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Escola e resistência: o caso do Liceu Autogerido de Paris / School and resistance: the case of the self-managed High School of Paris.Ciola, André Blaud 14 October 2015 (has links)
O presente trabalho insere-se no campo interdisciplinar que abrange os domínios da pedagogia e das ciências políticas. O objetivo geral é avaliar o vínculo existente entre uma instituição escolar e um projeto de resistência política. Trata-se do Liceu Autogerido de Paris, instituição escolhida por ser uma escola que apresenta uma proposta radicalmente distinta com relação às outras escolas da rede de ensino da qual faz parte e por conter nessa proposta elementos que podem contribuir para um projeto de emancipação. O estudo apoiou-se em uma pesquisa de campo que buscou mapear esses elementos no cotidiano da instituição. Em seguida, os dados coletados foram confrontados com a pesquisa bibliográfica realizada, que abordou três grupos de autores: no primeiro estão aqueles que auxiliaram a estabelecer um conceito de resistência; no segundo, autores implicados na crítica ao sistema de ensino capitalista; e, por último, autores que discutiram outras experiências que relacionam escola e resistência. Entre os resultados desta pesquisa, está a exposição de uma série de reflexões com relação às práticas escolares e de resistência, destacando-se o papel que possuem no questionamento da forma que o sistemas de ensino assumem hoje / The present work is a part of the interdisciplinary field that covers the domains of pedagogy and political sciences. The overall objective is to evaluate the link between an educational institution and a project of political resistance. We have chosen the Self-managed High School of Paris since this institution presents a radically different proposal relative to other schools of the school system to which it belongs and for containing within this proposal elements which might contribute to an emancipatory project. The study was developed through a field research, which mapped these elements in the institution\'s daily life. Then the collected data was compared with the literature survey, which addressed three groups of authors: the first are those who helped to establish a concept of resistance; in the second, authors involved in the critique of capitalist education system; and, finally, authors who discussed other experiences that relate school and resistance. Among the results of this research, it is the exhibition of a series of reflections regarding school practices and resistance, highlighting the role they have in questioning the way the education systems take today
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Personers erfarenheter av att leva med diabetes mellitus typ 2 / Persons' experiences of living with diabetes mellitus type 2Yngvesdotter Kaldemark, Anna, Verdrengh, Linnea January 2019 (has links)
Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic disease which increased in many countries and is rated as a threat to the public health. In order to be able to handle the disease and prevent severe complications or even death, the person affected with diabetes mellitus type 2 should gather knowledge about the disease and take on great responsibility for proper treatment. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe persons' experience of living with diabetes mellitus type 2. Method: The method used was a literature study based on qualitative research. The articles were analysed according to Friberg (2017) five step model and resulted in three themes and eight subthemes. Results: The themes were The importance of culture, Self-management and Participation in care. The theme The importance of culture described how religion and culture could affect the persons' choice of food and the ways they managed their disease under religious celebrations such as Ramadan. The theme Self-management described the obstacles they could face with their disease, such as medication and how they could manage to control it. The theme Participation in care described different obstacles in health care such as language, culture and lack of insight into the disease. Conclusion: One of the most important parts in self-managing diabetes mellitus type 2 was that the persons should realize they suffered from a chronic disease and that they had to change their lifestyles in order to prevent complications related to the disease. / Diabetes mellitus typ 2 har ökat under de senaste decennium att sjukdomen ses som en epidemi. Sjuksköterskan möter svårigheter i att finna motivation till livsstilsförändringar hos personer som har sjukdomen. Som sjuksköterska är en betydelsefull del i vårdandet av personen med diabetes mellitus typ 2 att ta del av personens resurser för att finna personens förmåga till att sköta sin sjukdom. För personen med sjukdomen är det av stor vikt att inse att diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en kronisk och progressiv sjukdom som kräver åtgärder och skötsel, då komplikationerna till sjukdomen kan vara allvarliga och i värsta fall leda till döden. I en globaliserad värld är det angeläget för sjuksköterskan att ha förståelse för hur kultur och religion spelar in i vissa personers liv och hur det kan påverka synen på sjukdom, egenvård och läkemedel. Den förståelsen kan förbättras genom att sjuksköterskan får en bredare kompetens inom kultur och religion samt hur dessa två faktorer påverkar samhällslivet. Sjuksköterskan ska också ha ett öppet förhållningssätt gentemot personer med en annan religiös åskådning och med andra socioekonomiska förutsättningar än den som sjuksköterskan själv har.
