Stereotypic behaviors in all animals are more often than not associated with poor welfare. Limited access to perform species specific behaviors is often a reason for the development of stereotypies. Elephants with their great intelligence and need of social contact, coupled with a destructive a behavior are especially difficult to house in captivity. To decrease the occurrence of stereotypic behaviors in elephants, environmental enrichment in form of food enrichment is a good option, since elephants have a great need of foraging. The aim of this study was to investigate if an extra supply of food enrichment could decrease the presence of stereotypic behaviors at night in three Asian elephants at Kolmården zoo. Already existing hay nets attached to wires in the roof were used and connected to a timer. The hay nets were lowered to vision trunk reach between 6:00 am and 6:30 am during five days and the frequencies of selected behaviors were compared with the frequencies of the same behaviors during five preceding baseline nights. The animals were filmed using mounted cameras with IR lights. There was a significant decrease of stereotypic behavior for one of the elephants, but all three showed an increase in foraging whereof the increases were significant for two of them. One of the elephants showed no stereotypic behaviors at all during the study. To keep in mind is that the elephants have different backgrounds and experiences which might have influenced the results.

At certain stages of a bumblebee colony life cycle workers lay eggs. Not all workers reproduce, however, since many continue to forage and care for the nest. This leads to questions regarding what differentiates a reproductive worker from a non-reproductive one. It is hypothesized that a form of reproductive competition takes place, where the most behaviourally dominant worker becomes reproductively dominant. The behaviour of orphaned Bombus impatiens pairs was recorded and aggression, social interactions, egg-laying, and ovarian development were identified. Experiment 1 examined the association between aggression and egg-laying. Contrary to the hypothesis, the most aggressive worker did not lay more eggs. When the ovarian development of workers was manipulated and two workers with developed ovaries were paired (Experiment 3), they were more aggressive than pairs with discouraged ovarian development. This provides support for the supposition that aggression and reproduction are related, however, it is only partial support as worker pairs with encouraged ovarian development did not lay more eggs. Since aggression is believed to be only one part of behavioural dominance, Experiment 2 studied the association between social interactions and aggression and reproduction. Results showed that when two socially active bees were paired they were more aggressive than pairs including one or two socially inactive bumblebees. No significant difference in ovarian development between socially active pairs and socially inactive pairs was found. Brood presence was also predicted to affect reproductive control. Experiment 1 found egg-laying and aggression were more likely to co-occur in the absence of brood. Results from Experiment 2 supplemented the first experiment since the absence of brood increased rates of aggression and ovarian development in pairs. Whereas the results confirm aggression has a role in worker reproduction the findings also reveal that behavioural dominance does not equate to reproductive dominance under all conditions. The primary contributions of this thesis were the development of a method to distinguish behavioural dominance from reproductive dominance and determining their relationship under different environments (brood presence) and experimental manipulations (ovarian development). These contributions further define dominance in Bombus impatiens.

