Este trabalho resulta de um estudo sobre as instituições oficiais educativas mexicas no contexto de hegemonia política da Tríplice Aliança estabelecida no Planalto Central Mexicano, no Pós-Clássico Tardio (1428 d.C. e 1521 d.C), período em que unificaram-se as forças bélicas de Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Texcoco e Tacuba. Os templos-escola oficiais mexicas se incumbiam da formação religiosa e militar dos jovens para a participação nas atividades vinculadas à organização estatal. O objetivo do estudo foi demonstrar a vital importância do sistema educacional na organização sócio-política mexica, entendido como elemento articulador das atividades religiosas, militares e econômicas. Para a realização da pesquisa foram adotadas como fontes primárias crônicas e documentos pictográficos produzidos no século XVI, bem como dados arqueológicos relativos a um templo-escola escavado no Templo Mayor de Mexico- Tenochtitlan. / This work presents the results of a systematic analysis of data concerning the official mexica educational institutions in the context of the Triple Aliance´s political hegemony established by the governing powers of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Texcoco and Tacuba. The temple-schools administrated by the mexica were mainly responsible for transmitting the military and religious precepts in order to prepare individuals for state matters and official duties. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the fundamental importance of the educational system in mexica\'s social and political organization. The institutions known as the mexica temple-schools are viewed here as common ground in which perpassed religious, military and economical activities. The research was based upon the comparative analysis of XVI century chronicles, pictorial manuscripts and archaeological evidence.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-10T15:51:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 danielalbergariasilva.pdf: 860165 bytes, checksum: 2e513bc45a4a890b8d1214385f090b76 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-11T15:55:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 danielalbergariasilva.pdf: 860165 bytes, checksum: 2e513bc45a4a890b8d1214385f090b76 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T15:55:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 danielalbergariasilva.pdf: 860165 bytes, checksum: 2e513bc45a4a890b8d1214385f090b76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-28 / O fenômeno humano abordado neste estudo são as relações entre grupos de Congado, chamados de Ternos de Congado, acompanhados em Festas de Nossa Senhora do Rosário na região do Campo das Vertentes, zona da mata de Minas Gerais. O objetivo foi de perceber o que os participantes mobilizavam nestes momentos festivos, procurando descrever, a partir do acompanhamento de um terno de congado em alguns de seus itinerários entre o ano de 2007 e 2008, as relações estabelecidas em seu contexto festivo. A dinâmica estabelecida em campo e que orientou a observação e o enfoque desta pesquisa proporcionou um deslocamento essencial e direcionador do foco de observação aqui apresentado. As precauções enfatizadas pelos congadeiros para “estarem no Rosário”, envolvia uma série de procedimentos tradicionais no diálogo a outros ternos de congado, a ancestrais mortos, a santos católicos, a entidades do panteão afro-brasileiro, além de outros participantes do festejo, como reis e rainhas congas e os festeiros. No contexto da Festa de Nossa Senhora do Rosário os congadeiros anunciavam interações com diversos atores, participantes em algum sentido, do mesmo evento. Juntamente a estas questões, serão exploradas discussões acerca da abordagem etnográfica e do dado relacional oferecido pelos interlocutores, “o estar no rosário”, para designar algumas interações que permeavam as festividades do Rosário acompanhadas. / The human phenomenon dealt with in this study are the relationships among groups of “Congado”, called “Ternos de Congado”, on certain festivals of Our Lady of the Rosary in the region of Campos das Vertentes, Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. The aim was to notice what the participants mobilized during those festive moments, trying to describe, from the watch of a “terno de congado” in some of its routes between the years 2007 and 2008, the established relationships during the festive context. The dynamics established in field guided the observation and the focus of this research, which provided an essential and leading shift of the focus of observation presented here. The precautions emphasized by the “Congadeiros” - in order “estarem no Rosário” - used to involve a series of traditional procedures in the dialogue with other “ternos do congado”, with dead ancestors, with Catholic saints, with entities from the African-Brazilian pantheon, besides with other participants of the celebration, as the Kings and the Queens of “Congado” and the revelers of the party. In the context of the Our Lady of the Rosary’s festival, the “congadeiros” used to interact with these several actors - participants in a sense - of the same event. Along with these issues, discussions concerning the ethnographic approach and the relational data offered by speakers – the “estar no Rosário” - will be explored here. This data, taken seriously conceptually, made possible to approach some of the interactions that permeated the festivities of the Rosary.