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Adaptação e validação da versão em português da escala Partners in Health (PIH) para a população brasileira com doenças crônicas / Adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of the scale Partners in Health (PIH) to the Brazilian population with chronic diseasesRenata Stackfleth 11 August 2017 (has links)
Introdução. O automanejo em saúde pode ser entendido como a habilidade da pessoa em conseguir resolver problemas e ser a protagonista, nas tomadas de decisão relacionadas à sua vida e à sua saúde. Este conceito tem sido associado com resultados positivos, tanto para o indivíduo como para as instituições de saúde. A escala Partners in Health (PIH) avalia o automanejo em saúde por meio do engajamento da pessoa com doença crônica na execução de ações que protegem e promovem a saúde. Objetivos. Este estudo metodológico teve como objetivos adaptar culturalmente a PIH e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão adaptada em uma amostra de indivíduos adultos com doenças crônicas. Método. O estudo foi aprovado pelos Comitês de Ética das instituições envolvidas. O processo de adaptação cultural ocorreu como segue: tradução do instrumento original, avaliação e síntese das traduções pelo Comitê de Juízes, retrotradução, avaliação semântica dos itens, avaliação pelo autor do instrumento original, pré-teste e avaliação psicométrica. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro e maio de 2016, em seis ambulatórios (nefrologia, gastroenterologia, cardiologia, imunologia, endocrinologia e oncologia) do Hospital de Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. Participaram do estudo 176 indivíduos adultos de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico de doenças crônicas há, pelo menos, seis meses e que estavam em acompanhamento clínico regular em um dos ambulatórios referidos. A PIH é respondida em uma escala ordinal com nove pontos, na qual menores valores indicam melhor automanejo, em um intervalo possível de zero a 96 pontos. A validade de constructo da PIH foi avaliada pelas correlações entre a medida de automanejo com as medidas de autoestima (Escala de Auto-Estima de Rosenberg), ansiedade e depressão (Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão- HADS). A confiabilidade foi avaliada pela consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach). O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. Resultados. A média de idade dos participantes foi 54,1 anos (DP=15,1, variação 21-87) e 51,6% eram do sexo feminino. O tempo médio de ensino formal relatado foi de 7 (DP=4,80, variação 0-21) anos. Eles apresentaram diversificadas doenças crônicas, e 80,3% tinham mais de dois anos de diagnóstico. O escore médio da PIH foi de 24,5 (DP=15,1). Em 75% dos itens, foi verificada a presença de efeito chão (itens 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 e 12). O alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,78. A correlação entre as medidas de automanejo e autoestima apresentou valor negativo e de moderada intensidade (r = - 0,344; p < 0,001). As correlações entre as medidas de automanejo e sintomas de ansiedade (r = 0,360; p<0,001) e sintomas de depressão (r = 0,363; p < 0,001) apresentaram valores positivos e de moderadas intensidades. As propriedades psicométricas da versão adaptada da PIH foram consideradas adequadas. Conclusão. A versão brasileira da PIH apresentou propriedades psicométricas aceitáveis para medir o automanejo da saúde, entre os participantes do estudo. A versão adaptada da PIH deverá ser testada em outros grupos de indivíduos com doenças crônicas, com diferentes características sociodemográficas / Introduction. Self-management in healthcare can be understood as people\'s skill to manage to solve problems and play the leading role in making decisions related to their life and health. This concept has been associated with positive results both to the individual and to healthcare institutions. The Partners in Health (PIH) scale assesses self-management in health by means of the engagement of a person with a chronic disease in the execution of actions that protect and promote health. Aim. The objectives of this methodological study were to culturally adapt the PIH and to assess the psychometric properties of the adapted version in a sample of adult individuals with chronic diseases. Method. The study was approved by the ethics committees of the institutions involved. The process of cultural adaptation took place as follows: translation of the original instrument, evaluation and synthesis of the translations by a board of experts, back-translation, semantic evaluation of the items, evaluation by the author of the original instrument, pre-test, and psychometric evaluation. Data were collected between January and May 2016, in six outpatient clinics (nephrology, gastroenterology, cardiology, immunology, endocrinology