O tema central deste trabalho tem como o escopo a identificação das centralidades formadas em conseqüência da mobilidade e acessibilidade determinadas pelo sistema de transporte urbano de massa para os moradores de baixa renda do Distrito de Pedreira no município de São Paulo. A autonomia de cada município na gerência do seu próprio sistema de transporte coletivo urbano condiciona muitos moradores, para as compras, a se dirigirem a locais mais distantes de suas residências, por exemplo, o Largo 13 de Maio em Santo Amaro, apesar da disponibilidade de um comércio bem estruturado nas proximidades, no município vizinho de Diadema. Para alguns moradores, a distância para Santo Amaro é de 18 km enquanto Diadema se localiza a menos de 2 km. A escolha do centro habitual para as compras, em algumas situações, pode ser irracional em termos de distância e tempo. Alguns modelos racionais de localização do comércio, como o de Christaller, não se verificam no Distrito de Pedreira em conseqüência das características do sistema de transporte de massa. A estrutura da rede social dos moradores do Distrito de Pedreira possibilitou a determinação dos níveis hierárquicos de cada um dos centros de comércio objetos deste estudo. Com base em uma amostra de 135 moradores as medidas de centralidade grau, posicionamento e proximidade forneceram os parâmetros necessários para a identificação dos centros de níveis hierárquicos mais elevados os quais foram o Largo 13 de Maio, Shopping Center Interlagos e Diadema. Os resultados de equivalência estrutural possibilitaram a identificação das principais áreas de influência e a maioria delas se localiza fora dos limites geográficos do Distrito. Os produtos de baixa freqüência de demanda são os determinantes para o estabelecimento dos níveis hierárquicos mais elevados. Existe uma forte relação entre os padrões de distribuição do comércio e os níveis hierárquicos dos centros. A análise espacial, realizada com a ajuda dos recursos do sistema de informações geográficas, foi utilizada para o estudo desses padrões. Após o georeferenciamento dos pontos de comércio objetos deste trabalho, os resultados das estatísticas globais Morans I e Getis Ord G indicaram a existência de formação de grupos ou clusters, bem como, da dependência espacial em relação ao padrão de distribuição do comércio. O uso das estatísticas locais Morans I e Getis Ord Gi* permitiram a identificação dos principais centros que mais contribuem para a caracterização dos padrões de agrupamento do comércio e também indicaram as grandes semelhanças existentes entre todos os centros secundários analisados. Dentro do perímetro de um raio de 3 km a partir do centro médio dos moradores, notamos que existe somente o comércio de vizinhança, que atende apenas as compras de freqüência baixa ou diária, obrigando os moradores a deslocarem alguma distância significativa, para efetuarem as compras de produtos de demanda de baixa freqüência, como exemplo, no Largo 13 de Maio. / The main purpose of this study is the analysis of centralities regarding the mobility and the accessibility as a consequence of urban transport system in Pedreiras district, São Paulo, therefore the focus of attention is on peripheral poor residents. Each city is autonomous, to manage its urban transport system, then bus users residents go shopping in far trade center area, as Largo 13 de Maio in Santo Amaros district, instead of purchasing in a well structured commercial center in the neighborhood as Diademas city. The distance from Pedreira to Santo Amaro is 18 km, for many residents, on the contrary the distance to Diadema is up to 2 km. Sometimes the normal trade centers used by the consumers are irrational in terms of time and distance. Some rational trade center localization model, as Christallers central place theory, does not work in Pedreiras district because of this distinct urban transport system between São Paulo and Diadema. Pedreiras district social network, built with a sample of 135 residents, has been used to obtain the hierarchical level of each target trade areas. The centrality positions as degree, betweeness and proximity permitted the identification of hierarchical levels, the most important are Largo 13 de Maio, Shopping Center Interlagos and Diadema. The areas of influence have been defined by social network equivalence´s results and the localization of most of them is outside Pedreiras district boundaries. The low frequency demand goods are fundamental to determine the higher hierarchical levels. Strong relationship between the trade area cluster patterns and their correspondence hierarchical levels has been obtained. The spatial analysis has been developed using geographical information system techniques. After geocoding the target trade points, general Morans I and Getis Ord G indexes indicate the commercial activities cluster patterns spatial dependence evidence. Local Morans I and Getis Ord Gi* statistics have shown the most important trade areas, that are more significant to explain their cluster patterns, it also indicated that all of the secondary trade areas are similar. In a 3 km perimeter from the residents mean center point, the business structure attends mainly high or daily demand frequency. Therefore residents travel significant distance, as to Largo 13 de Maio, to purchase their durable goods.

