The present article studies the role of the missionary in the transmission of knowledge between Europe and Asia, particularly China, in the sixteenth century. Thanks to educational institutions established by the Jesuits and other religious orders in various parts of the world, there was an exchange of texts between Europe and the Far East. The result was a first orientalism, with missionaries (Jesuit and otherwise) as its principal agents, which not only translated European texts to China, but also carried knowledge to Europe from the Ming Empire. / El presente artículo estudia el rol del misionero en la transmisión de conocimientos entre Europa y Asia, en particular China, en el siglo XVI. Gracias a las instituciones educativas establecidas por los jesuitas y los miembros de otras órdenes religiosas en distintas partes del mundo, hubo un intercambio de textos entre Europa y el Lejano Oriente. El resultado fue un primer orientalismo, que tuvo como sus principales agentes a misioneros (fueran o no jesuitas), el cual no solo tradujo al chino textos producidos en el Viejo Continente, sino que también trasladó conocimientos a Europa desde el imperio de los Ming.

Quando os missionários jesuítas chegaram ao Japão em 1549, não imaginavam o choque cultural que ocorreria a seguir. O Cristianismo possuía signos completamente alheios à cultura japonesa: eles desconheciam a ideia de um Deus único, assim como as noções de pecado e salvação eram totalmente diferentes das do Ocidente. É então que a problemática da tradução de termos religiosos entra em cena. Ora, como introduzir conceitos de uma cultura, sem que estes existam na outra? Este trabalho busca, então, analisar o percurso efetuado pelos jesuítas neste processo de adaptação e tradução de termos religiosos, para o japonês, através da análise dos dois dicionários publicados por eles no período, como fonte expressiva de um léxico não restrito à religião. E, através de uma comparação com as cartas enviadas de 1549 a 1603, data da publicação do segundo dicionário, enxergar como a cultura japonesa era retratada pelos jesuítas e que mudanças essa imagem pode ter sofrido ao longo do período de sua permanência. Surge assim todo um leque de referências ao observarmos os problemas linguísticos o que possibilita um vislumbre não só da religiosidade japonesa em si, mas de todo o processo de mediação cultural que se inicia com a chegada dos primeiros jesuítas ao Japão. / When the Jesuit missionaries arrived in Japan in 1549, they could not imagine the culture shock that would happen next. Christianity had completely unrelated culture signs to Japanese culture: they ignored the idea of one God, and the sin and salvation notions were very different from the West. It is then that the problem of translation of religious terms comes into play. However, how to introduce concepts in a culture if they do not exist in the other? This paper seeks to analyze the route made by the Jesuits in the process of adaptation and translation of religious terms, for the Japanese, through the analysis of the two dictionaries published by them in the period, as a significant source of a not restricted to religion lexicon. Moreover, through a comparison with the letters from 1549 to 1603, the date of publication of the second dictionary, see how the Jesuits portrayed Japanese culture and what changes this image may have suffered over the period of their stay. This leads to a whole range of references to observe the language problems , which allows a glimpse not only of Japanese religiosity itself, but of the whole of cultural mediation process that begins with the arrival of the first Jesuits in Japan.