Cette recherche consiste en l’étude des interactions sociales entre l’enseignant et les élèves du groupe-Classe de l’école élémentaire, afin d’en saisir l’impact sur les apprentissages académiques. De type ethnographique, l’enquête de terrain, entreprise à la fois dans une perspective interactionniste et une posture inductive, a participé à démontrer que le processus de production des performances scolaires est impacté par le type de socialisation scolaire qui est à l’œuvre au sein du groupe-Classe. En effet, bien que les professeurs des écoles soient des fonctionnaires relevant d’une même institution, nous sommes parvenus à identifier différents modes d’actualisation de l’autorité pédagogique qui est au fondement de cette socialisation. Si pour établir leur stratégie professorale les enseignants se base sur leur double lecture de la composition sociale du groupe des élèves et l’environnement local de l’établissement, des stratégies identiques peuvent se solder par des effets contrastés selon le type de prestation scénique qui est à la base de l’actualisation de l’autorité pédagogique. / This research is aimed at studying social interactions between teachers and pupils in the class group in the elementary school. The goal is to perceive their effects on the learnings.The ethnographic study is conducted in an interactionist prospect and in an inductive position. This work participates to demonstrate that production process of scholastic skills is impacted by the type of scholastic socialization that takes place in the class group. Although elementary school teachers are from the same institution, we reach to indentify different way to apply pedagogic authority which is the keystone of this socialization. Even though, to build their teaching strategy, teachers are establishing it on the double interpretation of social composition of pupils group and the local environment, identical strategies can finished by contrasted effects that depend on the type of theatrical performance which is based on the renewal of the pedagogic authority.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-16T13:52:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sônia Maria de Souza Ancântara.pdf: 1507304 bytes, checksum: 3b28626ae41bf2075680eb9c960f5b63 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-06-04T17:27:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Sônia Maria de Souza Ancântara.pdf: 1507304 bytes, checksum: 3b28626ae41bf2075680eb9c960f5b63 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-04T17:27:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sônia Maria de Souza Ancântara.pdf: 1507304 bytes, checksum: 3b28626ae41bf2075680eb9c960f5b63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / A presente dissertação teve como principal objetivo analisar se o desenvolvimento e/ou sensibilização da oralidade, através de atividades lúdicas, pode vir a possibilitar uma melhor aprendizagem da Língua Inglesa. Este estudo partiu de algumas teorias que envolvem o ensino de uma língua estrangeira, dentre elas estão: a teoria da aquisição da linguagem; a questão da compreensão oral e a pronúncia; os diferentes métodos, abordagens e estratégias para o ensino da Língua Inglesa; a teoria da aprendizagem a partir do socionteracionismo de Vygotsky e a presença da ludicidade na práxis pedagógica. Desta forma, foi possível, através de aulas práticas de Língua Inglesa, avaliar o impacto causado pelas atividades orais desenvolvidas junto a 32 estudantes da 7ª série do ensino fundamental em uma escola da rede pública da SEC/Salvador. O percurso metodológico está baseado na abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, tendo como técnica investigativa o estudo de caso. A conclusão a que se chegou foi a de que o desenvolvimento de atividades orais em sala de aula para o ensino da Língua Inglesa, tendo como agente mediador a ludicidade e perspectiva sociointeracionista, propicia um melhor resultado no aprendizado, principalmente no que se refere à motivação dos educandos. / Bahia

Submitted by Andrea Rezende (andrea.rezende@fgv.br) on 2010-08-09T18:20:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo_Borges_Jales.pdf: 837743 bytes, checksum: b5b62fa6e2b56de86d4a702ef2a8bf18 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-08-09T18:20:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo_Borges_Jales.pdf: 837743 bytes, checksum: b5b62fa6e2b56de86d4a702ef2a8bf18 (MD5) / In this paper, I estimate the size of social interactions in the Brazilian educational production function, from the data called “SAEB-2005”. The results show that peer effects are important determinant of observed achievement in the Math exam. Furthermore, I found evidence that this effect is concentrated in the top of the ability distribution. This sugests that policies like “ability tracking” may be optimal. / Este trabalho estima o efeito das Interações Sociais no desempenho dos estudantes no Brasil, a partir dos dados do SAEB 2005. Os resultados apontam que Peer Effects explicam uma parte importante da proficiência observada no exame de Matemática. Além disto, encontramos evidências de que este efeito é concentrado nos alunos no topo da distribuição de habilidade, o que sugere que políticas de ability tracking podem ser ótimas.