Os shopping centers são empreendimentos comerciais e de prestação de serviços de iniciativa privada, com administração centrada exclusivamente no empreendedor, geralmente com incentivos públicos, que apresentam forte caráter imobiliário, sobretudo pela capacidade de valorização das áreas urbanas onde foram inseridos. No contexto de Palmas - TO, enfatiza-se que a implantação do Capim Dourado Shopping, ocorrida em agosto de 2010, possui especificidades iniciadas antes do seu lançamento em 2007, especialmente com a modificação da legislação urbanística em prol da sua implantação, evidenciando a atuação de alguns agentes modeladores do espaço urbano. A localização do empreendimento também possui algumas incongruências que vão desde a escolha do terreno às mudanças que ocorreram no seu entorno imediato e nas áreas adjacentes. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral compreender o papel do Capim Dourado Shopping no processo de valorização do seu entorno imediato e das suas áreas adjacentes na cidade de Palmas - TO. Para isto, foram utilizados dados sobre a atividade comercial e de serviços propostos no projeto urbanístico dessa cidade, especialmente no que tange ao porte e à localização dessas atividades; além de levantamento da legislação urbanística que favoreceu a implantação de equipamentos comerciais de grande porte, mormente, a partir de 2007, em especial do Capim Dourado Shopping. As informações foram adquiridas por meio de pesquisa documental e de campo. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que o referido shopping center faz parte de um conjunto de ações de parceria público-privada que tem como o intuito promover o dinamismo da área central de Palmas, por meio da implantação de empreendimentos de médio e grande porte que, consequentemente, geram valorização imobiliária. Os poderes públicos local e estadual tiveram participação fundamental na materialização desse empreendimento, por meio da legislação urbanística que criou as ferramentas legais para a construção do Capim Dourado Shopping, além de garantir a implantação da infraestrutura necessária para a área onde o citado shopping center foi instalado. Ademais, o empreendimento colaborou para a implantação de condomínios horizontais fechados, para a verticalização de seu entorno e áreas adjacentes, além de influenciar diretamente no aumento do valor do metro quadrado dessas referidas áreas. Assim, o empreendimento atuou na reorganização do espaço no seu entorno imediato e também nas suas áreas adjacentes, sendo capaz de reestruturar uma parcela do espaço urbano de Palmas. / Shopping centers are private enterprise and business ventures, with management focused exclusively on the entrepreneur, generally with public incentives, which present a strong real estate character, above all due to the capacity of valorization of the urban areas where they were inserted. In the context of Palmas- TO, it is emphasized that the implementation of Capim Dourado Shopping, occurred in August 2010, has specific characteristics that began before its blast-off in 2007, especially with the modification of the urban legislation in favor of its implementation, evidencing the performance of some modeling agents of the urban space. The location of the enterprise also has some incongruities ranging from the choice of land to the changes that occurred in its immediate surroundings and adjacent areas. In this sense, the present dissertation aims to understand the role of Capim Dourado Shopping in the process of valorization its immediate surroundings and its adjacent areas in the city of Palmas-TO. For