Le Père Jésuite François Garasse reste un écrivain du premier XVIIe siècle assez connu et peu étudié en dépit de son abondante production polémique, publiée entre 1614 et 1626. Son œuvre est réputée illisible, par les valeurs qu’elle défend et la violence qu’elle déploie, par sa longueur et son manque de consistance, par son style même, enfin. Cependant, les travaux sur le libertinage ont conduit à s’intéresser à la figure du libertin telle qu’il la dessine dans sa Doctrine curieuse. De telles études invitent à reconsidérer le Père Garasse, qui apparaît comme le jésuite polémiste le plus lu et le plus connu entre 1617 et 1626, et comme un prédicateur à succès. L’ensemble de son œuvre, cependant, ne fait encore à ce jour l’objet d’aucune étude spécifique. Le Père Garasse, qui participe à l’ensemble des querelles de son temps, est étudié ponctuellement, de façon fragmentaire, et n’est que très peu analysé en tant que tel. Ce projet se propose d’inverser les perspectives, en s’intéressant au Père Garasse, non pas sous l’angle du libertinage ou du jansénisme naissant, mais sous l’angle qui est le sien, celui de la Réforme catholique et de ses combats, celui de la Compagnie de Jésus et de ses intérêts. Il s’agit d’envisager son œuvre polémique dans son ensemble et pour elle-même, d’un point de vue double, philosophique, théologique et moral d’une part, littéraire d’autre part ; il s’agit de s’attacher à établir s’il existe une pensée du Père Garasse, et à déterminer les formes par lesquelles elle s’énonce. Son œuvre, essentiellement polémique, est également à étudier dans le rapport qu’elle tisse avec les autres œuvres de son temps, qu’il s’agisse de rapports d’opposition, ou de filiation. Ce projet vise donc à mettre en perspective l’œuvre du Père Garasse, à la replacer dans le contexte de son époque, polémique et rhétorique, pour mieux en dégager la spécificité littéraire et philosophique. / Father François Garasse remains a jesuit writer of the first seventeenth century quite known and little studied, despite its abundant controversy production, published between 1614 and 1626.His work is deemed illegible, by the values it defends and the violence it deploys, by its length and lack of consistency, by its style, finally. However, works on libertinism led to interest in the figure of the libertine as he draws it in his Doctrine curieuse . Such studies invite to reconsider Father Garasse, which appears as the jesuit polemicist most read and most famous between 1617 and 1626, and as a successful preacher. His work, however, has not been studied yet in a whole. Father Garasse, who participates in all the quarrels of his time, is the subject to intermittent, piecemeal analysis. This project aims to reverse perspectives, focusing father Garasse, not in terms of libertinism or nascent Jansenism, but from his angle : Catholic Reformation and its fighting, Society of Jesus and its interests. His polemical work will be considered as a whole and for herself, in a double point of view, philosophical, theological and moral on one hand, and literary on the other hand ; the aim is to establish if there is a thought of Father Garasse, and to identify the ways in which it is stated. The link between his work, essentially polemical, and other works of his time will also be considered, whether adversarial or affiliation. This project aims to put into perspective the work of Father Garasse, to replace it in the polemic and rhetoric context of his time, in order to better identify his literary and philosophical aspect.

Né à Lyon dans une famille d’artistes peintres et entré dans la Compagnie de Jésus en 1590, Étienne Martellange (1596-1641) eut une carrière exceptionnelle à laquelle rien ne le destinait pourtant. Il devint en effet le principal architecte visiteur de sa congrégation en France, un concepteur et un organisateur remarquable de même qu’un prolixe dessinateur. Durant près de quarante-trois ans, il voyagea sans cesse dans quatre des cinq provinces jésuites du royaume où il travailla à la réflexion, la construction, l’aménagement et le décor de plus de trente maisons et églises de la Compagnie, de même qu’en dehors de celle-ci. À l’aide d’un ensemble de trois-cent-soixante-neuf documents, plans, coupes, élévations, vues de villes et de monuments, lettres et mémoires rassemblés au cours des recherches dans diverses institutions et dépôts d’archives français et étrangers -parmi lesquels quarante-trois inédits-, cette étude envisage de présenter successivement qui était frère Étienne, quelles furent ses activités et quel fut son rôle dans le renouveau de l'architecture de son temps ainsi que dans la naissance de ce qui deviendra à la fin du Grand Siècle le "classicisme à la française". / Born in Lyon in a painters family and entered the Society of Jesus in 1590, Étienne Martellange (1596-1641) had an outstanding career in which nothing yet the intended. He became in fact the main architect visitor to his congregation in France, a designer and an outstanding organizer as well as a prolific draftsman. For nearly forty-three years he traveled incessantly in four of five Jesuit provinces of the kingdom where he worked for reflection, construction, layout and decor of more than thirty houses and churches of the Company, and that 'outside thereof. Using a set of three-sixty-nine documents, plans, sections, elevations, views of cities and monuments, letters and memories collected during research in various institutions and deposits of French and foreign archives -among whom forty-three unpublished-, this study intends to present successively who was brother Étienne, what were its activities and what was his role in the revival of the architecture of his time and in the birth of what would become the end of the Grand Siècle "French classicism".

No description available.