and oncology) of the Clinics Hospital at the University of São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto/SP. Study participants were 176 adults, both male and female, with a diagnosis of chronic disease for at least six months, and who were undergoing regular follow-up at one of the aforementioned clinics. The PIH is answered in an ordinal scale with nine points, in which lower values indicate better self-management, in a possible range from 0 to 96 points. The construct validity of the PIH was assessed by correlations between the measures of self management and self-esteem (Rosenberg\'s Self-Esteem Scale), and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - HADS). Reliability was assessed by internal consistency (Cronbach\'s alpha). Significance was set at 0.05. Results. Mean age of the participants was 54.1 years (SD=15.1, variation 21-87) and 51.6% were women. The mean length of formal education reported was 7.08 years (SD=4.80, variation 0-21). Participants presented varied chronic diseases and 80.3% had been diagnosed for more than two years. The mean self-management score of the PIH was 24.5 (SD=15.1). Floor effect was found in 75% of the items (items 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12). Internal consistency was ?= 0.78. The correlation between the measures of self-management and self-esteem presented a negative value and moderate intensity (r = - 0.344; p < 0.001). The correlation between the measures of self management and anxiety (r = 0.360; p<0.001) and depression symptoms (r = 0.363; p < 0.001) presented positive values and moderate intensity. The psychometric properties of the adapted version of the PIH were considered adequate. Conclusion. The Brazilian version of the PIH was considered adequate and its psychometric properties acceptable to measure the self management of the study participants. The adapted version of the PIH must be tested in other groups of individuals with chronic diseases, with different sociodemographic characteristics
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Economia solid?ria: um estudo de caso das caracter?sticas de um empreendimento autogestion?rio / Solidary economic: a case study about the characteristics of self-management organizationsSILVA, Geanderson L?cio de Souza 21 May 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-05-21 / In the economical worldwide actual context, marked by the advance of unemployment and social exclusion, the search for alternatives have become necessary and the solidary economic unfold as a possibility, even restricted, to stand up to unemployment and social exclusion, through the dissemination of values as the democracy, cooperation and solidary relations among workers, organized in co-operatives or self-management enterprises. The actual work favors the discussion about the characteristics of self-management organizations and the difference between the theory and the socials practices. This discussion is fundamental for the Solidary Economic therefore meaning of the notice of ideas and projects that provide solutions for reduction of unemployment problematic. By means of a case study, at a chemical enterprise of self-management, where eleven dimensions were studied: authority, norms, social control, social relations, recruitment and promotion, incentive structure, social stratification, differentiation, education, social performance and communication, the main objective is to collect information regarding the self-management social practices to the light of the theory and obtaining as result a new model characteristic for the self-management organizations. / No atual contexto econ?mico mundial, marcado pelo avan?o do desemprego e exclus?o social, a busca por alternativas tem se tornada necess?ria e a economia solid?ria desponta como uma possibilidade, mesmo que restrita, para o enfrentamento do desemprego e exclus?o social, atrav?s da dissemina??o de valores como a democracia, coopera??o e rela??es solid?rias entre trabalhadores, organizados em cooperativas ou empresas autogestion?rias. O presente trabalho privilegia a discuss?o sobre as caracter?sticas das organiza??es autogestion?rias e a diferen?a entre a teoria e as pr?ticas sociais. Essa discuss?o ? fundamental para a Economia Solid?ria, pois trata do apontamento de id?ias e projetos que proporcionam solu??es para a redu??o da problem?tica do desemprego. Por meio de um estudo de caso, em uma empresa qu?mica de autogest?o, onde onze dimens?es foram estudadas: autoridade, normas, controle social, rela??es sociais, recrutamento e promo??o, estrutura de incentivos, estratifica??o social, diferencia??o, educa??o, atua??o social e comunica??o, o objetivo principal de levantar informa??es a respeito das pr?ticas sociais autogestion?rias ? luz da teoria e obtendo como resultado um novo modelo caracter?stico para as organiza??es autogestion?rias.