this, were used information about the commercial activity and services proposed in the urban project of this city, especially as regards the size and location of these activities; In addition to a survey of the urban legislation that favored the implantation of commercial equipment of great size, mainly, from 2007, in particular Capim Dourado Shopping. The information was acquired through documentary and field research. The results of the research indicate that the referred shopping center is part of a set of public-private partnership actions whose purpose is to promote the dynamism of the central area of Palmas by means of the implementation of medium and large-scale projects that, consequently, generate real estate appreciation. The local and state public authorities played a fundamental role in the materialization of this project, through the urban legislation that created the legal tools for the construction of Capim Dourado Shopping, and ensured the implementation of the necessary infrastructure for the area where the afore mentioned shopping center was installed. In addition, the enterprise collaborated to the implementation of closed horizontal condominiums, for the verticalization of its surroundings and adjacent areas, besides directly influencing the increase of the square meter value of these areas. Thus, the enterprise acted in the reorganization of the space in its immediate surroundings and also in its adjacent areas, being able to restructure a portion of the urban space of Palmas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina Del Picchia de Araujo Nogueira.pdf: 1285752 bytes, checksum: 7d0a33b597b452ba0aa9004447a0ca0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-24 / The present work has as its central theme the lease contract in mall. It aims to define the main aspects related to its contract to remove the doubts raised about its legal structure. It has been applied the deductive method, starting with the general knowledge of mall and lease of things to get one particular about the lease in mall, leading to the conclusion about the legal nature and discipline of the theme herein discussed. This research used, likewise, the method of research bibliographic and argumentative dissertation, based on the works displayed at its end, mainly of the jurists CaioMário da Silva Pereira, Maria Elisa GualandiVerri, Rodrigo Barcellos, LadislauKarpat and SylvioCapanema de Souza. Its analysis has been divided into five chapters. In the first, it exposes an historic overview of mall, with the elucidation of its structure, containing its characteristics. The second traces the historical background of lease, as well as its legislative development in Brazil, and brings the elements and major features of the lease contract. The third chapter describes the legal discipline of the lease contract in malls; the discussion of the legal nature of this contract, in order to place it in lease contracts and describes also the peculiar characteristics of this venture. It also attempts to dodge the Law of Tenancy, of the draft laws aimed to discipline the subject in a specific way and how the subject is treated in foreign law. The fourth chapter deals with rents and other tasks of the tenant. The fifth and final chapter discusses the issue of conflicts arising from this contract, of the civil responsibility under this venture and its relation(or not) with the Consumer Protection Code. To finish it, it came to a conclusion and demonstrated the bibliographic source used / O presente trabalho possui como tema central o contrato de locação em