In the teoretical part of the master´s thesis, the master´s thesis deals with milling and surface profile describing. In the practical part, the master´s thesis deal with model of surface profile after milling operation with plain milling cetter. For evalution were used data obtained from the computer model of the surface profil and data obtained from measuring the actual surface profil, which was created by machining the material mills with a diameter of 45 mm.

The diploma thesis is focused on the milling strategies and their suitability for the production of complicated sculptured surfaces using a three-axe milling center and the operation system Heidenhain iTNC 530. The behavior of the tools and the results of the individual milled samples were monitored under changing milling strategies during the experiment. The outcomes of the experiment were seven milled samples and an assessment of the effect of the Machine – Tool – Workpiece system toughness. In addition, the suitability of the milling strategies were evaluated in consideration to the quality of the milled surface and the production time.

This master`s thesis is focused on modern cutting finishing methods of outer surfaces. In the first part the cutting finishing technologies of outer surfaces are analysed, which is followed by a description of modern finishing methods from the fine machining up-to the nano-machining. The experimental part includes the analysis of surface roughness during front turning of a dural disc and the study of magnitudes of forces during its longitudinal turning. The thesis contains technological-economic evaluation of the achieved results.

This master’s thesis deals with the process of production of oil pump at the company Antreg, a.s. The purpose of the thesis was to design a new technological process without grinding. The goal was achieved by an experiment. The necessary measurements were taken on the front part of the oil pump box. Measurements are described and evaluated in this thesis. As a next step, optimal technological process was applied to other parts of the oil pump box. An economic evaluation was carried out for a selected technical process.

The diploma thesis discusses laser cutting of non-ferrous metals using fiber YbYag laser and evaluation of the roughness of cutting edge samples. To manufacture samples of aluminium Al 99,5, deoxidized copper Cu – DHP and brass CuZn37 were used combinations of process parameters according to Taguchi statistical method. Samples were subsequently evaluated, according to the ČSN EN ISO 9013 standard and sorted into roughness cathegories, and by technical and economical evaluation, the most economical process parameter combinations were found. Experimantal part is preceded by description of general methods of cutting, description of laser types, process parameters and their influence on the occurrence of the cutting edge defects and description of roughness measurement and standard ČSN EN ISO 9013.

Au cours des 20 dernières années, le développement des méthodes de télédétection et le succès des missions spatiales ont considérablement enrichi nos connaissances sur les surfaces planétaires révélant une immense diversité de morphologies. Etant le reflet de l'interaction et de la compétition entre des processus géologiques dont les modalités sont variables d'un corps à l'autre, elles sont largement étudiées pour retracer l'histoire géologique des planètes telluriques. En particulier, des informations précieuses sur la nature des processus et sur les lois générales qui contrôlent la formation et l'évolution des paysages sont enregistrées dans le champ topographique qui peut être analysé en tant que champ statistique. Nous rapportons dans cette thèse les résultats d'une étude comparative des propriétés statistiques de la topographie des principaux corps du système solaire en nous appuyant sur le volume croissant de données altimétriques et photogrammétriques. Notre approche est centrée sur la notion de loi d'échelle qui vise à caractériser les symétries du champ en traduisant le caractère auto-similaire des surfaces naturelles : les détails d'une surface ressemblent en général à des versions réduites de l'ensemble. Nous mettons en oeuvre plusieurs méthodes d'analyse de données dites «multifractales» pour dégager le meilleur modèle statistique capable de décrire la topographie dans différents contexte et proposons de nouveaux indicateurs de rugosité à l'échelle globale, régionale et locale. Nous montrons qu'en dépit de leur diversité, les surfaces du système solaire respectent des lois statistiques similaires que nous explicitons. En particulier nous montrons que la distribution globale des pentes d'un corps respecte en général des lois multifractales pour les échelles supérieures à 10-20km et présente une structure statistique différente pour les échelles inférieures. Enfin nous proposons une méthode pour générer des topographies synthétique sphériques dont le propriétés statistiques sont similaires aux topographie planétaire du système solaire. / Over the past 20 years, the development of remote sensing methods and the success of space missions have considerably enriched our knowledge of planetary surfaces revealing an immense diversity of morphologies. Being the reflection of the interaction and the competition between geological processes whose modalities are variable from one body to the other, they are widely studied to trace the geological history of the telluric planets. In particular, precise information on the nature of processes and general laws controlling the formation and evolution of landscapes is recorded in the topographic field which can be analyzed as a statistical field. We report in this thesis the results of a comparative study of the statistical properties of the topography of the main bodies of the solar system based on the increasing volume of altimetric and photogrammetric data. Our approach focuses on the notion of scaling law which aims to characterize the symmetries of the field by translating the self-similar nature of natural surfaces: the details of a surface generally look like reduced versions of the whole. We use several methods of analyzing so-called "multifractal" to derive the best statistical model capable of describing the topography in different contexts and propose new indicators of roughness at the global, regional and local scale. We show that in spite of their diversity, the surface of the solar system respects similar statistical laws. In particular, we show that the overall distribution of the slopes of a body generally respects multifractal laws for scales greater than 10-20 km and presents a different statistical structure for the lower scales. Finally, we propose a method for generating spherical synthetic topographies whose statistical properties are similar to the topographies in the solar system.