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O movimento cooperativista de Bento Gonçalves - RS : trajetórias e perspectivas da produção habitacional autogestionáriaFriedrich, Clarissa do Nascimento January 2015 (has links)
Esta dissertação analisa um movimento de cooperativas habitacionais, iniciado na década de 1990, no município de Bento Gonçalves, região Nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Esse movimento não contou com o acesso aos atuais programas de financiamento voltados para a autogestão, forjando formas próprias de produção de moradias, dentre elas a formação de uma rede de cooperação. Traçar o histórico deste processo, bem como compreender as motivações que impulsionaram seus atores, as formas pelas quais foram articuladas e organizadas as cooperativas, os meios de obtenção de recursos financeiros para viabilizar as obras e a sua relação com as diferentes instâncias e agentes governamentais, são algumas das questões centrais que a pesquisa procurou responder. Contudo, implícita a estes tópicos e em cada indagação proposta encontra-se o questionamento sobre as possibilidades reais destas experiências em gerar novas formas de morar, contribuindo para a transformação do ideal de moradia para além da mercadoria. Assim, apesar do enfoque pontual, nossa problemática se pretende mais ampla, isto é, articulando-se ao arcabouço de experiências de produção habitacional que vem sendo colocadas em prática no contexto brasileiro alternativas ao modelo mercantil. / This dissertation analyzes a movement of housing cooperatives, which began in the 1990s in the city of Bento Gonçalves, northeastern Rio Grande do Sul region. This movement not had access to current financing programs for self-management, forging forms of production houses, among them the formation of a network of cooperation. Tracing the history of this process and understand the motivations that drove his actors, the ways in which cooperatives were articulated and organized, the means of obtaining financial resources to enable the work and its relationship with the various departments and government agencies, are some of the core issues that the research sought to answer. However, implicit in these topics and question each proposal lies the question about the real possibilities of these experiments to generate new forms of living, contributing to the transformation of the ideal dwelling beyond the merchandise. Thus, despite the timely focus, our problem is to be broader, that is, articulating the framework for housing production experience that has been put in place in the Brazilian context alternatives to the trading model.
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Patient activation in long-term conditions : a systematic review of the effectiveness of self-management interventions for improving patient activation using the short-form Patient Activation Measure and an empirical study of the variables associated with patient activation and self-management in multiple sclerosisAlexander, Laura January 2018 (has links)
Purpose: The systematic review explored whether self-management interventions improve patient activation in long-term conditions, and if any improvements are greater than the amount of change experienced by patients in usual care or active control conditions. It also aimed to determine if positive effects on activation are maintained at follow-up. The empirical study sought to explore relationships between patient activation, psychological factors (depression and valued living), perceived clinician empathy, perceived symptom severity, self-management and demographic variables. It also examined whether depression, valued living and perceived clinician empathy are unique predictors of activation, and if activation is a unique predictor of self-management for MS, when relevant confounding variables are controlled for. Methods: For the systematic review, a comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases was conducted to identify intervention research reporting on patient activation outcomes, as measured by the short-form Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13), in people with long-term conditions. For the empirical study, a cross-sectional survey of 118 people with MS explored patient activation, MS symptom severity, valued living, depression, perceived clinician empathy, self-management for MS and demographic factors. Correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were employed to explore relationships between variables. Results: Twenty-five studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review, reporting a wide range of long-term conditions. Twenty-one studies (10 RCTs; 1 non-randomised study; and 10 uncontrolled studies) found an improvement in patient activation at post-intervention. Nine studies reported a significantly greater improvement in activation in self-management conditions compared with usual care or an active control at post-intervention. In six out of eight studies, gains in patient activation were maintained in the intervention group at follow-up. However, in four of these six studies, patient activation in the control group also improved over time. Findings from the empirical study suggested that only valued living was a significant predictor of patient activation after controlling for demographic variables and MS symptom severity. Neither depression nor perceived clinician empathy significantly predicted activation. After controlling for valued living, depression and perceived clinician empathy, patient activation independently predicted 5.5% of variance in self-management for MS. Both activation and perceived clinician empathy were significant predictors of self-management for MS. Conclusions: Self-management interventions improve patient activation in long-term conditions compared with usual care or active control. Patient activation gains appear to be maintained longer-term; however, the impact of self-management interventions on activation is unclear due to increases in activation in control groups over time. Valued living is associated with patient activation in MS, while patient activation and perceived clinician empathy are associated with MS self-management. Self-management interventions targeting valued living and the patient-clinician relationship may be effective for addressing low levels of activation in some patients with MS.
