El presente trabajo de investigación propone el desarrollo de un Modelo Híbrido de Dirección para proyectos Biotecnológicos para la StartUp Biodynamols; la propuesta del modelo se basa en la necesidad de la empresa de gestionar los proyectos de una forma óptima, ya que al tratarse de proyectos de investigación, estos contienen un alto grado de incertidumbre en las fases iniciales, y procesos específicos y planificados en las etapas finales del proyecto. De igual forma los proyectos biotecnológicos en el Perú, en su mayoría, se quedan en fases iniciales, no teniendo una estructura que les permita una escalabilidad hacia etapas de comercialización. Considerando estos aspectos, tanto la falta de un modelo específico para este tipo de proyectos y la necesidad de escalar los proyectos mediante una estructura, se plantea la creación del Modelo Híbrido, el cual integra el enfoque adaptativo para el desarrollo de las fases iniciales y el enfoque predictivo para las fases finales del mismo. En el desarrollo de las siguientes secciones se establecerán los procesos requeridos para ambos enfoques al igual que las entradas, herramientas y técnicas y salidas de cada uno de los procesos identificados. / This research paper proposes the development of a Hybrid Management Model for Biotechnological projects for StartUp Biodynamols; The proposal of the model is based on the need of the company to manage the projects in an optimal way, since they are research projects, they contain a high degree of uncertainty in the initial phases and specific and planned processes in the final stages of the project. In the same way, biotechnological projects in Peru, for the most part, remain in the initial phases, not having a structure that allows them to be scalable towards commercialization stages. Considering these aspects, both the lack of a specific model for this type of projects and the need to scale the projects through a structure, the creation of the Hybrid Model is proposed, which integrates the adaptive approach for the development of the initial phases and the Predictive approach to the final phases of it. In the development of the following sections, the processes required for both approaches will be established, as well as the inputs, tools and techniques and outputs of each of the processes identified. / Trabajo de investigación

Orientador: Giuliana Aparecida Santini Pigatto / Resumo: As startups são formas de negócios inovadores e que têm como base o setor tecnológico. Com o advento da globalização e a expansão de novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), essas empresas estão adquirindo maior visibilidade e investimentos no agronegócio brasileiro, pois apresentam elevado potencial de escalabilidade e repetibilidade, além de possibilitarem a resolução de problemas relacionados à produção de alimentos, melhoria de produtos, serviços, gestão das atividades organizacionais e de processos produtivos, propiciando a inovação. Desta forma, este estudo busca responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como as startups do agronegócio contribuem em termos de inovação e de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação para o agronegócio, e como sua gestão do conhecimento é utilizada para tal? O objetivo geral da pesquisa consistiu em analisar como as startups do agronegócio contribuem em termos de inovação e tecnologias de informação e comunicação para o setor, e como sua gestão do conhecimento auxilia nesse processo. A metodologia utilizada nesse estudo envolveu a combinação de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, realizando: a) o aprofundamento teórico acerca de Inovação e Gestão do Conhecimento (tipos de inovação e formas/ natureza do conhecimento), e Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação; b) com subsequente levantamento de startups do agronegócio do estado de São Paulo, por meios bibliográficos e de pesquisa documental; ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Startups are innovative forms of business based on the technological sector. With the advent of globalization and the expansion of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), these companies are gaining greater visibility and investments in Brazilian agribusiness, as they have high potential for scalability and repeatability, in addition to enabling the resolution of problems related to production food, improvement of products, services, management of organizational activities and production processes, enabling innovation. Thus, this study seeks to answer the following research question: How do agribusiness startups contribute in terms of innovation and Information and Communication Technologies to agribusiness, and how is their knowledge management used for this? The general objective of the research was to analyze how agribusiness startups contribute in terms of innovation and information and communication technologies to the sector, and how their knowledge management helps in this process. The methodology used in this study involved the combination of qualitative and quantitative research, of an exploratory and descriptive character, performing: a) the theoretical deepening about Innovation and Knowledge Management (types of innovation and forms/nature of knowledge), and Information Technologies and Communication; b) with a subsequent survey of agribusiness startups in the state of São Paulo, using bibliographic and documentary research; c) application of questio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Les