shopping center; almeja definir os principais aspectos referentes ao seu contrato, de modo a sanar as dúvidas suscitadas quanto ao seu enquadramento jurídico. Para tanto, aplicou-se o método dedutivo, partindo do conhecimento geral de shopping centere de locação de coisas para obter um específico acerca do contrato de locação em shopping center, levando à conclusão sobre a natureza jurídica e sobre a disciplina legal do tema ora abordado. Foi utilizado, outrossim, o método de pesquisa bibliográfico dissertativo-argumentativo, com fundamento nas obras indicadas ao seu final, principalmente nas dos juristas Caio Mário da Silva Pereira, Maria Elisa Gualandi Verri, Rodrigo Barcellos, Ladislau Karpat e Sylvio Capanema de Souza. Dividiu-se a sua análise em cinco capítulos. No primeiro, expõe-se uma abordagem histórica de shopping center, com a elucidação de sua estrutura e de suas características. O segundo traça o panorama histórico de locação, bem como a sua evolução legislativa no Brasil, seus elementos e características mais importantes. O terceiro capítulo descreve a disciplina legal de contrato de shopping center; a discussão acerca da sua natureza jurídica, a fim de situá-lo entre os contratos locatícios e também as características peculiares desse empreendimento; trata ainda das tentativas de esquiva da Lei do Inquilinato, dos projetos de lei tendentes a disciplinar a matéria de forma específica e como é tratado o tema no direito estrangeiro. O quarto capítulo aborda os aluguéis e demais incumbências do lojista. O quinto e último capítulo discorre sobre a questão dos conflitos decorrentes desse contrato, sobre a responsabilidade civil no âmbito desse empreendimentoe a sua relação (ou ausência de) com o Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Para finalizá-lo, chegou-se a uma conclusão e demonstrou-se a fonte bibliográfica utilizada

在政府政策之引導下，使得商業不動產與零售業結合之購物中心開發案，在幾年之內開發數十座大型購物中心，台灣地區是目前全世界大型購物中心發展最快速的地區，這個經驗是全世界過去所沒有的。本研究為探索性、計質法之研究，研究之目的在回答：一、開發商對大型購物中心區位選擇對定位之影響為何？ 二、大型購物中心之發展過程對其定位之決策有何影響？ 三、開發商對大型購物中心購物與娛樂兩種主要功能之定位決策考慮為何？ 希望藉由本研究，能對大型購物中心之開發業者在進行定位時，提供一些較深入的建議與參考。 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 3 第二節 研究目的 5 第三節 研究範圍 5 第四節 章節結構 6 第二章 文獻探討 7 第一節 大型購物中心定位之定義 7 一、大型購物中心之定義 7 二、購物中心之定位 9 第二節 實證研究文獻探討 12 一、以消費者重視程度區分 12 二、以適合台灣本土之特性區分 14 三、以世界之發展趨勢區分 16 四、以吸引客戶之原因區分 17 第三節 台灣購物中心產業發展之特性 18 第四節 台灣地區大型購物中心的開發 20 第五節 專家意見 24 第六節 文獻探討結論 29 第三章 研究方法 30 第一節 研究方法與程序 30 第二節 研究變數與衡量方式 31 第三節 研究對象 33 第四節 深度訪談之問題設定 34 第五節 分析架構 35 第四章 個案探討 36 第一節 京華城（Core Pacific City） 36 第二節 台茂購物中心（TAIMALL) 40 第三節 月眉育樂世界（Discovery World） 45 第四節 天保山購物中心 50 第五章 命題發展 55 第一節 個案分析 55 第二節 命題發展 60 一、 區位選擇對購物中心之定位之影響 60 二、 發展過程對購物中心之定位之影響 63 三、 開發團隊對購物中心定位之影響 66 第六章 結論與建議 68 第一節 研究結論 68 第二節 研究限制 71 第三節 研究建議 72 一、 對開發商的建議 72 二、 對後續研究者的建議 74 參考文獻 75 中文部份： 75 英文部份： 76 附件一 京華城購物中心—參考資料 77 附件二 台茂開發案—參考資料 79 附件三 月眉育樂世界—參考資料 81 附件四 日本天保山購物中心—參考資料 83 / Due to government’s policy, the projects that combine the commercial real estate and retail functions are developed rapidly within these couple years. Taiwan is the most rapid area for the shopping center development, this kind of experience cannot find in the world. This is an exploratory and qualitative research. The purposes are to answer: 1.What are the influences of location to positioning of the shopping center developers? 2.What are the influences of positioning decision due to development process? 3. What are the consideration of the merchandise and entertainment functions to the shopping center developers? This research can provides some advance advices and suggestions to the shopping center developers.

