the adolescent girl's psychosexual development. My reading of Girlfight, which follows Luce Irigaray's critique of phallocentrism and concept of intersubjective dialogue, provides a key insight into how the narrative aspects of film can provide a propitious environment for resolving cultural impasse and catalysing understanding and change. I have written my screenplay Lullaby, which accompanies the thesis as Appendix IV, in accordance with my research goals. It serves as a blueprint for a feature film that will hopefully, one day, go into production.

ABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACT (in English) The diploma work deals with the hindu funeral rite. The thesis is based on the study of original Indian resources in Hindi and Sanskrit, as well as on treatises on this topic in English, German and Czech. The main part of the thesis consists of description of the last rite in the life of Hindus - the last samskara, known as antyeshti. The description of the funeral rite is made from structural and also historical point of view. The description of the structure of funeral rite is based on complex study of all resources, and translation of Paraskara grhyasutra is added as an attachment. This basis allows following development of the rite and its possible changes in modern India.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é traçar um panorama das transformações ocorridas no Peru na segunda metade do século XVI. Em primeiro lugar, o trabalho busca analisar as reorientações sofridas pelo clero local a partir da década de 1560, quando se observou uma virada ortodoxa no domínio missionário. Uma posição mais dura em relação às idolatrias indígenas passou a ser complementada pela insistência no conhecimento da doutrina e na explicitação da fé por meio dos sacramentos. Essas modificações seriam cristalizadas por ocasião do III Concílio Provincial de Lima (1582-1583), bem como nas obras do jesuíta José de Acosta. A preocupação conciliar com o governo das almas, contudo, não pode ser compreendido a contento sem uma análise do contexto administrativo e jurídico peruano. Nesse campo, aliás, processavam-se transformações análogas a partir de 1569, quando da chegada à região do vice-rei Francisco de Toledo. Por um lado, esse governante foi o artífice de um processo de centralização política em torno das instituições imperiais. Por outro lado, sua legislação permite compreender alguns aspectos do funcionamento de um dispositivo jurídico fundado numa concepção qualitativa de sociedade e no caráter ritualístico do direito. Ao lado dessa legislação, obras de autores centrais do período como Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Polo de Ondegardo, Juan de Matienzo e Pedro de Quiroga permitem compreender a organicidade existente entre as discussões missionárias em torno da conversão dos indígenas e o processo civilizador que pretendia se instituir no plano político. Ao mesmo tempo, esse momento da exposição revela o quanto se interligavam essas questões ao estado da economia peruana, particularmente no que toca às variações da produção mineira. Por fim, para complementar esse panorama, realiza-se uma pequena incursão no campo linguístico, com o fim de analisar as transformações contemporâneas ocorridas nos quadros de um processo de gramatização do quíchua e do aimará. Por meio da mobilização de alguns vocabulários então produzidos, a análise desse fenômeno permite relevar o quão conectado estava esse processo com relação ao campo missionário e à administração civil. Traçado esse panorama, o trabalho passa à reflexão acerca de algumas categorias de análise religião, índio, direito, mestiço etc. amplamente utilizadas pela historiografia contemporânea. Esse exercício tem por objetivo avaliar algumas implicações do uso de determinados conceitos sem a devida referência ao seu caráter histórico. Restituir a formação conceitual ao seu contexto específico permite, por fim, enfatizar a historicidade dos próprios processos de generalização de determinados códigos culturais que, a princípio, pertenceram à civilização cristã europeia. / The objective of this research is to provide an overview of the transformations that took place in Peru during the second half of XVI century. First, the work aims to analyze the reorientations of local clergy from the decade of 1560, when an orthodox turn could be observed in the missionary domination. A harder position concerning indigenous idolatries was complemented by the insistence on the doctrine knowledge and the explanation in faith based on the sacraments. These changes would be solidified during the Third Council of Lima (1582- 1583), as well as in the works of the Jesuit Jose de Acosta. The Council concern with governing the souls, however, cannot be understood properly without an analysis of the legal and administrative context of Peru. Also in this field similar changes were taking place, since the arrival of Viceroy Francisco de Toledo in 1569. On the one hand, this governor was the creator of a political centralization process around the imperial institutions. On the other hand, his ruling allows us to understand some features of a legal mechanism founded on a qualitative conception of society and ritualistic nature of law. Along with that legislation, works of main authors from that period like Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Polo de Ondegardo, Juan de Matienzo and Pedro de Quiroga allow the understanding of the organic characteristic presented within the missionary discussions concerning indigenous conversion and the civilizing process intended to be instituted on the political plan. At the same time, this moment of exposure reveals the amount of interconnection between those questions and the condition of Peruvian economy, especially in which refers to the variations of mining production. Finally, to complete the picture, there is a little incursion in the linguistic field to analyze the contemporary changes that occurred in the grammatization process of quíchua and aimará languages. For mobilizing some lexical then produced, the analysis of this phenomenon reveals as much it was connected to the missionary field and civil administration. After this overview, the work goes toward the reflection upon some categories of analysis religion, Indian, law, mestizo etc. widely used by contemporary historiography. This exercise aims to evaluate some implication of using certain concepts without the proper reference to its historical feature. Restoring the concept formation to its specific context allows, at last, to emphasize the historicity of the own generalization processes of specific cultural codes that, originally, belonged to European Christian civilization.

Magister Artium - MA / The mbopo institution, popularly known as the “fattening room” is a cultural rite of passage for young virgins, who are being prepared for marriage among the Ibibio/Efik people of southern Nigeria. It is a complex cultural institution which marked the change of status from girlhood to nubile womanhood in Ibibio/Efik culture. This study examines the practice of mbopo ritual among the Ibibio/Efik people across the previous century. Through an engaged and detailed visual analysis, the study argues that in the first decade of the 20th century, the mbopo ritual had a degree of vibrancy with an attached sense of secrecy and spiritual mystery. But between 1920 and the present, this vibrancy and spiritual undertone has been subtly but progressively compromised. A buildup of tension on the ritual by modern forces, not only of the outside missionaries, but also indigenous converts set in motion a process that would eventually transform the ritual from a framework of an actual cultural practice into the realms of “cultural reinvention” and re-rendering. Feminist critiques of the 1980s and the 1990s led to the popular awareness of the damaging impact of clitoridectomy, just one core aspect of the ritual. As a direct result, clitoridectomy was outlawed across the country, leaving mbopo to be seen as a morally suspect practice. In recent year, the once vibrant, secret and spiritually grounded rite of seclusion for nubile women has been reimagined and reinvented through the public display in art, painting, cultural dance troupe, music and television shows.

À partir de fonds d’archives, il s’est agi tout d’abord de rechercher, de transcrire et d’éditer la correspondance maçonnique entre Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, fondateur du Régime Écossais Rectifié à Lyon et Claude-François Achard, Vénérable Maître de la Triple Union de Marseille. On s’est intéressé aux échanges d’idées entre Willermoz et Achard et au discours du maçon lyonnais. Le but a été de mettre en évidence les principaux axes de la correspondance et notamment les thèmes ésotériques. / The scope of this work has been to complete and transcribe, then edit the masonic correspondence, from various archives collections, between Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, founder of the Rectified Scottish Order, and Claude-François Achard, Master of the “Triple Union de Marseille” Lodge. A particular attention has been given to their exchange of ideas, while focusing on JB Willermoz’s way of reasoning, in order to enlighten the major streams of this correspondence, among which its esoterical themes.