Orientador: Oswaldo Giacoia Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T23:29:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Abreu_MarilandeMartins_D.pdf: 1489133 bytes, checksum: c9b101ce75676fc46985b9e5aeccb698 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O presente estudo se propõe a delinear uma análise da realidade social a partir do conceito de sacrifício ritual, um fato social total à medida que apreende instâncias da vida política, religiosa, econômica e cultural. Para isso, os métodos tomados da Antropologia das Formas Expressivas e alguns conceitos da Teoria Psicanalítica, permitem problematizar e acompanhar legendas de narrativas míticas e rituais da Grécia Antiga através do simbolismo ritual que permite apreender a justaposição entre homem, deus e o animal, esse jogo se institui em correspondência e dependência da simbolização do feminino. O simbolismo ritual desvenda alguns elos entre laços sociais interdições sexuais, agressividade e sexualidade, permite ainda, interpretar o sacrifício ritual como imagem especular da ordem social. Estes temas remetem ao incesto e ao parricídio, fenômenos sociais implicados no sacrifício ritual e no jogo de justaposição entre homem, deus e o animal. Portanto, a partir de Totem e Tabu, de Sigmund Freud; A Violência e o Sagrado, de René Girard; e Homo-Necans - ritos sacrificiais e mitos da Grécia Antiga, de Walter Burkert, pretende-se interpretar algumas legendas míticas e rituais do politeísmo grego para evidenciar analogias e semelhanças entre sistemas sacrificiais de práticas religiosas de modernos e totêmicos, ou ainda, de monoteístas e politeístas. Essas imagens míticas e rituais repetem cenas de ordem e desordem associados à ação sacrificial, aproximam castração e ordem simbólico-ritual fálica, mito do Complexo de Édipo e pai da horda primitiva, tabu totêmico e tabu obsessivo, matriarcado e patriarcado. Jesus Cristo, Dionísio, Apolo e Hefesto se situam no jogo de justaposição entre homem, deus e o animal, associam-se ao campo masculino e ao patriarcado; do mesmo modo, divindades femininas como Maria, Deméter, Hera, Atena e Afrodite constituem imagens superpostas da mulher como mãe, virgem e amante, figuras situadas no campo feminino. O simbolismo ritual permite, assim, interpretar o advento do matriarcado em relação de dependência e polarização com o patriarcado, ambos repetem compulsivamente o jogo de superposições entre homem, deus e o animal que institui simbolismo ritual e transmite tradição cultural / Resumé: Cette étude se propose d'esquisser une analyse de la réalité sociale à partir du concept de sacrifice rituel, un fait social total dans la mesure où il comprend les instances de la vie politique, religieuse, économique et culturelle. Pour cela, les méthodes empruntées à l'anthropologie des formes expressives, et quelques concepts de la théorie psychanalytique permettent de problématiser et de suivre les légendes mythiques et rituelles de la Grèce antique à travers le symbolisme rituel, qui permet de comprendre la juxtaposition entre homme, dieu, et animal, qui s'institue en correspondance et en dépendance de la symbolisation du féminin. Le symbolisme rituel révèle quelque chaînons entre liens sociaux, interdictions sexuelles, agressivité et sexualité, et permet aussi d'interpréter le sacrifice rituel comme image spéculaire de l'ordre social. Ces thèmes renvoient à l'inceste et au parricide, phénomènes sociaux impliqués dans le sacrifice rituel et dans le jeu de juxtaposition entre homme, dieu, et animal. Donc, à partir de Totem et Tabou, de Sigmund Freud, de La violence et le sacré, de René Girard, et de Homo necans - rites sacrificiels et mythes de la Grèce antique, de Walter Burkert, on a l'intention d'interpréter quelques légendes mythiques et rituelles du polythéisme grec, ceci afin de mettre en évidence les analogies et les ressemblances entre les systèmes sacrificiels des pratiques religieuses modernes et totémiques, ou encore, monothéistes et polythéistes. Ces images mythiques et rituelles répètent les scènes d?ordre et de désordre associées à l'acte sacrificiel, rapprochent castration et ordre