Streets, the usual public spaces of cities, lose their popularities and users every passing day. The reason of this decline is the erroneous transport policies implemented in cities that increase the entrance of automobile into city centers and facilitate faster movement of automobiles at the expense of pedestrians. While pedestrians are marginalized in city centers, automobiles become the primary users of streets. The traffic, noise and air pollution that automobiles cause contribute to the decline of town centers and shopping streets lose their function as meeting places and public spaces. In addition, automobile oriented policies create car-dependent urban forms and cause sprawl towards the peripheries. Because of the newly developing dwelling areas on the peripheries and the increasingly inaccessible city centers, number of out-of-town shopping centers increase day by day to meet the daily needs. While shopping centers develop, there is now a new tendency to design them with streets, squares and bazaars, with a view to resemble and simulate street life in these shopping centers. This situation shows us that, users, who are the reason of existence of social spaces, actually need the atmosphere of streets. In this study, while analyzing all these trends and factors, Tunali Hilmi Street, which is a once pedestrian-friendly street in Ankara, will be analyzed. The study has two main research tasks. First, it analyses Tunali Hilmi Street&rsquo / s potentials as a public space and street, through the development of a framework that incorporates the essential urban design theorems with a special focus on street design. Secondly, it carries out a questionnaire on shopping center users in Ankara, in order to assess their choices, preferences, and perceptions regarding shopping centers and Tunali Hilmi Street. Based on the findings of these two analyses, this thesis aims to propose planning and design strategies to improve Tunali Hilmi Street as a public space and to attract more users to it.

Today, it is observed that shopping centers that are increasingly growing in number, especially in metropolitan cities, are used as public spaces by many urban inhabitants. Shopping centers have become places where social life is experienced and leisure time is spent through a wide range of activities offered besides shopping. On the other side, city centers that can be regarded as the most essential public spaces of urban areas are in a process of deterioration both in terms of physical quality and functional features. These two developments are essential indicators of a change and transformation concerning the public space&rsquo / s role and its features like openness to everyone&rsquo / s use, high accessibility and social integration. Within this context, in this study, finding the direction of this transformation and the extent that shopping centers possess the characteristics of public space are aimed. In this respect, after a literature review about public space, city center and shopping center within the context of the aim, the development of city centers and public spaces of Ankara is examined. After the development of shopping centers that flourished within the last ten-fifteen years in Ankara and their socio-spatial effects upon the city are discussed, hypothesis is tested through the findings of the questionnaire survey made in Migros Akk&ouml / pr&uuml / Shopping Center. Lastly, findings and conclusions are summarized and interpretations for future and policy proposals are made concerning the changing functions and uses of public spaces and shopping centers.

Esta dissertação parte das tensões envolvidas no processo de remoção do mercado de rua do centro de Porto Alegre/RS e sua realocação para um shopping popular. O “camelódromo”, como ficou conhecido o edifício que abriga mais de 800 lojas – de aproximadamente 4m² –, foi realizado em tempo recorde graças a uma Parceria Público Privada (PPP), a primeira do gênero em Porto Alegre e uma das pioneiras no Brasil. A dissertação privilegia a abordagem etnográfica, baseada numa inserção de campo de mais de três anos, o que permitiu captar o processo em perspectiva diacrônica. A observação participante – acrescida de outras técnicas, como entrevistas em profundidade e surveys – teve como ponto de partida um dos principais grupos de camelôs envolvidos na transição. Este grupo, inicialmente otimista em relação à transição, foi preterido na disputa pelos melhores espaços no camelódromo e reagiu com uma série de mobilizações. Foram acionadas diversas instituições políticas, tais como a Câmara Municipal, o Ministério Público, a Prefeitura, e o Orçamento Participativo, entre outras. Esta estratégia mostrou-se ineficiente e culminou com o despejo de vários lojistas inadimplentes – entre eles o principal líder do grupo –, e a dissipação da mobilização coletiva. No entanto, as tensões não cessaram, pois a transição das ruas para o camelódromo foi acompanhada de perto pela empresa, que exigiu uma mudança na