Jeunes Entreprises Technologiques (JET) ont des besoins financiers importants aux premiers stades tandis que la plupart des marchés des capitaux entrepreneuriaux restent moins développés en Europe qu’aux Etats-Unis. Cette situation conduit les pouvoirs publics à créer des dispositifs financiers, dont des subsides, pour soutenir ces JET. Selon la Public Sponsorship Theory, ces subsides devraient soulager le contrainte de financement qui pèse sur les JET et ainsi leur permettre de poursuivre leur développement jusqu’à attirer des investisseurs ou vivre de leurs ventes. Pour autant, l’évaluation empirique de ces subsides a produit des résultats critiques. Cette thèse étudie ces critiques à Bruxelles, un environnement européen interventionniste typique, en répondant à la question « Pourquoi les Jeunes Entreprises Technologiques font elles appel aux subsid¬¬es et comment ceux-ci affectent-ils leur développement?».Cette thèse est constituée d’articles de recherche réalisés à l’aide de stratégies qualitatives supportées par des études de cas. Le Chapitre 2 présente les études de cas de 10 JET et répond aux questions :« Comment les JET se financent-elles aux premiers stades ?» et « Quel est le rôle des aides publiques dans ces stratégies de financement ?». Il décrit un écosystème bruxellois où les JET parviennent à se financer mais où les subsides sont particulièrement présents à tous les stades. Le Chapitre 3 étudie la construction et la succession des tours de table au sein de 8 JET sur une période de trois ans après leur création. En particulier, il répond aux questions :« Les subsides répondent-ils à des contraintes de financement liées à un manque d’offre de fonds ?», « Pourquoi les JET font-elles appel aux subsides ?» et « Les subsides signalent-ils les JET aux investisseurs ?». Il souligne que l’opportunisme et la volonté d’éviter la dilution sont des motifs fréquents pour demander des subsides. Il met aussi en lumière que ces derniers sont fréquemment alloués selon une stratégie de type « picking the winners » où les meilleurs JET, aussi les plus indépendantes, reçoivent le plus d’aides publiques. Finalement, le Chapitre 4 adopte une perspective centrée sur les ressources et étudie le rôle des subsides au sein de configurations de ressources humaines, sociales et financières. Nous avons utilisé la Qualitative Comparative Analysis, en progression dans la recherche sur l’entrepreneuriat, sur un échantillon de 31 JET ICT afin de répondre aux questions suivantes :« Quelles sont les configurations de ressources qui conduisent à la croissance des ventes des JET ?», « Quelles sont les configurations de ressources qui permettent aux JET d’attirer des investisseurs ?» et « Comment les subsides contribuent-ils à ces configurations ?». Au terme de cette analyse, nous présentons une taxonomie de cinq types de JET basée sur leur mix de ressources à la création. Ces types soulignent le rôle central du capital humain dans la croissance des ventes et l’attraction d’investisseurs, et ce, tandis que les subsides jouent un rôle secondaire.Ces résultats offrent une réponse à notre question de recherche. En ce qui concerne les raisons d’utiliser les subsides, l’absence d’alternative due à des contraintes de financements est rare, et ce, tandis que la majorité des demandes sont guidées par l’opportunisme et/ou la volonté d’éviter ou limiter la dilution. En ce qui concerne l’impact de ces subsides, leur rôle apparaît secondaire dans le développement commercial et financier des JET.Finalement, ces conclusions permettent de formuler des recommandations à destination des praticiens. Aux décideurs politiques, nous conseillons de revoir les modalités d’attribution des subsides pour les limiter aux équipes dotées d’un capital humain fort. De plus, nous suggérons d’encourager les initiatives destinées à renforcer la complémentarité des équipes entrepreneuriales et les aider à s’insérer dans des réseaux d’affaires. Aux entrepreneurs, nous recommandons de prêter une attention particulière à la complémentarité de leurs équipes, et ce, tant sur les plans techniques que commerciaux. / New Technology-Based Firms (NTBF) have high financial needs at early stage while most European entrepreneurial equity markets remain less developed than in the United States. This threatens their development and the expected loss of regional spillovers pushes policy makers to create financial schemes such as grants to support them. According to Public Sponsorship Theory, grants should offer NTBF a relief from funding constraints and enable them to continue their development until they get support of investors or their sales allow self-financing. However, empirical evaluation of the relevance and impact of grants has been mostly critical. This PhD investigates these criticisms in Brussels, a typical western European interventionist region, by answering the question “Why do New Technology-Based Firms use grants and how do they affect their development?”.Our PhD is made of three empirical research papers carried out following qualitative research strategies resting on multiple case studies. Chapter 2 presents case studies of 10 NTBF to answer the questions: “How do NTBF finance themselves at early stages?” and “What is the role of public aids in these financing strategies?”