Background: Nurse practitioners are increasingly conducting consultations with patients on the same basis as medical doctors. However little is known about communication within nurse practitioner consultations. Research on communication in nurse practitioner consultations has identified nurse practitioners communicate with patients in a hybrid style, combining biomedical information with the discussion of subjective information from everyday life. Research has not fully explained why this hybrid style occurs in nurse practitioner consultations, nor determined its links to consultation duration, patient expectations, satisfaction, and enablement. This study was developed to address these gaps in research of communication in nurse practitioner consultations. Aim: This study aims to advance understanding of the discrete nature of the communication processes and social interactions occurring in the nurse practitioner consultation, including explicating the reasons for the occurrence of the particular communication processes and interaction styles observed in those consultations. Methods: The study was conducted in a nurse-led primary care clinic providing general practice care. Within a case study research approach mixed methods were utilised, combining structured analysis of video recorded observations of nurse practitioner consultations, questionnaire-based measures of patient expectations, satisfaction, and enablement, and interviews with some of the participants of the consultations. The sample for video recording comprised three nurse practitioners employed at the clinic, and 30 patients registered at the clinic. Questionnaire responses were provided by 71 patients, including 26 whose consultations had been video recorded. All three nurse practitioners participated in post-consultation individual interviews, and 11 patient / carers participated in post-consultation individual interviews. The video recorded consultations were analysed with the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS), a method of quantified interactions frequency analysis. The questionnaire responses were analysed with descriptive statistics. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed using computerised qualitative data analysis with NVivo. Findings: A significant majority of observed social interaction in the consultations used patient-centred communication styles (p=0.005), with neither nurse practitioners nor patients or carers being significantly more verbally dominant. Nurse ii practitioners guided the sequence of consultation interaction phases, but patients and carers participated through asking questions and involvement in negotiations for care planning. Patient / carers were highly satisfied with their consultations, and significantly higher general satisfaction was noted when participants expected the nurse practitioners to be able to diagnose their presenting problem (p=0.043). Patient / carers expressed significantly higher levels of enablement than have been seen in previous studies of enablement with other types of clinicians (p=0.003). The mean consultation time length of 10.97 minutes is comparable with studies of general practitioners. The participants’ perceptions of nurse practitioner consultation communication processes and social interactions were represented through six themes; Consulting style of nurse practitioners; Nurse practitioner – GP comparisons; Lifeworld content or lifeworld style issues; Nurse practitioner role ambiguity; Creating the impression of time; and Expectations for safety netting. Contribution to knowledge: This study reveals nurse practitioner consultations comprise collaborative openness to peoples’ agendas and questions, expressions of everyday lifeworld experiences, expanded impressions of time, clear explanations augmented by integrated clinical reasoning, and participatory negotiations. These communicative features arise from a combination of social, ideological, and epistemological factors, prompting nurse practitioners to privilege how they interact with patients and carers, and to adopt a hybrid patient-centred style combining the nursing ideology of holism and their knowledge of biomedicine. This form of communication has been characterised as a stylistic exemplar for good consultation communication practice, which potentially facilitates shared decision-making. This research has resulted in new knowledge of the communication processes and social interactions used in nurse practitioner consultations, which demonstrates the importance of clinicians giving precedence to how they communicate and interact with patients so as to optimise their therapeutic outcomes without compromising the duration of consultations.