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My diabetes my way : an electronic personal health record for NHS ScotlandCunningham, Scott January 2014 (has links)
Background: Diabetes prevalence in Scotland is increasing at ~4.6% annually; 247,278 (4.7%) in 2011. My Diabetes My Way (MDMW) is the NHS Scotland information portal, containing validated educational materials for people with diabetes and their carers. Internet-based interventions have potential to enhance self-management and shift power towards the patient, with electronic personal health records (PHRs) identified as an ideal method of delivery. In December 2010, a new service was launched in MDMW, allowing patients across Scotland access to their shared electronic record. The following thesis aims to identify and quantify the benefits of a diabetes-focused electronic personal health record within NHS Scotland. Methods: A diabetes-focused, population-based PHR was developed based on data sourced from primary, secondary and tertiary care via the national diabetes system, Scottish Care Information - Diabetes Collaboration (SCI-DC). The system includes key diagnostic information; demography; laboratory tests; lifestyle factors, foot and eye screening results; prescribed medication and clinical correspondence. Changes are tracked by patients over time using history graphs and tables, data items link to detailed descriptions explaining why they are collected, what they are used for and what normal values are, while tailored information links refer individuals to facts related to their condition. A series of quasi-experimental studies have been designed to assess the intervention using subjectivist, mixed-methods approaches incorporating multivariate analysis and grounded theory. These studies assess patient expectations and experiences of records access, system usage and uptake and provide preliminary analysis on the impact on clinical process outcomes. Survey questionnaires were used to capture qualitative data, while quantitative data were obtained from system audit trails and from the analysis of clinical process outcomes before and after the intervention. Results: By the end of the second year, 2601 individuals registered to access their data (61% male; 30.4% with type 1 diabetes); 1297 completed the enrolment process and 625 accessed the system (most logins=346; total logins=5158; average=8.3/patient; median=3). Audit trails show 59599 page views (95/patient), laboratory test results proving the most popular (11818 accesses;19/patient). The most utilised history graph was HbA1c (2866 accesses;4.6/patient). Users are younger, more recently diagnosed and have a heavy bias towards type 1 diabetes when compared to the background population. They are also likely to be a more highly motivated ‘early adopting’ cohort. Further analysis was performed to compare pre- and post-intervention clinical outcomes after the system had been active for nearly two and a half years. Results of statistical significance were not forthcoming due to limited data availability, however there are grounds for encouragement. Creatinine tests in particular improved following 1 year of use, with type 1 females in particular faring better than those in patient other groups. For other clinical tests such as HbA1c, triglycerides, weight and body mass index improvements were shown in mean and/or median values.96% of users believe the system is usable. Users also stated that it useful to monitor diabetes control (93%), improve knowledge (89%) and enhance motivation (89%). Findings show that newly diagnosed patients may be more likely to learn more about their new condition, leading to more productive consultations with the clinical team (98%). In the pre-project analysis, 26% of registrants expressed concerns about the security of personal information online, although those who actually went on to use it reported 100% satisfaction that their data were safe. Engagement remains high. In the final month of year two, 44.6% of users logged in to the system. 55.3% of users had logged in within the previous 3 months, 78.9% within the previous 6 months and 91.4% within the previous year. Some legacy PHRs have failed due to lack of uptake and deficiencies in usability, so as new systems progress, it is essential not to repeat the mistakes of the past. Feedback: "It is great to be able to view all of my results so that I can be more in charge of my diabetes".Conclusion: The MDMW PHR is now a useful additional component for the self-management of diabetes in Scotland. Although there are other patient access systems available internationally, this system is unique in offering access to an entire national population, providing access to information collected from all diabetes-related sources. Despite its development for the NHS Scotland environment, it has the potential to connect to any electronic medical record. This local and domain-specific knowledge has much wider applicability as outlined in the recommendations detailed, particularly around health service and voluntary sector ownership, patient involvement, administrative processes, research activities and communication. The current project will reach 5000 patients by the end of 2013.