. It describes a Brussels ecosystem in which NTBF manage to finance themselves but where grants are particularly present at every stage. Chapter 3 studies the design and succession of financing rounds within 8 NTBF over three years after incorporation. In particular, we answer the questions: “Are grants to NTBF answering to supply-sided financing constraints?”, “Why do NTBF apply for grants?” and “Are grants signalling NTBF to investors?”. It highlights that opportunism and the avoidance of dilution are common motives for grants applications and that these are regularly allocated following a “picking the winners’ strategy. Finally, Chapter 4 adopts a resource-based perspective by studying the role of grants within resource configurations of human, social and financial capital. Based on a sample of 31 ICT NTBF, we used Qualitative Comparative Analysis, an approach still in its infancy in entrepreneurship research, to answer the following questions: “What are the resource configurations that lead to the sales growth of NTBF?”, “What are the resource configurations that lead NTBF attract equity?” and “How do grants contribute to these configurations?”. At the end of the analysis, we present a five type’s taxonomy of NTBF based on their resource mixes at incorporation. These types underscore the central role of human capital in achieving sales growth and attracting equity as well as the secondary role of grants.Results of Chapter 2, 3 and 4 allow answering our main research question. Regarding the reasons for using grants, the absence of alternative due to supply-sided constraints is rare while the overwhelming majority of requests are guided by opportunism and/or the desire to avoid or limit dilution. Regarding the impact of grants, their role appears secondary in both the commercial and financial development of NTBF.Finally, these findings lead to recommendations to practitioners. To policy makers, we advise rethinking the modalities of grants and limit their availability to teams with strong human capital. Additionally, we suggest to spur initiatives to help entrepreneurial teams strengthening their complementarity and inserting themselves within business networks. To entrepreneurs, we recommend to pay particular attention to the complementarity of their founding team on both the technical and commercial axes. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Since GDPR was introduced back in 2018, it has become the major tool for protection ofpersonal data within the EU. However, the framework has been seen to impede innovation.Startups are characterized as both striving for innovation, but also being dependent oncollaborations for the purpose of progress. This thesis aims at exploring how startups translateGDPR, that is how they have chosen to design and fit the framework into the operation, howthey perceive that the translation design has affected their collaborations, and lastly howstartups understand GDPR as a framework. The study finds that due to resource scarcity andfuture uncertainty, startups translation of GDPR will vary from every situation. The empiricalmaterial did not reveal any perceptions of the GDPR translation negatively impacting startups’collaborations; however, it was perceived that the translation of the framework may facilitatecounterparts’ willingness to enter a collaboration with the startup. Lastly, GDPR was perceivedto be rather vague, allowing it to more easily to be translated by the startup companies.

Cuando una startup sale al mercado, se enfoca en crecer exponencialmente, utilizando una idea innovadora y un presupuesto relativamente bajo. Este crecimiento exponencial se apoya en la tecnología, la cual debe manejar un rendimiento adecuado en los recursos de hardware para los servicios, acorde con el giro del negocio. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es realizar un análisis de una plataforma para aplicaciones web con una arquitectura basada en contenedores, que sea capaz de soportar el crecimiento exponencial de usuarios de sus servicios Web. Las arquitecturas tradicionales basadas en servidores físicos implican tiempos y costos de configuración, despliegue y mantenimiento que son altos. Cuando se hace necesario escalar, se requiere, normalmente, de más recursos de hardware y de tiempo para realizar las configuraciones necesarias. La flexibilidad que provee la virtualización de servidores agiliza los procedimientos de escalamiento y reduce considerablemente el tiempo y los costos, comparados con las soluciones basadas solamente en hardware. Sin embargo, para atender requerimientos más exigentes, la virtualización tiene una huella muy pesada y tiempos de despliegue todavía elevados. La tecnología de contenedores nos ofrece una plataforma liviana y eficiente. Un contenedor es un paquete ejecutable muy liviano que aísla una pieza de software, incluyendo todo lo necesario para ser ejecutado. Está claro que la velocidad y la eficiencia son las mayores necesidades para las startups, y Docker, uno de los líderes en el mercado de contenedores de software, es capaz de proporcionarlas de manera efectiva. Si bien es cierto no ha reemplazado a las máquinas virtuales, se está notando el potencial de Docker. Eso no quiere decir que las máquinas virtuales quedaran obsoletas, por el contrario, Docker y las máquinas virtuales coexistirán uno al lado del otro, dando a los startups más opciones para ejecutar sus aplicaciones en la nube. / When a startup goes to market, it focuses on growing exponentially, using an innovative idea and a relatively low budget. This exponential growth is supported by technology, which must handle adequate performance in the hardware resources for services, in accordance with the line of business. The