symbolico-phallique, mythe du complexe d'oedipe et du père de la horde primitive, tabou totémique et tabou obsessionnel, matriarcat et patriarcat. Jésus Christ, Dionysos, Apollon et Héphaïstos, se situent dans le jeu de juxtaposition entre homme, dieu, et animal, et sont associés au champ masculin et au patriarcat, et de la même façon, des divinités féminines comme Marie, Déméter, Héra, Athéna, et Aphrodite constituent des images superposées de la femme avec la mère, la vierge et l'amante, figures situées dans le champ féminin. Le symbolisme rituel permet ainsi d?interpréter l?avènement du matriarcat en relation de dépendance et de polarisation avec le patriarcat, l'un comme l'autre répétant compulsivement le jeu de superposition entre homme, dieu et animal qui institue le symbolisme rituel et transmet la tradition culturelle / Abstract: This study proposes to outline an analysis of social reality from the concept of ritual sacrifice, a total social fact that measuresand apprehends of political life, religious, economic and cultural life. For this reason, the methods taken from Anthropology of expressive forms and some concepts in psychoanalytic theory, allow problematize and accompany captions of mythic narratives and rituals of Ancient Greece through the ritual symbolism, which enables to seize the juxtaposition between man, God and the animal, which is establishing in correspondence and dependence of symbolization of the female. The ritual symbolism uncovers some links between social ties sexual prohibitions, aggression and sexuality, also allows, interpret the sacrifice ritual as specular image of the social order. These issues relate to the incest and the "parricidio", social phenomena involved in ritual sacrifice and in the game of juxtaposition between man, God and the animal. Therefore, from Totem and Taboo, Sigmund Freud; The violence and the sacred, of René Girard; and Homo-Necans - sacrificial rites and myths of Ancient Greece, of Walter Bürkert works, we want to interpret some mythical legends and rituals of the Greek polytheism to highlight similarities and parallels between sacrificial systems of religious practices of modern and "totemicos", or even, monotheistic and polytheist. These mythic images and rituals are repeated scenes of order and disorder associated with the sacrificial action, approach castration and order symbolic-ones, myth of Edipus Complex and father of the primitive horde, "totenico"taboo and obsessive taboo, matriarchy and the patriarchy. Jesus Christ, Dionysus, Apollo and Hefesto are situated in the game of juxtaposition between man, God and the animal, are associated with the male field and to the patriarchy; similarly, female deities as Mary, Demeter, Hera, Athena and Aphrodite are overlapping images of woman as mother, virgin and lover, figures situated in the countryside female. The ritual symbolism used to interpret the advent of matriarachy in relation of dependence and polarization with the patriarchy, both repeat compulsively the game of superpositions between man, God and the animal establishing ritual symbolism and transmits cultural tradition / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais / Doutora em Ciências Sociais

The intention of this dissertation is to reprogramme dead or underused urban space in order to create an interactive economic and educational facility. This is achieved by the use of food and architecture acts as the catalysts which activates the dead or underused space. The growth and expansion of cities are uncontrollable, the border between urban and landscape becomes increasingly unclear. Architecture becomes an exhibition of the proposed interventions, between urban and landscape. An existing parking lot in the Pretoria CBD is used to prove that, if an architectural intervention is attached to the existing urban fabric, a space were people can interact and experience the city can be activated. This is a place where the ritual of food and of architecture can be explored. This project revolves around the debate over the impact of the ritual of eating and how architecture is an ingredient in the ritual of eating. The design borrows from the predominant principles of the chef to satisfy the hunger of consumers. The project responds to the context, the conscious and the subconscious. Like a meal, a poem, or a piece of music, it aims to create a feast for the senses. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Architecture / unrestricted

