Small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAV) can produce valuable data for inspections, topography, mapping, and 3D modeling of structures. Used by multiple industries, sUAV can help inspect and study geographic and structural sites. Typically, the sUAV and camera specifications require optimal conditions with known geography and fly pre-determined flight paths. However, if the environment changes, new undetectable aerial hazards may intersect new flight paths. This makes it difficult to construct autonomous flight path missions that are safe in post-hazard areas where the flight paths are based on previously built models or previously known terrain details. The goal of this research is to make it possible for an unskilled pilot to obtain high quality images at key angles which will facilitate the inspections of dangerous environments affected by natural disasters through the construction of accurate 3D models. An iterative process with converging variables can circumvent the current deficit in flying UAVs autonomously and make it possible for an unskilled pilot to gather high quality data for the construction of photogrammetric models. This can be achieved by gaining preliminary photogrammetric data, then creating new flight paths which consider new developments contained in the generated dense clouds. Initial flight paths are used to develop a coarse representation of the target area by aligning key tie points of the initial set of images. With each iteration, a 3D mesh is used to compute a new optimized view and flight path used for the data collection of a better-known location. These data are collected, the model updated, and a new flight path is computed until the model resolution meets the required heights or ground sample distances (GSD). This research uses basic UAVs and camera sensors to lower costs and reduce the need for specialized sensors or data analysis. The four basic stages followed in the study include: determination of required height reductions for comparison and convergent limitation, construction of real-time reconnaissance models, optimized view and flight paths with vertical and horizontal buffers constructed from previous models, and develop an autonomous process that combines the previous stages iteratively. This study advances the use of autonomous sUAV inspections by developing an iterative process of flying a sUAV to potentially detect and avoid buildings, trees, wires, and other hazards in an iterative manner with minimal pilot experience or human intervention; while optimally collecting the required images to generate geometric models of predetermined quality.

This work provides an experimental analysis of the acoustic footprint of a hexacopter in hover and low speed forward flight, comparison of aerodynamic performance and noise of eVTOL rotors operating in multiple facilities, and analysis of the noise associated with an outrunner brushless DC motor. Empirical and low-order models are used to predict aerodynamic performance, tonal noise, and broadband noise for isolated eVTOL rotors. In addition, a low noise, swept rotor design was evaluated. The acoustic footprint of a DJI Matrice 600 Pro hexacopter in hover and low speed forward flight was measured in the Virginia Tech Drone Park. The noise radiated by this vehicle was found to be dominated by tonal noise at low frequencies and dominated by broadband noise at high frequencies indicating that both are important when assessing the noise of these aircraft. Three distinct regions were observed in the frequency spectra of the noise. A-weighting measured acoustic spectra highlighted the importance of the mid-frequency broadband noise, in particular. The radiated noise in hover was also found to be similar to the noise of the vehicle during low-speed flyovers. Given this, significantly less complex measurements of an aircraft in hover or those associated with a rotor at static conditions may be used to assess the footprint of an eVTOL aircraft in low speed forward flight. The total vehicle noise was then decomposed by studying the performance and noise of isolated eVTOL rotors in multiple facilities and under different operating conditions. Facility effects on performance and noise were first assessed by experimentally studying two commercially available eVTOL rotors in an enclosed anechoic environment and an open environment. For experimental measurements that were conducted in the anechoic chamber, recirculation effects were shown to increase harmonic amplitudes more than 8 dB. Varying solidity screens were placed in the downstream wake of each rotor to delay the onset of recirculation. Placing the screens in the wake did not produce a noticeable effect on or delay recirculation within the confined testing environment. Measurements of the BPF and higher order harmonics of each rotor were found to be much more consistent in time when testing outdoors in an open-air environment. Amplitudes of these tones were also found to be like that of the spectral levels of the measurements conducted in the anechoic chamber once recirculation had been established. While the tonal levels were much more consistent throughout each measurement in the open-air environment, a