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Potencialidades e limites da autogestão ao nível da organização do trabalho e suas repercussões à saúde dos trabalhadores : estudo etnográfico da Coopermape - Cooperativa de Reciclagem de Matéria-Prima de Embu / Possibilities and limits of self-management on work organization and its effects to workers\' health : ethnographic study of Coopermape - Cooperativa de Reciclagem de Matéria-Prima de Embu.Sícoli, Juliana Lordello 10 April 2007 (has links)
O estudo parte do reconhecimento da crescente disputa por materiais recicláveis no atual estágio de alargamento das formas desregulamentadas, degradadas e precarizadas de trabalho, condicionadas pelo imperativo da sobrevivência. Situa o trabalho intensivo da pré-reciclagem no circuito inferior da economia urbana e discute o incalculável custo humano deste trabalho que alimenta as indústrias recicladoras e traz enaltecidos benefícios ambientais à coletividade. Partindo do entrecruzamento da Economia Solidária e do campo de Saúde do Trabalhador, procurou-se identificar as potencialidades e limites da organização do trabalho cotidiano pelos trabalhadores da Cooperativa de Reciclagem de Matéria-Prima de Embu (Coopermape) e suas repercussões à saúde dos trabalhadores. O trabalho de campo permitiu reconhecer a complexidade do contínuo replanejamento do trabalho cotidiano e as dificuldades de construção da autogestão para compatibilizar a logística e o faturamento capazes de assegurar as expectativas de retirada mensal dos cooperados e, ao mesmo tempo, construir um processo horizontal de tomada de decisão que considere também a atenção às condições de trabalho e saúde. Na Coopermape, esse desafio é potencializado ainda por limitações impostas pelas constantes oscilações e condicionalidades do mercado da reciclagem e pelas pressões sofridas pela prefeitura de Embu. Num ambiente em que estão em jogo pesadas forças e interesses divergentes aos da cooperativa, o aprendizado do grupo se faz \"a duras penas\". Apesar da configuração exógena do processo de trabalho, a experiência de campo mostrou que existe uma margem residual, mas importante, de decisão dos cooperados sobre o processo cotidiano de trabalho. As experiências de reconfiguração de algumas etapas de trabalho e atitudes preventivas identificadas indicam que em algumas situações os cooperados conseguem compatibilizar a agilidade do processo e a minimização da sobrecarga e desgaste os trabalhadores. Ainda que a maioria destas pequenas mudanças não tenha sido promovida com a intencionalidade deliberada e explícita de poupar a saúde dos trabalhadores, elas permitem alimentar esperanças de reorganização do trabalho a favor dos trabalhadores. / The study begins by recognizing the increasing struggle for recycling material at the actual period of extension of unregulated, decreased and precarious work occupations, determinated by mandatory survival. Associates the intensive work made before the recycling process to low urban economy circuit and discusses the incommensurable human price of the this work that feeds recycling industry and brings exalt environment profities to society. Leaving from the crossing of Solidarity Economy and Workers\' Health field, the objective was to identify the possibilities and limits of work organization conducted by Cooperativa de Reciclagem de Matéria-Prima de Embu (Coopermape)\' workers and its effects to workers\' health. The empiric work allowed recognizing the complexity of day-by-day continuous replanning of work and the difficulties to build workers\' self-management. These difficulties are connected to the need to consider both the logistics and invoicing able to assure the workers expected rewarding and the construction of an even decision making process that also considers the regard to work and health condition. At Coopermape, this challenge is even bigger because of the limits imposed by the constant variation and conditionality of recycling trade and by Embu\'s city hall pressure. On a surrounding involving heavy power and disagreeing interests in relation to the ones of the cooperative, the learning takes a high cost. Although the exogenous conformation of work process, the empiric experience showed that there is a remaining, but important, border of decision of the day-by-day work process by the workers. The experiences of changing conformation at some work stages and provident attitudes demonstrates that in some situations the cooperative\' workers can consider the process agility and the reducing of workload and workers consuming. Though the majority of these little changes were not encouraged with the premeditated and explicit intention of guarding workers\' health, they allow feeding hopes of work rearrangement in favor of workers.