Neste trabalho, situo a festa na estrutura ritual do candomblé, abordando preferencialmente a dimensão espetacular de sua liturgia. Privilegio, na descrição etnográfica, os elementos relacionados à construção do espetáculo religioso: a estética, o simbolismo das cores, a interatividade entre os atores rituais e o público, o aparato, a linguagem gestual, os aspectos dramáticos e lúdicos. Defendo que a dimensão espetacular das festas públicas do candomblé constituiu um dos principais fatores responsáveis pelo aumento da visibilidade social alcançada por essa religião no espaço público. Uma presença em parte justificada pelo poder de atração das linguagens expressivas que integram sua estrutura ritual. Um dos aspectos mais importantes da inserção social do candomblé foi a preservação da dimensão espetacular de sua ritualística, independente de todo sincretismo que esteve na base do seu processo de institucionalização. Esta religião não só conservou os elementos do espetáculo como os potencializou, tornando o caráter espetacular das cerimônias públicas um dos seus principais sinais diacríticos no universo religioso brasileiro. A presença de símbolos e práticas religiosas do candomblé em outros circuitos festivos, a exemplo do que acontece na Festa do Bonfim e na Festa de Iemanjá em Salvador, bem como o seu uso comercial e político por parte do Estado através dos seus órgãos de turismo, representam a contraface dessa inserção do candomblé no espaço público. / In this work I place the \"festa\" in the ritual structure of candomble, dealing preferably with the spectacular dimension of its liturgy. I privilege, in the ethnographic description, the elements related to the construction of the religious spectacle: the esthetics, the symbolism of colour, the interaction between ritual actors and the audience, the gestural language, the dramatic and the ludic aspects. I argue that the spectacular dimension of candomble public \"festas\" has been one of the major factors accountable for the rise in social visibility attained by this religion in the public sphere. This presence is partially due to the power of attraction exerted by the expressive languages that are part of its ritual structure. One of the main aspects of its social insertion was the preservation of the spectacular dimension of its ritual, independently of all the syncretism that has been in the basis of its institucionalization process. This religion not only has preserved spectacle elements but has actually strengthened them, making the spectacular character of the public ceremonies one of its main diacritic signs in the Brazilian religious universe. The presence of symbols and religious practices of candomble in other festive events, as is the case with the \"Festa do Bonfim\" and the \"Festa de Iemanjá\", in Salvador, as well as its commercial and political use by the State through its tourism offices, represent another facet of this insertion of candomble in the public sphere.

Master of Arts / Department of Sociology / Laszlo Kulcsar / “Family” is a sacred concept to the Kansas State football team. Calling a group of 100 plus players from across the nation and ten coaches a family is a unique concept when it is viewed from the outside. However, if you have been a part of the rituals involved in it, you understand. This research project examines the role of ritual in the “family” environment of Kansas State football and how that affects young men from different sociological backgrounds by interviewing 20 current and past players in the program. Though the findings showed that this culture affected all respondents in a positive way, it was also discovered that 4 particular young men who grew up with less family support were affected more than those who felt supported by their family from a young age.