Bakgrund: Social ångest yttrar sig genom att personen känner rädsla inför situationer där det finns risk att bli granskad av andra och undviker därför ofta att utsätta sig för detta.  Personer som lever med social ångest upplever ofta försämrad livskvalité till följd av begränsad delaktighet i aktivitet. Syfte: Att beskriva hur personer med social ångest upplever att begränsad delaktighet i sociala aktiviteter påverkar dem i vardagen. Metod: Examensarbetet genomfördes som en kvalitativ fokusgruppsintervju genom en grupp via Facebook. Bekvämlighetsurval tillämpades via grupper på Facebook som riktar sig till personer med social ångest. Totalt elva deltagare medverkade i diskussionsgruppen. Intervjufrågorna publicerades som inlägg och deltagarna fick delge sina erfarenheter i kommentarsfälten där de även fick följdfrågor. Data analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Deltagarna upplevde att begränsningar i delaktighet i sociala aktiviteter påverkade dem inom tre huvudkategorier; Bristande delaktighet i vardagliga aktiviteter, obehag av folksamlingar samt utanförskap.  Personerna upplevde omfattande svårigheter vid interaktion med andra människor, vilket påverkade deras delaktighet i sociala aktiviteter negativt. Slutsats: Deltagarna upplevde att begränsningar i sociala aktiviteter orsakade bristande delaktighet i vardagliga aktiviteter, begränsad förmåga att vistas bland främmande människor, platser med mycket folk, i nya miljöer samt att det kunde leda till utanförskap. / Background: Social anxiety manifest in a person as fear and avoidance for a situation where there is a risk to feel judged by others. People living with social anxiety often experience impaired quality of life due to limited participation in activity. Purpose: To describe how people with social anxiety experience that limited participation in social activities affects them in everyday life. Method: The thesis was conducted as a qualitative interview by a group discussion through Facebook. Convenience sample was applied through Facebook groups aimed at people with social anxiety. A total of eleven participants attended the discussion group. The interview questions were published as post and the participants share their experiences in the comment section, where the authors also asked follow-up questions. Data was analysed by a qualitative content analysis. Result: The participants experienced that limitations in social activity participation affected them within three main categories; insufficient participation in everyday activities, discomfort of crowds and social exclusion. The participants experienced severe difficulties in interacting with other people, which affected their participation in social activities in a negative way. Conclusion: The participants experienced that limitations in social activities caused lack of participation in everyday activities, limited ability to be around strangers, places with a lot of people, new environments and could lead to social exclusion.

The problem is concerned with social attitudes of graduate students toward graduate faculty and graduate faculty toward graduate students in the programs of a large college of education. The purposes are (a) to establish that the attitudes of acceptance of others, trust in people, philosophy of human nature, human values, and moral ethics exist among graduate students and among graduate faculty in a large college of education; (2) to determine the relative degree to which these social attitudes exist (a) among graduate students, (b) among graduate faculty, and (c) between graduate students and graduate faculty.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-22T17:55:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rosaurarodriguestoledo.pdf: 1086955 bytes, checksum: e74c67a5a953194e0036f4f57bfc691d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:26:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rosaurarodriguestoledo.pdf: 1086955 bytes, checksum: e74c67a5a953194e0036f4f57bfc691d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:26:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rosaurarodriguestoledo.pdf: 1086955 bytes, checksum: e74c67a5a953194e0036f4f57bfc691d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-05 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No presente trabalho o objetivo central é refletir as práticas de ressocialização do egresso do sistema prisional, seus usos e significados, com base nas interações sociais desenvolvidas no contexto das políticas públicas de atendimento ao preso e ao egresso. Neste sentido, vai investigar quais os atores imediatamente envolvidos nas políticas de ressocialização e quais os impactos destas políticas na subjetividade destes indivíduos, e consequentemente na sociabilidade, através da interpretação das observações e das percepções que emergem do contexto interacional. E, diante desta análise é realizada uma observação crítica das representações sociais envolvidas neste contexto, com vistas a refletir sobre o funcionamento das políticas criminais e o atingimento dos propósitos públicos de ressocialização. / In this paper the main objective is to reflect the rehabilitation practices to egress from the prison system, its uses and meanings, based on social interactions developed in the context of public policy for treatment of prisoner and egress. In this sense, we will investigate which actors immediately involved in the policies of rehabilitation and which the impacts of these policies on the subjectivity of these individuals, and consequently in sociability, through interpretation of observations and insights that emerge from the interaction context. And, by this analysis is performed a critical remark of social representations involved in this context, in order to reflect on the functioning of the criminal policies and the achievement of public purposes of rehabilitation.