De meados do século XVI a meados do XVIII, a Companhia de Jesus foi, sob diversos aspectos, a ordem religiosa católica de maior influência no mundo. Seus milhares de membros, espalhados pela maior parte do planeta (junto com as outras forças do colonialismo europeu, ou mesmo antes delas), viam-se e eram vistos como indivíduos e integrantes de uma corporação marcadamente distintos do resto do clero. A identidade jesuítica, constitutiva do elevado grau de autonomia relativa da ordem no campo religioso maior, era forjada, em grande medida, nos processos de formação dos futuros religiosos, que ocorriam em uma notável rede de colégios da Companhia (nos quais também recebiam inúmeros estudantes que não aspiravam ao sacerdócio, mas eram igualmente expostos ao modo de proceder dos jesuítas). Neste trabalho, buscamos indícios do funcionamento específico desse sistema de socialização cultural, no contexto do Colégio Jesuíta de Santo Antão de Lisboa, e, mais particularmente, em sua notória Aula da Esfera. Para tal, analisamos dois cadernos manuscritos que contêm anotações feitas por estudantes das aulas ministradas pelos padres Cristoforo Borri, em 1627, e Inácio Vieira, em 1709. Sustentamos que esses documentos dão sinais da existência de uma matriz cultural que, internalizada, predispunha os jesuítas a realizarem suas escolhas e, mais do que isso, moldava uma forma de pensar e ver o mundo. Nos cadernos, a especificidade jesuítica se torna presente quando se identifica a presença constante de atitudes epistemológicas e técnicas pedagógicas típicas da escolástica, sistema que jamais caiu em descrédito na Companhia, mesmo com os ataques crescentes e irreversíveis que sofreu ao longo do século XVII / From the mid-16th to the mid-18th centuries, the Society of Jesus was, under several perspectives, the most influential Roman Catholic religious order in the world. Its thousands of members, scattered over most of the globe (side by side with other agentes of European colonialism, and at times long before their arrival), saw themselves and were seen by others as individuals and members of a corporation markedly distinct from the rest of the clergy. Jesuit identity, constitutive of the high level of relative autonomy of the order inside the larger religious field, was to a great extent forged in the formative processes of future professed members, which took place in a remarkable network of colleges of the Society of Jesus (colleges that also had a huge number of students not destined to priesthood or religious life, but who were nevertheless equally exposed to the way of proceeding of the order). In this work, we look for signals of the specific workings of this system of cultural socialization, in the context of the Jesuit College of Santo Antão of Lisbon, particularly in its notorious Aula da Esfera (the cosmography and mathematics class). To this end, we analyze two manuscript notebooks containing student notes of the classes given by fathers Critoforo Borri in 1627, and Inácio Vieira in 1709. We sustain that these documents indicate the existence of a cultural matrix that, when internalized, predisposed Jesuits to make their choices and, more than that, shaped a way of thinking and seeing the world. In the notebooks, Jesuit specificity is present when we take notice of the constant presence of epistemological attitudes and pedagogical techniques typical of Scholasticism, a system that never fell off favor in the Society of Jesus even with the mounting, irreversible attacks that Scholasticism suffered during the 17th century

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-73).