significant amount of background noise was present and made characterizing the noise at low frequencies difficult. Environmental factors, mainly windspeed, were also found to impact the noise measurements which also added difficulty in characterizing the noise of the two tested rotors. In indoor facilities, the rotor inflow becomes contaminated due to recirculation shortly after the rotor reaches steady state and spectral levels of tones increased with increasing spectral averaging times. In outdoor environments, the inflow to the rotor disc becomes distorted due to changing wind conditions and turbulence in the atmosphere. Spectral levels of tones in the outdoor environment remained consistent in amplitude but exceeded those of the anechoic chamber significantly. Given this, environmental factors and recirculation were found to both increase the higher order harmonics. To mitigate these facility effects, measurements of force and noise were also conducted for the same two rotors in an anechoic open jet. Additionally, measurements were also conducted for a commercially available rotor along with a newly designed low noise swept rotor. Each of these rotors were tested in the anechoic open jet facility at static conditions and with the tunnel on. These measurements were accompanied with predictions of aerodynamic performance and tonal and broadband self-noise. BEMT was used to predict aerodynamic performance. Tonal noise associated with the rotor blade loading and thickness was predicted using F1A and rotor broadband self-noise was predicted using the model of BPM. The measured noise in this facility along with that from measurements in the anechoic chamber and outdoor environment were separated into tonal and broadband components by applying a phase averaging technique to the measured acoustic pressure time history. These results also show that in the indoor facility that the noise produced at the BPF is dominated by tonal sources, but the higher order harmonics can be attributed to broadband interactions particularly at static conditions. Broadband noise was drastically reduced by driving the tunnel at minimal inflow for the smallest rotor studied (R_tip= 120 mm). For the larger rotors (R_tip≥ 267 mm) broadband noise associated with BWI or TIN were not mitigated at low inflow speeds. Predictions of tonal noise at the BPF were within 3 dB for all observer locations when considering the smallest rotor studied. Predictions of the measured directivity at the BPF for the larger rotors were inaccurate although predictions of thrust agreed with the measured. The largest rotors tested were equal in diameter to that of the open jet inlet. Thus, the limits of the testing facility were exceeded and increased noise was produced as the rotor blades interacted with the shear layer of the open jet. Directivity patterns of each rotor were also found to vary with increasing rotational rate. Overall, these results show that for analyzing the noise at hover conditions, introducing a small amount of inflow may be a good option when trying to understand the tonal noise and allows one to characterize the tonal noise independent of the broadband. However, this was also shown to be heavily dependent on the rotor diameter with regards to the open jet inlet and experimentalist must take this into consideration. While these measurements provide an analysis of the noise in hover and low speed ascent, they do not assess the noise of the vehicle operating in forward flight. In forward flight the rotors are subjected to edgewise flows which have an effect on the radiated noise thus analyzing the noise of these rotors operating at an angle of attack to the incoming flow was assessed. These effects were investigated by experimentally measuring the performance and noise of the smallest rotor studied when operating at a yaw relative to the incoming flow. For increasing yaw at the examined wind tunnel velocities, the measured thrust was found to converge to the value for zero inflow. Contours of SPL as a function of yaw angle for no inflow and an inflow speed of 8 m/s showed spectral levels to be minimal for an in-plane observer from 5×BPF to 30×BPF. The broadband noise was found to increase significantly for increasing yaw angle and tunnel inflow speed. These results show once again that the broadband noise is especially important during forward flight and new methods that consider wake interaction are needed to predict the noise in this flight regime. The rotor geometric parameter of sweep was also assessed from measurements in the anechoic open jet by comparing the aerodynamic performance and noise of a commercially available 762 mm diameter CF30x10.5 T-motor eVTOL rotor to that of an in house designed low noise swept rotor. The addition of sweep was found to reduce noise associated with BWI or TIN as the separated broadband noise was found to be less than that of the commercially available rotor. Comparison of thrust at static conditions and with increasing advance ratios showed both rotors to have similar performance, thus the addition of sweep was effective at reducing noise without sacrificing performance. Lastly, the noise associated with the electric drive system of these