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Effects of a Tier 3 Self-Management Intervention with Parent Involvement on Academic Engagement and Disruptive BehaviorLower, Ashley Nicole 01 September 2016 (has links)
This manuscript includes two studies. The research design for study 1 was a single-subject reversal design, while study 2 was a case study with 5 experimental conditions. These studies investigated the effects of a Tier 3 peer-matching self-management intervention on two elementary school students who had previously been less responsive to Tier 1 and Tier 2 interventions. The Tier 3 self-management intervention, which was implemented in the classroom, included daily electronic communication between teachers and the two students' parents. Results indicated that this intervention effectively reduced disruptive behaviors and increased total engagement when implemented with integrity; without integrity, results were variable.
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Help for Osteoarthritis Pain in African American Elders (HOPE): patterns, predictors, and preferences of osteoarthritis and chronic joint pain self-managementBooker, Staja Quinae 01 August 2017 (has links)
Introduction: Chronic joint (CJ) pain is the foremost osteoarthritis (OA) symptom that affects older African Americans’ (AAs) functional ability. Every effort should be made to reduce the development of high-impact chronic pain. One way to effectively do this is for older AAs to consistently engage in self-management utilizing the recommended OA treatments. Recommended behaviors include land-based exercise, water-based exercise, strength (muscle and endurance) training and stretching, self-management education, analgesic medications, thermal (warm/cool) modalities, and use of assistive and/or orthotic devices. However, evidence suggests these core behaviors of chronic pain self-management are not optimally utilized in older AAs.
Methods: A convergent, parallel mixed-methods study explored patterns, preferences, and predictors of stage of engagement (pre-contemplation, preparation, or action) in recommended OA and CJ self-management behaviors. One hundred ten AAs aged 50 and older from communities in north Louisiana completed quantitative surveys, and a subset of 18 participated in audio-recorded qualitative interviews. Using SPSS, multinomial and binomial regression were used to build predictive models to determine which contextual and cognitive factors predict stage of engagement in each recommended and complementary OA self-management behaviors. A qualitative descriptive approach underscored a conventional content analysis of qualitative data.
Results: Older AAs were “dealin’ with it [pain]” in a variety of ways, and their experience of having OA and CJ pain was based on their ability and willingness to bear the pain, understand the nature of OA pain, and experience life with daily pain. These dimensions of dealin’ with pain acted as a catalyst for engagement in complementary and recommended behaviors. In addition, participants’ and providers’ cultural receptivity may limit or enable engagement in certain recommended evidence-based OA behaviors. Specifically, each recommended OA self-management behavior was associated with different predictors of engagement. Confidence to manage pain was a predictor for land-based exercise, while there were no factors associated with water-based exercise. The most reasonable explanation for this finding of lack of participation in water-based exercise is likely due to inability to swim and lack of access to a personal or community pool. Engagement in strength training was significantly associated with confidence, knowledge of strength training recommendation, motivation, pain interference, and spirituality. For self-management education, only knowledge of self-management education recommendation was a predictor. Most AA older adults were unaware that this was recommended or didn’t have access to a self-management program; subsequently the majority had never participated in such but were in the preparation stage. Predictors for medication use included confidence, knowledge, and pain interference. Almost all AAs were using either over-the-counter or prescribed medications. Use of thermal modalities was predicted by pain interference. Lastly, using assistive and/or orthotic devices was significantly associated with employment status, OA pain severity, pain interference, and perceived social support. Assistive and/or orthotic device use was evenly split between users and non-users. Pain interference emerged as the most salient factor predicting stage of engagement in any of the recommended behaviors. Depending on the specific behaviors, pain interference prevented or motivated engagement.
Conclusion: OA and CJ pain is a significant symptom in older AAs. This study’s mixed method approach uncovered what older AAs do to manage pain. More specifically, these results illuminate the daily patterns and preferences for self-management. We identified specific barriers and motivators that influence engagement in OA self-management behaviors, and determined the most relevant predictors for each stage of engagement. In addition, we were able to develop a model of OA and CJ pain self-management based on the predictors.
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