sensibilidade comercial, a partir de uma política de pedagogização visando forjar um novo perfil de comerciante, indispensável ao sucesso econômico do empreendimento. Novas modalidades de conflitos emergiram dessa estratégia, pois nem todos os camelôs se reconverteram no protótipo de lojista idealizado pela PPP. As tensões em torno desse processo criaram um cenário propício para uma investigação que se preocupa em reconstituir etnograficamente os nexos entre a economia e a política, o objetivo e o subjetivo, o micro e o macro, a cidade e os cidadãos, a diversidade de agentes e de agências que caracterizam uma dada configuração social e cultural. / This dissertation starts with the tensions involved in the removal of the street market in downtown Porto Alegre/RS and its relocation to a popular mall. The “camelódromo”, as the building – which houses more than 800 stands of roughly four square meters – became known, was accomplished in record time thanks to a Public-Private Partnership (PPP), the first of its kind in Porto Alegre and one of the first in Brazil. The dissertation relies on the ethnographic approach, based on a field insertion of more than three years, which allowed capturing the process in a diachronic perspective. The participant observation – plus other techniques such as interviews and surveys – had as its starting point a major group of vendors involved in the transition. This group, initially optimistic about the transition, was passed over in the race for the best spaces in the camelódromo, and reacted with a series of mobilizations. Several political institutions were called upon, such as the City Council, the Prosecutor, the City Hall, and the Participatory Budget, among others. This strategy proved itself ineffective, and resulted in the eviction of several defaulting tenants – including the main leader of the group – and the dissipation of the collective mobilization. However, the tensions didn’t cease, as the transition from the streets to the camelódromo was closely monitored by the company, which required a change in the commercial sensitivity, based on a pedagogization policy aimed to forge a new trader profile, essential to the economic success of the enterprise. New modalities of conflict arose from this strategy, because not all vendors reconverted themselves into the prototype designed by the PPP. The tensions around this process created a favorable environment for a research that tries to retrace ethnographically the connections between economics and politics, the objective and the subjective, the micro and the macro, the city and the citizens, the diversity of agents and agencies that characterize a given social and cultural setting.

Submitted by Daniele Santos (danielesantos.htl@gmail.com) on 2017-02-20T20:03:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andres Gil.pdf: 1088672 bytes, checksum: e1c18c946199ebbdcbfcc72048302a0d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2017-02-22T12:18:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Andres Gil.pdf: 1088672 bytes, checksum: e1c18c946199ebbdcbfcc72048302a0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-02T18:14:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andres Gil.pdf: 1088672 bytes, checksum: e1c18c946199ebbdcbfcc72048302a0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-09 / This work explores the likely facts and characteristics that made Colombia a country, unlike the rest of the world´s main markets, in which horizontal property is still the main model by which shopping centers are developed. Starting by pointing out the implications of this model, this work uses theory and empirical research available that, in contrast, support the idea that single property model, in the other hand, leads towards a developer-retailer arrangement that aligns their interests, maximizing rents and sales in the process. This work compares the horizontal property model with single property, under the light of available single property´s theory, in order to determine whether their results could be similar or comparable. Three concepts support the previous statement: i). Complementary and comparison shopping that leads to agglomeration and clustering retail; ii) Inter-store externalities allow shopping center´s developer to manage the tenant mix in order to maximize rents and sales; iii) Inter-store externalities are possible thanks to the relative draw power generated by retailers. Using exploratory research, this work analyses the main factors that restrained Colombia to develop single property shopping centers after 40 years of industry history. This paper relies on in-depth interviews from industry experts to gather those factors that prevents Colombian industry to consolidate the single property model. International Isolation, which prevents Colombia to be foreign direct investment recipient until mid 2000´s|, house-building rationality exported to shopping center development and retailers investing in real estate, are the main factors.