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Abstract By critically analysing three pieces of devised performance, Even as I Walk (2008), They Were Silent (2009) and The Wages of Sin (2009), I argue that the concept of performance is not easily defined. Rather, it is an ever-changing phenomenon, which can become a useful platform for dialoguing about deeply personal and necessarily public and political subject matter. I locate myself and the theatre makers I worked with to create the three pieces, in the work by reflecting on and writing about the processes using auto-ethnography as a lens. The context within which I write, and within which my collaborators and I work, is that of our locations in very specific African, moral, cultural, political and creative impulses which we interrogate through the creative processes. Through the writing and reflecting, I arrive at various conclusions, including what I call ‘the methodology of not knowing,’ the importance of the group in facilitating the research and creative process, the necessity of redefining or renegotiation—for the purposes of both the research and the creative goals—our understandings of what performance is.

The object of this study is an investigation of the connection between the Indian divinatory practice known as jyotish and Hindu devotion. By focusing on the connection between jyotish and devotion, I want to offer a new perspective on "the most prestigious and encompassing form of Hindu divination, permeating Indian society today as it has done for centuries: from its universities - where, as part of current Hindutva efforts and amidst much upheaval, astrology was recently introduced as an academic discipline - to the matrimonial columns of its daily papers." Jyotish, literally meaning "light" of the heavenly bodies, is India's system of divination, which investigates how heavenly lights affect human life. Jyotish helps to achieve the four main goals of life: dharma (social and religious duty), artha (acquiring wealth), kama (love and worldly enjoyment), and moksha (liberation). Through the jyotish system of examination one can understand the karmic unfoldments in those four areas as well as learn the ways to improve them. Jyotish also can be described as a model of reality "which interprets the observed conditions of the cosmos at the time of an event in order to provide insight into the nature of that event." Jyotish is sometimes referred to, especially outside India, as "Hindu astrology;" this term, however, is misleadingly sectarian, for jyotish is also practiced by Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains, Muslims and Christians, in many countries other than India. At the same time, jyotish is Hindu astrology in the sense that it is an outgrowth of Hinduism, and is an intrinsic part of India's religious and cultural experience. Jyotish is still as integral to the lives of India's common people as are the prayers, rituals, pilgrimages, and other religious ceremonies that jyotish helps to time. Considering the pervasiveness of jyotish in India, as well as its noticeable recent rise in popularity in the West, the scarcity of western scholarship on the subject is surprising. David Pingree was one of the few western scholars who examined and studied the history of jyotish. Studying primary texts, Pingree produced excellent work on the history, transmission, and development of jyotish. Pingree was mostly interested in the transmission and development of the exact sciences such as mathematics, astronomy and astrology. Even though today astrology is not considered a science, it was viewed as such in the past. In fact, astrology began to disappear from European universities as late as the 17th century. The discussion of what "science" is deserves much more attention and research that goes beyond the scope of the present thesis. However, one obvious point is that when we cross the boundaries of time and cultures the concept of "science" considerably changes. When western scholars approach an ancient eastern system, they largely focus on jyotish's "scientific" aspect, placing it among disciplines such as mathematics, medicine, and astronomy (modern day scientific classification). Martin Gansten, for instance claims that, "The pride of place thus given to astrology is presumably due at least in part to its scientific character, by which I mean not only because of its complexity and systematic nature, but above all its claims to objectivity." Jyotish's claim to objectivity derives from the fact that the planetary positions at a person's birth may be calculated any number of times by different astrologers, with, at least in theory, identical results. Thus, Gansten argues that a personal ability on the part of the astrologer to apply the various rules of interpretation is called forth, but this is predominantly an intellectual skill, rather than a mystical or magical one. Another key factor that contributes to the scientific categorization of jyotish derives from the Hindu tradition itself. The Kalpa Sutra texts, composed between the eight and fourth centuries BCE, and concerned with ritual and law, place jyotish among the auxiliary sciences, known as the 'limbs of the Veda' (vedanga). Its placement among the Vedangas - which consist of the correct pronunciation