aircraft which consists of an ESC and brushless DC motor was analyzed. Acoustic measurements were made with and without an acoustic enclosure installed on a brushless DC motor and was found to be effective at reducing noise associated with the electric motor. The effects of two ESC's as well as their switching rates were also studied. The noise was found to be similar for both ESCs at low frequencies. At high frequencies the measured noise spectrum was found to be different when controlling the motor with different ESC's and a higher switching rate was found to reduce the noise with increasing switching rate although not completely monotonically. / Doctor of Philosophy / A new class of multi-rotor VTOL electric aircraft is becoming a dominant advanced vehicle concept. Urban Air Mobility (UAM) vehicles are designed for short routes within urban environments carrying only a few passengers during each flight. Other smaller Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are increasingly being used for delivery services or to perform tasks which are more easily accessed with this technology like inspection or photography. Thus, these vehicles are expected to operate in close proximity to the general populace exposing it to aircraft noise which is currently limited to communities surrounding airports. For successful integration into the airspace with minimal community annoyance, the mechanisms responsible for generation of the noise must be understood. Traditionally, for conventional rotorcraft (one main rotor), the tonal noise has been more of a concern than the broadband component. eVTOL vehicles are often equipped with multiple rotors that are lightly loaded and operate at lower tip speeds which can be time varying. Thus, there is an increased significance of broadband noise. Lastly, these aircraft are equipped with an electric drive system that gives rise to an additional noise source that is not present for conventional aircraft. Best practices for measuring eVTOL noise are not currently established. Measurement of eVTOL rotor noise is complicated by the increased significance of the broadband sources. These have been shown to be facility dependent. Given this, there is a need for high quality experimental data and an analysis of experimental data in multiple facilities for these rotors and drive systems. Capabilities of traditional models to predict conventional rotorcraft noise also need to be assessed for these rotors. These two issues have been assessed in this work by first assessing the character of an eVTOL aircraft in hover and low speed flyovers. Both tonal and broadband components of the radiated noise were found to be significant. A-weighting, which is a metric used to assess the response of the human ear to the radiated noise showed increased significance of the broadband noise. This was followed by a characterization of the noise of isolated eVTOL rotors in multiple environments. Facility effects were addressed, and a low order prediction model was developed using methods that are traditionally used to predict noise associated with conventional rotorcraft. Lastly, the noise associated with the electric drive system of these vehicles was assessed and recommendations on how to reduce this source of noise were made. These results can be used to guide experimentalists when performing measurements of eVTOL rotor noise at static conditions and provide an eVTOL rotor noise data set that can be used to validate existing and forthcoming aerodynamic and acoustic prediction methods.

O presente estudo analisou as trajetórias de vida de mulheres acompanhadas por serviços da Proteção Social Básica, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS). Pretendeu-se compreender, a partir das narrativas dessas mulheres e da observação de sua circulação na rede da Assistência Social, o modo como diferentes marcadores sociais se articulam em suas experiências, desde uma perspectiva interseccional, produzindo sujeitos dessa Política Pública. Tal perspectiva considera, portanto, as articulações entre diferentes marcadores sociais de diferença - como gênero, raça, etnia, classe, idade, etc -, procurando compreender de que modo a experiência de um modifica a experiência de outro, intensificando formas de vida precarizadas, mas também se rearranjando em possibilidades de resistência (BRAH, 2006). A experiência dessas mulheres, ao mesmo tempo em que absolutamente particular, já que os marcadores podem se articular de diferentes formas e em contextos distintos, mesmo na vida de uma mesma mulher, remete ao funcionamento das instituições pelas quais passam, ao local onde vivem e às estratégias que acionam nesses campos. No que se refere aos aspectos metodológicos, tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa em que foi privilegiada a observação participante, com registro em diário de campo, e a entrevista etnográfica. / This study analyzed the life‘s trajectories of women accompanied by social services‘ agencies in Porto Alegre, Brazil. From these women narratives, it intended to understand the ways that different social markers articulate themselves with those experiences in an intersectional perspective, producing subjects from that public police. Such perspective take into account the articulations between different social markers of difference –as gender, race, ethnicity, class, age, etc. – trying to understand how a social marker experience modifies others social marker experiences, intensifying precarious life‘s way, but rearranging itself in resistance possibilities (BRAH, 2006). The narrative of these women, at the same time they‘re particular as the social markers can articulates themselves sin different ways, refers to the institutional operation that they pass through as also to the place where they live. As for the methodological aspects, it consists a qualitative research who privileged the participant observation registered in field journals.