Il presente lavoro si propone di studiare la produzione letteraria giovanile di Monaldo Leopardi (1776-1847), padre del celebre poeta Giacomo, contestualizzandola entro una cornice di carattere storico-culturale che possa restituirne le origini e gli sviluppi. Si è in primo luogo ricostruito il legame di Monaldo Leopardi e della sua famiglia con la Compagnia di Gesù (secc. XVI-XVIII), mettendo in luce il modello del «cavaliere cristiano» che il conte recanatese fu chiamato a impersonare negli anni della sua scuola domestica di stampo gesuitico. Si è quindi analizzata l'attività letteraria (1800-1806) di Monaldo Leopardi declinandola attraverso tre esperienze: quella delle Accademie, con particolare attenzione a quella da lui fondata, i Disuguali Placidi Ravvivati (1801-1803), di cui si è ripercorsa la storia attraverso fonti d'archivio; quella delle scritture poetiche; quella dei testi teatrali. Il volume di riferimento sono state le "Opere del conte Monaldo Leopardi Gonfallonieri da Recanati" (1803). Di questa produzione, cristianamente connotata, si sono inoltre indagati gli sviluppi, mettendo a confronto la "letteratura" di Monaldo Leopardi con quella del figlio Giacomo e focalizzando, infine, l'attenzione sulla rivista "La Voce della Ragione" (1832-1835) e sulla corrispondenza che, in tale ambito, il conte intrattenne con il generale dei gesuiti Jan Philip Roothaan. / This work aims to study the first literary production of Monaldo Leopardi (1176-1847), Giacomo Leopardi’s father, according to a cultural and historical point of view. Initially, we rebuilt the relationship between Monaldo Leopardi and his family with the Society of Jesus (XVI-XVIII Century), pointing out the model of «Christian hero» he embodied during his jesuitical homeschooling. Then, we analysed Monaldo Leopardi’s literary production (1800-1806) considering three different aspects: first of all, the connection with the Italian Accademie that we investigated thanks to archives resources, with a special focus on the Accademia dei Disuguali Placidi Ravvivati (1801-1803) he founded; afterwards, we studied his poetic and theatrical works referring to the volume "Opere del conte Monaldo Leopardi Gonfallonieri da Recanati" (1803). Finally, we decided to examine the development of this literary production with main Christian traits, by comparing father’s and son’s literature and by focussing on the journal “La Voce della Ragione” (1832-1835) and the letters between Monaldo and the jesuitical general Jan Philip Roothaan.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-26T20:22:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Cassiana Inês Geremias dos Santos.pdf: 1766797 bytes, checksum: baa45ef4534d09c56997b8446847fff6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-09-27T13:53:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Cassiana Inês Geremias dos Santos.pdf: 1766797 bytes, checksum: baa45ef4534d09c56997b8446847fff6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T13:53:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Cassiana Inês Geremias dos Santos.pdf: 1766797 bytes, checksum: baa45ef4534d09c56997b8446847fff6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-23 / Neste trabalho iremos nos voltar para os escritos do padre Luís Fróis, jesuíta que esteve presente no Japão durante o século XVI e escreveu sobre a missão da Companhia de Jesus neste território, entre os anos de 1549 a 1594, em sua maior obra, a Historia de Japam. Trata-se de um relato sobre a presença, os contatos, o cotidiano e a atuação dos padres missionários, assim como também descreve os principais acontecimentos culturais e políticos japoneses. Apesar de ser uma narrativa oficial, rica e extensa, a obra de Fróis foi marginalizada pelos próprios jesuítas e caiu no esquecimento. Nessa pesquisa, problematizaremos o contexto e os principais agentes implicados no destino da Historia de Japam. Nossas análises são pautadas pela hipótese de que o relato de Fróis, caracterizado como uma “narrativa aberta” das práticas de evangelização, tornou-se incompatível com os planos de reestruturação da missão oriental implantados pelo Visitador da Ordem, o padre Alexandre Valignano, na década de 1580. Tal contradição provocou a marginalização do texto composto por Fróis, fenômeno que deve ser entendido como um conflito político e institucional. Ao longo dos cinco volumes da Historia de Japam são relatados episódios em que os padres da Companhia de Jesus, célebres por seu rigor e obediência tridentinos, protagonizam uma expressiva flexibilização da teologia católica envolvendo práticas de bigamia, sodomia, pregações e rituais. O deslocamento das questões doutrinárias para um segundo plano expunha a política de acomodação cultural pretendida por Valignano a riscos inadmissíveis, sobretudo para os superiores europeus. Nossa principal metodologia será a seleção e análise discursiva de diversas passagens da Historia de Japam referentes aos anos de 1549 a 1568. Os trechos serão problematizados em suas implicações retóricas e doutrinárias e, estas por sua vez, confrontadas com o contexto do embate entre Fróis e Valignano. A metodologia será orientada pela utilização dos conceitos de memória, narrativa aberta e classificação simbólica buscados em Walter Benjamin e Pierre Bourdieu. / In this work, we will analyse the writings of Father Luis Fróis, a Jesuit who was present in Japan during the 16th