of Vedic texts (siksa), the correct performance of ritual (kalpa), the study of grammar (vyakarana), etymology of Vedic words (nirukta), and prosody (chandas) - also an invites analytical perception of jyotish. Jyotish's affiliation to science cannot be underestimated since the very base of it lies in the rigorous knowledge of spherical astronomy (gola) and astronomical calculations (ganita). There are different systems of horoscope calculations. For example, one of the major divisions in zodiacal measurement is the difference between the tropical zodiac (utilized by Western astrologers) and the sidereal zodiac (utilized by Eastern astrologers). Despite the differences in systems, however, the calculations of astronomical data are strictly objective. That objectivity allowed computerization of the complex astronomical and mathematical calculations that had to be done manually in antiquity. Today, anyone who has an access to a computer can obtain a basic astrological program, downloading it for free from the internet, or buying a more complex version from a specialized vendor. However, access to the calculations, no matter how accurate, does not provide one with the correct understanding of an astrological chart. The technical calculations are only a preliminary step that leads to the more complex aspect of jyotish astrology - interpretation. Just as there are different systems of calculation, there are different styles of interpretation. The chief styles of jyotish are: Nadi jyotish, Parashari jyotish, Jaimini jyotish, Tantric jyotish, and Tajika jyotish; each style retains its distinctive character and capabilities, though they have repeatedly influenced each other over the centuries. The variety of approaches leads to differences and sometimes even to contradictions between chart interpretations. However, the intricacy and inconsistency of interpretations cannot be solely ascribed to the differences in astrological styles. It is not rare to encounter contradictory predictions made by astrologers from the same astrological school. The reason may be that as in any other branch of knowledge there are knowledgeable people and there are others who simply imitate expertise in order to gain a profit. The true reason, however, according to tradition, lies much deeper. The source of interpretations' inconsistency is rooted in myth. As we should see further, myth plays a central role in Hindu culture, and many important phenomena such as cosmological data, archetypal material, cultural and social taboos, medical information, and spiritual and mystical matters were elucidated by it. According to one of the astrological myths, in ancient times the divine couple Siva and Parvati, inflamed great curiosity among people. Since their relationship was charged with volcanic passion, knowing its details was very entertaining. At that time, the all seeing eye of jyotish was so powerful that with its help, astrologers were able to perceive all the intimate details of the divine couple's daily life. For amusement, people would come to the astrologers to hear those details. When Siva discovered that astrologers had brazenly intruded into his personal life, he became furious and cursed all the astrologers. Since then, Siva's wrath has not permitted astrologers to interpret horoscopes identically and agree with each other on astrological interpretations. Their ability to obtain omniscience with the help of jyotish was lost forever. With or without considering Siva's curse it is easy to see how astrological combinations may lead to contradictory interpretations and how different astrologers looking at the same chart may give polar opposite interpretations. For example, it is not unusual to find six planetary indications for prosperity and another six for poverty in the same chart. In this situation, the astrologer's ability to look beyond the mere calculations is called forth; intuition or divine insight is vital for the correct interpretation. Genuine astrologers have to use rational methods and intuitive powers to complement one another, and only those who become adept at both these approaches to divination can ever become fit receptacles for the Jyotir Vidya (the "Lore of Light"). An important practice that develops divine intuition is devotion. Therefore, it would be wrong to limit jyotish to a strictly scientific domain, ignoring an essential part of mastery in interpretation that, as we shall see, is very tightly connected to devotion. Without denying the scientific aspect of jyotish astrology, I will illuminate another very important aspect of it - devotion. Like many other divinatory Hindu practices, jyotish astrology is immersed in religion, and by overlooking that fact, we fail to perceive the full picture of jyotish. By exploring the close links between jyotish astrology and Hindu religious practice, I argue that attending to those connections is a more holistic way to perceive jyotish astrology. This approach does not limit the jyotish system solely to an intellectual domain; it allows space for religious and mystical experiences. Examining philosophical and methodological aspects of this ancient divinatory practice, I will show that it is impossible to fully understand the jyotish astrological system without considering its connection to devotion.