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T18:50:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Julian.pdf: 962878 bytes, checksum: ef0bb42c721a66afa7b37a4fcf038e96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-13 / Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo o estudo do fenomeno termopiezoeletrico. Um assunto importante é saber sob que condições a energia total do sistema termopiezoelétrico possui decaimento exponencial. Neste sentido, mostramos que o sistema termopiezoeléetrico linear possui decaimento exponencial se a região considerada satisfaz uma condição geométrica e uma desigualdade de observabilidade. Inicialmente apresentamos o problema que é estudado com as respectivas hipóteses e a condição geométrica que o domínio do problema deve satisfazer. Em seguida, utilizando uma técnica de desacoplamento nosso problema é desacoplado em dois problemas, um problema de piezoeletricidade com termo dissipativo e outro de condução de calor com termo de fonte. Assim, mostrando que a diferença dos semigrupos do sistema termopiezoelétrico acoplado e desacoplado respectivamente é compacta podemos provar que se o domínio do problema satisfaz a condição geométrica, e portanto, a propriedade do decaimento uniforme exponencial vale se e somente se é satisfeita uma desigualdade de observabilidade envolvendo os dados iniciais do problema. A segunda parte do trabalho tem como objetivo a obtenção de modelos de placas piezoelétricas com efeitos térmicos, mas especificamente a obtenção de um modelo bi-dimensional a partir do modelo tridimensional do sistema tervii mopiezoelétrico que preserve as características físicas do problema tridimensional para os casos estacionário e dinâmico. Cabe ressaltar que nem sempre as propriedades físicas de um problema são preservadas ao obter um modelo bi-dimensional a partir de um modelo tridimensional. Neste sentido, a obtenção do modelo bidimensional a partir do modelo tridimensional do sistema termopiezoelétrico é feita usando a analise assintótica. Inicialmente, fazemos uma descrição do domínio no qual trabalhamos, seguidamente, damos uma descrição matemática do problema da termopiezoeletricidade linear estática e dinâmica apresentando as hipóteses que são utilizadas para obter a formulação variacional de nosso problema em um domínio independente da espessura da placa o qual nos permita preservar as propriedades do problema em questão. Na seqüência, usamos a análise assintótica para obter o problema limite quando a espessura da placa tende para zero. Feito isso, apresentamos o modelo bi-dimensional da termopiezoeletricidade o qual preserva as propriedades físicas de nosso problema tanto no caso estático como no dinâmico. Finalmente, usando o método de elementos finitos apresentamos simulações numéricas para o caso estacionário de nosso problema.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T18:50:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseEduardoCoppoliFinal30ago2011.pdf: 3181243 bytes, checksum: 92f18a357bb128aeb133a3854958d1e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-27 / Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior / Métodos sem malha constituem uma classe de métodos numéricos usualmente aplicados na solução de equações diferenciais parciais (PDE). A principal característica destes métodos é que os mesmos não necessitam de uma malha como a usada nos métodos de elementos finitos. Esta característica pode ser bastante útil quando se esta modelando estruturas móveis, situação onde geralmente se necessita de um processo de reconstrução da malha. Este trabalho apresenta soluções para alguns dos principais aspectos encontrados na modelagem de dispositivos eletromagnéticos através do método sem malha denominado Element-Free Galerkin Method. Problemas como descontinuidade de materiais, domínios periódicos, imposição de condições de contorno essenciais, acoplamento entre as equações de campo e de circuito e modelagem de movimento são tratados nesta tese. Problemas de eletromagnetismo com materiais descontínuos constituem uma situação muito comum e são a causa de alguns problemas para os métodos sem malha. Geralmente esta característica leva a oscilações espúrias nas curvas do campo elétrico e magnético. Para se resolver este tipo de problema é proposta a utilização de funções de peso especiais na implementação do método. O uso de funções de peso especiais também permitira que a imposição das vii condições de contorno essenciais seja feita de maneira similar ao Método de Elementos Finitos. Este tipo de função propiciara também a simplificação da formulação variacional e do código computacional. Uma nova abordagem para o tratamento de problemas com fronteiras periódicas é proposta, fazendo uso de funções de peso especiais e na manipulação do sistema de equações. Este trabalho também apresenta um método que permite o acoplamento entre equações de circuito e do campo magnético no domínio do tempo para o EFGM. Para tal, uma maquina de indução trifásica é usada como exemplo, sendo apresentadas suas equações acopladas entre campo magnético e circuito magnético e circuito elétrico. Como etapa final do trabalho uma abordagem de modelagem do movimento desta maquina elétrica é proposta.