main objective of this work is to carry out an analysis of a platform for web applications with a container-based architecture, which is capable of supporting the exponential growth of users of its Web services. Traditional physical server-based architectures involve high configuration, deployment, and maintenance times and costs. When scaling becomes necessary, it usually takes more hardware and time to complete the necessary configurations. The flexibility that server virtualization provides streamlines escalation procedures and greatly reduces time and cost, compared to hardware-only solutions. However, to meet more demanding requirements, virtualization has a very heavy footprint and still high deployment times. Container technology offers us a lightweight and efficient platform. A container is a very lightweight executable package that isolates a piece of software, including everything needed to be run. It is clear that speed and efficiency are the greatest needs for startups, and Docker, one of the leaders in the software container market, is capable of providing them effectively. While it's true it hasn't replaced virtual machines, Docker's potential is being noticed. That doesn't mean that virtual machines will become obsolete, on the contrary, Docker and virtual machines will coexist side by side, giving startups more options to run their applications in the cloud. / Tesis

This is the first study within the area of rental affordability. It is an important issue to address since many startups and SMEs are struggling with finding suitable workspace in Stockholm. This study contributes to a better understanding of different aspects of affordability. Moreover the aim is to enhance the understanding of different perspectives of rental affordability for these companies when choosing office space. When defining rental affordability it has to be a relative concept within a certain context since it includes the perspective of both tenants´ preferences and market related factors. The proposed definition of affordability solutions is based on theory and empiricism, which are found through a literature review and a qualitative method. Since there is lack of consistency in research papers of the definition of affordability, and no previous definition of affordable solutions within this context is found, this method could define what factors affecting tenants when choosing office space. The qualitative method together with a literature review resulted in a pre-study, which was supposed to combine different aspects of affordability and further suggest how to construct a rental affordability index. Methodological triangulation increases the originality of this report, since the approach involves three aspects, which together highlight what dimensions should be evaluated when constructing an affordability index. A number of benefits from affordability solutions for startups and SMEs are presented in the results. Affordability solutions are intangible factors, which in several ways benefit property owners, tenants and society. However the office market is changing and tenants do not have the same preferences as before. Thus, it could be asked whether the recent office trend is just a trend or if it is here to stay. This report provides a starting point for such discussion, which is also proposed to consider when constructing a rental affordability index in further studies. / Denna masteruppsats är den första av sitt slag inom området för rental affordability. Det är av stor vikt att framhäva den problematik som är kopplat till den rådande situationen för många startups och småtill medelstora företag, vilka kämpar för att hitta lämplig kontorsplatser i Stockholm. Denna studie bidrar till en bättre förståelse för vilka aspekter som karaktäriserar rental affordability. Dessutom är målet att öka förståelsen för olika perspektiv av begreppet när det sätts i dess sammanhang. Vid en definition av rental affordability, bör hänsyn tas till sammanhanget vilket inkluderar både hyresgästers nuvarande preferenser samt rådande marknadsrelaterade faktorer. Den föreslagna definitionen av lösningar som hyresgäster har råd med, affordable solutions, baseras på hyresgästernas preferenser, vilka kartläggs genom kvalitativa intervjuer och teori. Med hänsyn till att en enhetlig definition saknas i tidigare forskning och att ingen tidigare definition finns inom kontexten för denna rapport, så kan den valda metoden användas för att definiera vilka immateriella faktorer som påverkar hyresgästerna när de väljer kontorslokaler. Den kvalitativa metoden tillsammans med en litteraturgranskning resulterade i en förstudie som kombinerar olika aspekter av affordability och vidare föreslås hur ett affordability index kan konstrueras. En metodologisk ansats i form av triangulering ökar originaliteten av denna rapport, eftersom tre aspekter tillsammans lyfter fram vilka dimensioner som bör utvärderas när ett affordability index konstrueras. Ett antal fördelar från affordability solutions för startups och små- till medelstora företag kan påvisas i resultaten. Ett flertal faktorer är framträdande och kan på flera sätt gagna fastighetsägare, hyresgäster och samhället. Emellertid så förändras kontorsmarknaden och hyresgäster har inte samma preferenser som tidigare. Således kan det diskuteras om den rådande kontorsutvecklingen bara är en trend eller om den är här för att stanna, vilket bör tas hänsyn till i vidare studier där ett affordability index konstrueras i enlighet med förstudien.