century and wrote about the development of the mission of the Society of Jesus in that territory fromt the the year 1549 to 1594, in his greatest work, Historia of Japam. This is a historiographical narrative about the presence, contacts, and activities of the missionary priests, as well as describes the main cultural events and Japanese politics. Despite being an official, and a text with a rich narrative scope, the work of Father Fróis was marginalized by the Jesuits and fell down into oblivion. In this research, we articulate the context and the main actors involved in the fate of the Historia de Japam. Our analyzes are based on the hypothesis that texto elaboreted by Fahter Fróis was characterized as an “open narrative” about the practices of evangelism and, as such, became incompatible with the restructuring plans of the eastern mission deployed by the Visitor of the Order, Father Alexander Valignano, in the 1580s . Such a contradiction caused the marginalization of the text compounded by Luiz Fróis. Therefore, this fate must be seen as an institutional phenomenon created by a political conflict. Over the five volumes of the Historia de Japam are reported episodes in which the priests of the Society of Jesus, famous for its accuracy and Tridentine obedience, lead a regular negotiation of the Catholic theology, involving practices bigamy, sodomy, preaching and rituals. The displacement of the doctrinal issues to the background of the history of the eastern mission exposed the policy of cultural accommodation designed by the Valignano to unacceptable risks, especially in the view of the European superiors. Our main methodology is the selection and discursive analysis of several passages of the Historia de Japam about the years 1549-1568. Those passages will be problematized in their rhetoric and doctrinal implications, and than confronted with the context of the clash between Fróis and Valignano. The methodology will be guided by the use of the concepts of “memory”, “open narrative” and “symbolic classification” sought in Walter Benjamin and Pierre Bourdieu.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1317948 bytes, checksum: 15689aa231cbcd912f661d54dc52c85b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The theater was one of the most important pedagogical resources used by the Jesuit missionaries in the context of Catholic Reformation on 16th century. The playing of popular Autos , with religious connotation, brings the promotion of Catholic Faith between the natives of Portuguese America and their adaptation to Euro-Christian culture. The elaboration of cultural representations a process of meetings and confrontations, characteristic of the mercantile salvation effort, the formation of new models of social organization and values, in a scope of mestizo culture having new paradigms as basis, had some aspects of great relevance for an analysis of missionary action done by the Society of Jesus. This work analyses these aspects, through a document that was destined, in its origin, to promote the insertion of natives in Colonial society: the Auto de São Lourenço, written by priest José de Anchieta from 1580 to 1583. As a mestizo object , the Auto is a notable example of pedagogical resources used by Jesuits in native catechism. Crossing distinct traditions, José de Anchieta intending in accord with universal nature of his Order to do the Christianization of aboriginal cosmogony, in a baroque culture perspective. José de Anchieta produces, in this play, an intense signs interchange, where Art, Education and Religion are inseparable. Today, this type of cultural intermediation, as part of Jesuit s catechism, it´s a proficuous field of research and discussions on the historical culture. / O teatro se constituiu como um dos mais importantes recursos pedagógicos utilizados pelos missionários jesuítas, no contexto da Reforma Católica, no século XVI. A representação cênica dos populares Autos de conotação religiosa objetivava a promoção da Fé católica entre os povos indígenas da América portuguesa e a adaptação desses povos à sócio-cultura euro-cristã. O processo de elaboração das representações culturais, no seio dos encontros e confrontos, característicos do esforço salvacionista mercantil, a formação de novos modelos de organização social e de valores, no âmbito de uma cultura mestiça, tendo por fundamento a circularidade cultural, gestadora de novos paradigmas, são aspectos de grande relevância para uma análise da ação missionária da Companhia de Jesus. No presente trabalho analisaremos esses aspectos a partir de um documento que, em sua origem, destinava-se à inserção dos indígenas aldeados na sociedade colonial o Auto de São Lourenço escrito pelo padre José de Anchieta entre 1580-1583. Sendo um objeto mestiço, o Auto de São Lourenço, constitui-se como um notável exemplo de recurso pedagógico utilizado pela Companhia de Jesus na catequese indígena. Intermediando tradições distintas, José de Anchieta, em consonância com a índole universalista da Companhia, objetivava a cristianização da cosmogonia indígena a partir da cultura dirigista barroca. José de Anchieta, no Auto de São Lourenço, engendra um intenso intercâmbio de signos no qual, a arte, a educação e a religiosidade são indissociáveis. A análise desse processo de intermediação sígnica, integrante da catequese jesuítica, ainda é muito discutida na cultura histórica contemporânea.