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T18:50:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Apresentacao.pdf: 260390 bytes, checksum: 1bc9756e919b0969a6e6dfc3777f7aad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-02 / Neste trabalho propomos uma nova formulação micromecânica para descrever escoamentos monofásicos em meios porosos viscoelásticos. Na abordagem proposta consideramos o meio poroso por dois níveis de porosidade (micro e macroporos), onde os efeitos de relaxação e fluência da matriz porosa são advindos da drenagem secundária do fluido residente nos microporos. A derivação do modelo macroscópico é obtida via técnicas de homogeneização de estruturas periódicas aplicadas à mudança a partir do modelo micromecânico composto por uma matriz poroelástica circundada por uma rede conexa de macroporos. Neste contexto o nosso principal resultado consiste na conjugação do modelo de suas escalas com a análise assintótica da formulação variacional do problema micromecânico posto no domínio da célula unitária periódica. Mostramos que esta combinação de técnicas fornece o decaimento dos núcleos de convolução das equações constitutivas homogeneizadas para as tensões efetivas da fase sólida e para a porosidade viscosa além de estabelecer a dependência constitutiva para o tempo de relaxação do processo de compactação secundária da matriz. Simulações numéricas são obtidas descretizando os problemas de célila locais via métoco de elementos finitos e ilustram as taxas de decaimento obtidas na análise

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:15:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marina Franca.pdf: 397719 bytes, checksum: 87474dea4a89b030e6f1d2c45406374a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In a country whose history is marked by significant social inequalities, the political culture in the social assistance area is strongly linked to a series of actions characterized by depoliticized forms of approach to social issues. As a consequence, in the trajectory of social assistance, charity and philanthropy were and still are, in many instances, significant actors. The current National Social Assistance Policy PNAS, introduces significant changes, committed to the attendance to the needs and rights of the population; we are, on the other hand, going through an historic period in which the advance of neoliberal policies opposes the realization of social policies under the responsibility of the State, which limits the possibility of advances in social attendance policies. Considering the trajectory of social assistance and the impasse mentioned above, the objective of this thesis is to learn and analyze the actions that are being implemented in the professional routine, as refers to attendance to families in the area of basic social protection since the implementation of the Unified Social Assistance System- SUAS. In order to achieve this objective we have chosen São Bernardo do Campo SBC, a municipality in the state of São Paulo where we exercise our activities as court social assistant / Num país cuja história é marcada por profundas desigualdades sociais, sua cultura política na área da assistência social é fortemente vinculada a um conjunto de ações que trazem no seu bojo formas despolitizadas de abordagem da questão social. Em consequência, na trajetória da assistência social, a caridade e a filantropia foram e, ainda por vezes são, figuras de destaque. A atual Política Nacional de Assistência Social - PNAS introduz mudanças significativas, comprometidas com o atendimento de necessidades e direitos da população, por outro lado, estamos vivenciando um período histórico em que o avanço da política neoliberal contrapõe-se à efetivação de políticas sociais sob responsabilidade do Estado, o que cerceia as possibilidades de avanços da política de assistência social. Considerando a trajetória da assistência social e o impasse acima referido, esta tese tem como meta conhecer e analisar as ações que estão acontecendo no cotidiano profissional, no que se refere ao atendimento às famílias no âmbito da proteção social básica, a partir da implantação do Sistema Único de Assistência Social SUAS. Para tanto escolhi São Bernardo do Campo SBC, município do estado de São Paulo, por atuar nessa Comarca como assistente social judiciária