Objetivo: Comparar in vitro la microdureza y rugosidad superficial del cerómero antes y después de su exposición a una bebida energizante. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio fue de tipo experimental in vitro. Se evaluaron 20 discos tipo cilíndricos (6 mm de altura y 4 mm de ancho) del cerómero SR Adoro® divididos en dos grupos para evaluar la microdureza superficial y rugosidad superficial. El desafío erosivo se realizó por 30 minutos/1 vez/ 5 días con la bebida Red Bull®. El análisis estadístico que se utilizó para evaluar la microdureza superficial fue la prueba de Wilcoxon. Sin embargo, para evaluar la rugosidad superficial se utilizó la prueba de T Student. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al evaluar la microdureza superficial. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas al evaluar la rugosidad superficial del cerómero. La media y desviación estándar de la microdureza superficial del cerómero SR Adoro® antes del desafío erosivo fue de 55.45 + 6.42 MPa y después del desafío erosivo fue de 38.24 + 6.09 MPa. La diferencia de microdureza superficial inicial y final fue de 17.21+ 0.33 MPa. La media y desviación estándar de la rugosidad del cerómero SR Adoro® antes del desafío erosivo fue de 1.66 + 0.30 y después fue de 1.703 + 0.43 µm. La diferencia de rugosidad inicial y final del cerómero SR Adoro® expuesta a la bebida (Red Bull®) fue de 0.04+ 0.33 µm. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas al evaluar la microdureza superficial. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al evaluar la rugosidad del cerómero SR Adoro® (p<0.05; p=0.808) al ser expuesta a una bebida energizante Red Bull®. / Objective: To compare in vitro the superficial microhardness and roughness of the ceromer before and after being exposed to an energizing drink. Materials and methods: This study was of experimental type in vitro. Twenty cylindrical discs (6 mm high and 4 mm wide) of the SR Adoro® ceromer were divided into two groups to evaluate the surface microhardness and surface roughness. The erosive challenge was performed for 30 minutes / 1 time / 5 days with the Red Bull® drink. The statistical analysis that was used to evaluate the surface microhardness was the Wilcoxon test. However, the Student's T test was used to evaluate the surface roughness. Results: Statistically significant differences were found when evaluating surface microhardness. However, no significant differences were found when evaluating the roughness of the ceromer. The mean and standard deviation of the surface microhardness of the SR Adoro® ceromer before the erosive challenge was 55.45 + 6.42 MPa and after the erosive challenge was 38.24 + 6.09 MPa. The difference of initial and final surface microhardness was 17.21 + 0.33 µm. The mean and standard deviation of the rugosity of the SR Adoro® ceromer before the erosive challenge was 1.66 + 0.30 µm and then was 1.703 + 0.43 µm. The initial and final roughness difference of the SR Adoro® ceromer exposed to the beverage (Red Bull®) was 0.04 + 0.33 µm. Conclusions: There are statistically significant differences when evaluating surface microhardness. However, no statistically significant differences were found when assessing the rugosity of the SR Adoro® ceromer (p<0.05, p = 0.808) when exposed to a Red Bull® energy drink. / Tesis