As questões do ambiente e da natureza como um todo, tais como, preservação, conservação de ecossistemas, florestas, rios, descartes de dejetos líquidos, gasosos e sólidos, a colocação de elementos poluentes no solo, ar e água, são temas de extrema e extensa divulgação e discussão na mídia, na academia e na sociedade como um todo. A preocupação da sociedade, sensibilizada e temerosa por esta questão, uma vez que ela própria tornar-se vítima do processo de degradação do ambiente, é cada vez mais latente. Pessoas e empresas, aos poucos, tornam-se mais conscientes de suas necessidades e exigências de participação no processo de degradação e preservação do meio em que vivemos o que faz com que todos observem com profunda atenção, suas atitudes. As empresas, pressionadas pela mídia e pela sociedade e por uma legislação cada vez mais restritiva, veem-se obrigadas a agir cada vez mais de forma precavida, coerente e preocupada em relação ao ambiente. Assim, elas adotam estratégias empresarias frente às questões ambientais sem que, por outro lado, desconsiderem a sua lucratividade e seus ganhos, essenciais numa lógica empresarial, inserida no contexto do modelo econômico capitalista. Essa pesquisa, visa entender, quais passos e normativas legais as empresas de Shopping Center estabelecidas na cidade de Porto Alegre, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, mais precisamente o caso do Bourbon Shopping Wallig, necessitou seguir, para a implementação de seu empreendimento. Quais as medidas de mitigação e compensação aos impactos ambientais foram tomadas e baseadas em que normativas ou estudos. A pesquisa visa confirmar, também, se estas medidas tomadas, derivadas de sua implantação no local, desde sua construção - que alterou completamente a paisagem do local - até seus próprios elementos e suas técnicas de construção, seguiram as normas e exigências legais dos instrumentos utilizados para regrar esta obra. Além disso, se avalia quais foram efetivamente seus resultados na prática, analisando no empreendimento após sua conclusão, qual sua eficácia, seus resultados concretos e quais as manifestações que se obtém do mercado, na mídia e da sociedade em geral, frente a esta preocupação e às atitudes consideradas pró-ambientais. / The issues of the environment and nature as a whole, such as preservation, ecosystems conservation, forests , rivers, liquids, gases and solid waste discharges and the placement of polluting elements in the land, air and water are issues of extreme and extensive dissemination and discussion through out the media, at the academy and society as a whole. Because of the population concern about this issue, they are becoming sensitized and fearful about it. They eventually will become victimized by the environmental degradation that has had a latent increase as time goes by. People and companies gradually have become more aware of their participation in the process of environment degradation in which they are living. This is making everyone aware of their attitude towards the environment. Companies have been increasingly pressured by the media and society and more restrictive laws are finding themselves obligated to act very cautious, concerned and consistent about the environment. They are applying business strategies in order to comply with environmental issues without disregarding their profitability and earnings which are essential in the logistic of the capitalist business model. This research aims to understand which steps and legal ways the mall companies and stores established in the town of Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul State, more precisely at the Bourbon Shopping Wallig were needed and followed by this enterprise implementation project. It also aims to understand the mitigation and compensation towards the environmental impact that they have caused, all based upon professional studies. Due to the complete landscape changed during the mall construction, this research also wants to prove if the construction techniques had followed all legal regulations and rules that are required by law. Furthermore , one should consider if the practical results of this enterprise had been achieved after completion. We should also evaluate the efficacy, the real results, media, market manifestations, opinions and in a grand spectrum if the environmental worries had been respected and fulfilled.

The topic of thesis is "The attitudes and buying behavior of customers of a shopping center." The aim of this work was to evaluate the attitudes and buying behavior of customers, specifically in the Business Centre Čtyři Dvory in České Budějovice, which conducted a questionnaire survey. At the same time also set targets for evaluation in this shopping center, depending on gender and determine whether they are in the center of satisfied customers buying From the perspective of a range of products and services offered. Currently, traders and developers play an increasingly difficult market rival battle for customers, so it is important to offer customers in the centers of the various alternatives both here to spend their leisure time to the management of these centers attract more visitors. It is therefore necessary to know what the customer when buying most affects what range of services or favors, as they are exposed interior of the shopping centers and the like. These factors may play a key role in ensuring the popularity centers and higher customer satisfaction.