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Augusta Martine.pdf: 5329253 bytes, checksum: 09169f6e791cf490a4525f6a33026795 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis describes a study of the deployment process of Reference Centers for Social Assistance (CRAS in Portuguese) in the city of Taboão da Serra, analyzing the objective and subjective conditions of the deployment process, from the viewpoint and perspective of the coordinators of CRAS, who in this case are all social workers, highlighting in the process the relationship with the ethical~political project of the category. This study provided a historical and conceptual approach of public social policies, especially social assistance, identifying the social policies in Taboão da Serra and emphasizing the implementation of the Unified System of Social Assistance and implantation of CRAS. The survey allowed us to know and analyze how was the process of deploying these CRAS, through the vision and the experience of theirs coordinators, allowing us to reflect on the effectiveness and reach of the implementation of the Unified System of Social Assistance in the city, as well as the relation of this process with the ethical-political project of social workers/coordinators. The preparation of this dissertation is a form of contribution to the debate about the deployment of CRAS, the role of its coordinators and the professional work of social workers in this role, understanding them as individuals who participate in this process / A presente dissertação de Mestrado apresenta um estudo do processo de implantação dos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social - CRAS no municipio de Taboão da Serra, analisando as condições objetivas e subjetivos desse processo de implantação, sob a Ética e perspectiva dos coordenadores do CRAS, que nesse caso são todos assistentes sociais, destacando ainda nesse processo a relação com o projeto ético-politico da categoria. Esse estudo possibilitou uma aproximação histórica e conceitual das politicas sociais públicas, especialmente a de Assistência Social, localizando as politicas sociais de Taboão da Serra e enfatizando a implementação do Sistema Unico de Assistência Social e implantação dos CRAS. A pesquisa realizada permitiu o conhecimento e a análise de como se deu o processo da implantação desses CRAS, através da visão e vivência dos coordenadores dos mesmos, permitindo refletir sobre a efetividade e abrangência da implementação do Sistema Unico de Assistência Social no municipio, bem como a relação desse processo com o projeto ético-politico dos assistentes sociais/coordenadores. A elaboração dessa dissertação é uma forma de contribuição para o debate sobre a implantação dos CRAS, o papel de seus coordenadores e o trabalho profissional dos assistentes sociais nessa função, entendendo-os como sujeitos que protagonizam esse processo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:15:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Helena Cariaga Silva.pdf: 808647 bytes, checksum: 7f3d4199e8ad994be96d0541710c1ae9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims to contribute to reflection on the particularity of the professional practice of social workers with families in the Centers of Social Assistance Reference Palmas Tocantins. The critical apprehension of the dialectical relationship with this particular the universality of the national proposal to set this area as expressed in legislation, and especially in public policy at the national level. The theoretical and methodological perspective of this apprehension was based on studies conducted by Georg Lukács on the dialectical universal social/ particular, constitutive of knowledge about a given reality. This perspective expresses a concept that is based on the social theory of Marx and his approach seeks to reconstruct in thought the whole - the multiple determinations - relating empirical reality with the structural conditions and their historical transformations partner. The research that led to the seizure of the peculiarity of the action taken in Palmas Tocantins had as its starting point the understanding of the social and historical formation of the State of Tocantins and its capital, Palmas, through desk research and interviews of characters significant in this story. The particularity of thumb was seized from the testimonies of professionals and observation of practices developed by social workers. This research revealed important aspects of the local modes that determine how the constitutional development and its proposals in terms of social welfare policies, expressed in PNAS and operationalized in the NOB-SUAS is appropriate. As the socio-economic, cultural and political region and the difficulties arising from lack of specific training of professionals, those norms and regulations related to the development of his work, expressed in the absence of a methodological proposal, operating effectively, with actions guided by clear goals / A presente tese visa contribuir para reflexão sobre a particularidade da prática profissional dos assistentes sociais com famílias nos Centros de Referência da Assistência Social de Palmas do Tocantins. Para tanto, realizou uma apreensão crítica da relação dialética dessa particularidade com a universalidade da proposta nacional definida para essa área, expressa na legislação