La FA (Fabrication Additive) est un procédé de fabrication qui rend possible, en ajoutant de la matière couche après couche, la création de pièces en trois dimensions. Cette technologie a de nombreux intérêts car elle permet l’intégration de formes ou de structures complexes, la réduction des déchets, la fabrication sur demande et la réduction du temps de conception. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons cherché à déterminer des orientations remarquables de pièces afin de les fabriquer par des procédés de FA. Au vu du grand nombre d’effets liés à l’orientation d’une pièce, nous avons choisi une approche multicritères prenant en compte la qualité de surface des pièces, le volume de support, le temps et le coût de fabrication. Afin d’avoir une bonne qualité de surface sur les faces fonctionnelles de la pièce et pour limiter le post-traitement, une orientation précise a été définie pour chacune d’elle. Cette méthodologie a été développée dans le cadre du projet Taal, projet de recherche et développement précurseur du logiciel 4D-Additive de Coretechnologie. Sur ce dernier, en plus de cette méthodologie, de nombreuses fonctions ont été développées pour préparer la fabrication d’une pièce par un procédé additif. L’orientation d’une pièce en FA est une étape à ne surtout pas négliger. Elle pourra permettre de trouver un compromis entre les spécificités liées aux procédés de FA ou entrainer un coût important de fabrication et une qualité de surface de la pièce médiocre. Des évolutions de la méthode sont possibles comme une étude mécanique de la pièce dans les différentes orientations testées car de nombreuses questions se posent sur la résistance des pièces imprimées. / AM (Additive Manufacturing) is a manufacturing process that makes possible, by adding layer-by-layer material, to create three-dimensional parts. This technology has many interests as it allows complex shapes or structures integration, waste reduction, on-demand fabrication and reduced conception time. During this thesis, we tried to determine remarkable orientations of parts in order to manufacture them by AM process. Considering the large number of effects related to part orientation, we chose a multi-criteria approach taking into account the surface quality of the parts, the volume of support, the manufacturing time and cost. In order to have a good surface quality on functional faces of the part and to limit the post-treatment, a precise orientation has been defined. This methodology was developed in the structure of the Taal project, a research and development project precursor of Coretechnologie's 4D-Additive software. On this last, in addition to this methodology, many functions have been developed to prepare the manufacture of a part by an additive process. The orientation of a part in AM is a step that can’t be overlooked. It may make it possible to find a compromise between the specificities related to the AM processes or generate a high manufacturing cost and a poor surface quality of the part. Evolutions of the method are possible as a mechanical study of the part in the different orientations tested because many questions arise on the strength of the printed parts.

Magister Theologiae - MTh / This study aimed to determine the association between dimensional change and surface roughness (Ra) of Vitremer, Activa and Cention N after immersing them into two different media: acidic and artificial saliva media for the period of a year. Measurements were made at 10 time intervals during the observation period.

Migrating freshwater fish population has been significantly declined, mostly by the obstruction of their migratory routes by hydropower dams. To diminish such impacts, fish ladders have been developed to facilitate the passage of migrating fish. However, fish ladders are associated with mortality and migratory failure, resulting in an ecological problem which has been a concern for years. The paper contained in the following pages focuses on studying the viability of an innovative modular design for a fish ladder developed by Fiskvägsteknik AB. The design is based in a vertical slot fishway (VSF) to which some roughness elements are attached to modify the flow. The aim of this bypass system is to restore the original biological continuity and diversity in the Swedish rivers, therefore solving a long-lasting ecological problem that hydroelectric production has caused over the years. Through a computational analysis, the flow has been evaluated as a function of the parameters that present an influence over its behaviour. First, a study of the changes in flow velocity influenced by four different slopes: 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %, has been performed with the objective to find an appropriate inclination according to the capabilities of the fish species considered. The lowest slopes have resulted to be the most appropriate ones, coinciding with low values of turbulent kinetic energy and lower flow velocities. The second step has been checking the effect of roughness elements on the bottom part of the structure tilted a 5%. The flow velocity has shown a considerable decrease, falling in the range of the fish swimming capabilities established. As for the streamlines of the flow, they were altered compared to the cases without the roughness elements.