The significant advances of technology in the ICT sector the last decades with the most important the improvements on the internet services and virtualization techniques have led to the emergence of several computing paradigms, with the most recent cloud computing. There are several major international cloud service providers which deliver a variety of cloud services and solutions to individuals or companies. As a result, more and more companies are moving to the cloud leading to a growth of cloud services market. Cloud technologies can offer various benefits to organizations but at the same time there are risks and challenges associated with this term. This study examines the benefits of cloud computing on entrepreneurship and startup companies focusing in a specific country, Greece. Greece is inside a long period of economic crisis and access to financing is one on the most problematic factors for doing business. However, the last three years there is a huge increase in the number of startup companies and at the same time an increase in investments in Greek startups. In order to estimate the adoption of cloud computing from Greek startup companies and the potential benefits it may offer to Greek entrepreneurs an online survey was conducted. The analysis of the primary data indicates that Greek entrepreneurs are likely to use cloud computing and they are aware of its potential benefits and risks. Based on the findings of this study, there are serious indications that cloud computing has played a catalytic role in this recent increase of the entrepreneurial activity in Greece, offering multiple benefits to Greek entrepreneurs who are struggling to be more competitive, increase the value of their products and services and decrease costs.

Background: With digitalization, the increased use of the World Wide Web and social media combined with the aware and engaged costumer, the conditions of reputation management are also evolving (Beal & Strauss, 2008; Jones et al., 2009). Startups’ circumstances are even more challenging, in terms of several limitations, increased risks and uncertainties (Bortolini et al. 2021). Thus, reputation management strategies need to develop and adapt to current changes. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe how startups currently are managing their online reputation in a digital age and what kind of challenges they are facing. Based on the discoveries of this study the research will later discuss how strategies can be adjusted and improved to support startups in establishing and protecting their image and brand in an exposed and vulnerable landscape. Method: To answer the research question, four semi-structured online interviews with different startups were conducted and secondary data was observed. These case studies cover startups operating in different industries and respondents with different roles and experiences of reputation management. Through this variation, the empirical data could achieve comprehensive and nuanced insights. Findings: The gathered empirical data revealed that startups face several challenges when managing their online reputation due to their unique context. In a small startup, everyone is involved in engaging with stakeholders, monitoring the public’s perception, as well as contributing to a strong image, and building brand equity. Because of startups’ limitations, priorities are creating personal long-term relationships, networking, and gaining trust and loyalty to build reputation.  Conclusion: Recommendations for startups to manage their reputation more efficiently is practicing transparency to avoid misunderstandings that could damage the reputation, spread a consistent message to the public to establish a strong image, as well as ensuring that their performance conforms with their promises and planted perceptions. Adopting automatic and preventative tools to monitor information without human resources should also be considered. However, there is a need for further research in this field to continue exploring more efficient reputation management strategies tailored to startups’ conditions in the digital age.

No description available.

Background:  As the world is getting more and more globalized, the internationalization of companies has become an important way to achieve growth and competitiveness. Companies expand globally to find growth opportunities, compete with worldwide competitors, assist global consumers, get access to global competence, as well as improve their efficiency. Due to the changing business landscape and the lowered barriers for firms to internationalize, small companies, among them many startups, now also have the opportunity to take their operations to countries outside their home market. However, they often lack the resources and competencies that are necessary to successfully globalize their operations, which is exactly where business incubators come in. Purpose: This study explores how business incubators affect startup internationalization. More specifically it looks at how business incubators influence the internationalization process of startups who are part of the incubator program. This contributes to the scarce literature that is available on the topic of incubator influence on startup internationalization and it provides startup founders and incubators with valuable insights and recommendations on this topic. Method: In this study, a qualitative multiple case study was conducted, where we collected data through 15 semi-structured interviews with business coaches and startup founders from four different business incubators as well as complimentary secondary data about the case incubators and startups. The data was then analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Conclusion: Based on the analysis that was conducted, it was found that incubators influence the internationalization process in four key ways. Namely, those are influences through networks, knowledge, financial aid as well as programs and events. Additionally, it was found that the business coaches themselves also have a direct influence on how the startups they support internationalize. Lastly, it was recognized that some startup-specific factors moderate the amount to which business incubators influence the internationalization process of these firms.