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-09T15:56:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 julianavazenunes.pdf: 1792666 bytes, checksum: 385a1cf5dc7d2ff7ac85dab538741ff1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T14:27:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 julianavazenunes.pdf: 1792666 bytes, checksum: 385a1cf5dc7d2ff7ac85dab538741ff1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T14:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 julianavazenunes.pdf: 1792666 bytes, checksum: 385a1cf5dc7d2ff7ac85dab538741ff1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-12 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar um etograma básico para indivíduos adultos de Tropidurus itambere, através de observações realizadas em ambiente natural e em ambientes artificiais e estudar a ecologia termal e o dimorfismo sexual dos indivíduos, em dezembro de 2006 e entre fevereiro e novembro de 2007. As observações dos comportamentos foram realizadas pelo método do animal focal e scan, totalizando 285 horas de registros. Nos ambientes artificiais os lagartos foram observados em cinco situações: (1) indivíduo sozinho; (2) 1 macho + 1 macho; (3) 1 macho + 1 fêmea (4) 2 machos + 1 fêmea (5) 1 fêmea + 1 fêmea. Os comportamentos exibidos pelos indivíduos cativos foram similares àqueles observados em campo. Foram registrados 78 atos comportamentais distribuídos em nove categorias funcionais. Os comportamentos movimentação vertical da cabeça (head bob) e lamber o substrato foram os atos comportamentais mais freqüentes exibidos pela espécie e parecem atuar juntos como sinais de reconhecimento, visual e químico, da área. A temperatura corpórea média de atividade de T. itambere foi de 32,08 ± 3,36ºC, com uma amplitude de 20,30 a 37,90ºC e apresentou variação sazonal. As temperaturas dos microhábitats (substrato e ar) influenciaram a temperatura corpórea dos lagartos sendo que na estação chuvosa a temperatura do ar explicou melhor a temperatura dos lagartos e, na estação seca, a temperatura do substrato explicou melhor a temperatura dos indivíduos. As análises mostraram uma diferença significativa no tamanho e forma do corpo e massa corpórea entre os sexos, com os machos sendo mais pesados e maiores, apresentando as medidas de todas as variáveis morfométricas significativamente maiores do que as medidas das fêmeas, com exceção da largura do abdômen cuja média das fêmeas foi maior do que a dos machos, porém essa diferença não foi significativa. A análise discriminante selecionou o tamanho da cabeça (RCT) como a variável que melhor explicou as diferenças entre os sexos, tendo classificado corretamente 89,5% dos indivíduos. / The aim of this study was to elaborate a basic ethogram for adult individuals of Tropidurus itambere, through observations accomplished in field and outdoor and indoor enclosures and to study the thermal ecology and the sexual dimorphism of the lizards, on December 2006 and between February and November 2007. The observations of the behaviors were accomplished by the method of the focal animal and scan, totalizing 285 hours of registrations. In the artificial enclosures the lizards were observed in five situations: (1) individual alone; (2) 1 male + 1 male; (3) 1 male + 1 female (4) 2 males + 1 female (5) 1 female + 1 female. The behaviors exhibited by the captive individuals were similar to those observed in the field. We registered 78 behavioral acts distributed in nine functional categories. The head bob was the act more frequently exhibited by the species, having been observed in all the treatments in the outdoor enclosure. The behaviors head bob and to lick the substratum seem to act together as signs of recognition of the area. The body temperature average of activity of T. itambere was 32,08 ± 3,36ºC and it presented seasonal variation accompanying the environmental temperatures. The temperatures of the microhabitats (substratum and air) influenced the body temperature of the lizards so that in the rainy season just the temperature of the air affected the temperature of the lizards and, in the dry season, just the temperature of the substratum affected the temperature of individuals. The analyses showed a significant difference in size and shape of the body and mass between the sexes, with the males being heavier and larger, presenting the measures of all the morphometrics variables significantly larger than the measures of the females, except for the width of the abdomen whose average of the females was larger than that of the males, even so that difference was not significant. The discriminant analysis selected the size of the head (RCT) as the variable that better explained the differences between the sexes, having classified correctly 89,5% of the individuals.