e, principalmente, nas políticas públicas de nível nacional. A perspectiva teórico-metodológica dessa apreensão teve por referência os estudos realizados por Georg Lukàcs sobre a dialética universal/particular, constitutiva do saber sobre uma dada realidade social. Essa perspectiva expressa uma concepção que tem por base a teoria social de Marx e sua abordagem busca reconstituir no pensamento a totalidade - as múltiplas determinações relacionando a realidade empírica com as condições estruturais e suas transformações sócio históricas. A pesquisa que possibilitou a apreensão da particularidade da ação realizada em Palmas do Tocantins teve como ponto de partida a compreensão do processo de formação social e histórica do Estado do Tocantins e de sua capital, Palmas, por meio de pesquisa documental e de depoimentos de personagens significativos nessa história. A particularidade empírica foi apreendida a partir de depoimentos dos profissionais e da observação das práticas desenvolvidas pelos assistentes sociais. Essa pesquisa evidenciou aspectos importantes da realidade local que determinam os modos como os o avanços constitucionais e suas propostas em termos de políticas de assistência social, expressos na PNAS e operacionalizados na NOB-SUAS são apropriados. Como as características sócio-econômicas, culturais e políticas da região e as dificuldades resultantes da falta de capacitação específica dos profissionais, relacionadas àquelas normativas e regulações, para o desenvolvimento de seu trabalho, se expressam na ausência de uma proposta metodológico-operacional efetiva, com ações norteadas por objetivos claros

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:15:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Bortoleto Ortolani.pdf: 902037 bytes, checksum: ebaa4f622fa574b3451bca261599afbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study discusses the knowledge and understanding of the city managers about the NOB-SUAS/RH, as well about the difficulties and challenges encountered in the execution of the guidelines in the management of social assistence work at the municipal level. From the V National Conference on Social Welfare (2005), when it is approved the resolution on the NOB-RH, a human resources policy is now considered one of the main principles in the SUAS, along with decentralization, financing and social control. The improvement of working conditions enters in the agenda for discussion as a strategic issue for qualifying services socioassistenciais and for effectuation of SUAS. In this sense, the premise that guided this study was that the approval and publication of a document that sets directives for the establishment and management of teams of reference for the deployment of ITS represent a great advance and a first step to promote changes structuring but its realization requires a conjunction of efforts that must be performed and correspond to the current challenge. To understand these dynamics we consider the historical context, political and economic that historically influence and continues directly influencing the institutionalization of social assistance as a public policy of rights. The territorial dimension of this study favored the administrative region of the Regional Office of Social Assistance of Piracicaba, composed of 27 cities of São Paulo. For quantitative research, we applied questionnaires to all the cities that are part of the coverage area. In turn to qualitative research, we used an intentional sample, electing the directors of municipal social assistance policy from four cities of different sizes and levels of management, seeking to include a heterogeneous sample that would allow to verify to what extent they resemble the difficulties and the challenges faced by each of these managers. The obtained results in this investigative trajectory show that the efforts for the effecting of directives contained in the NOB-RH/Suas in the cities researched are still very incipient. The effective of these directives in NOB-RH/Suas is not an exclusive responsibility limited of cities and municipal managers of social assistance policy since its implementation depends on a combination of political efforts, financial and institutional capacities of each level of government, in view of the shared management of social assistance policy / Este estudo busca discutir o conhecimento e a compreensão dos gestores municipais sobre a Norma Operacional Básica de Recursos Humanos (NOB-RH/Suas), bem como sobre as dificuldades e os desafios encontrados na efetivação das diretrizes na gestão do trabalho da assistência social em âmbito municipal. A partir da V Conferência Nacional de Assistência Social (2005), quando é aprovada a deliberação relativa à NOB-RH/Suas, a política de recursos humanos passa a ser considerada um dos eixos estruturantes do Sistema Único da Assistência Social (Suas), ao lado da descentralização, do financiamento, e do controle social. A melhoria das condições de trabalho entra na pauta das discussões como uma estratégia para a qualificação dos serviços socioassistenciais e efetivação do Suas. Nesse sentido, a premissa que norteou este estudo foi a de que a aprovação e publicação de um documento que define diretrizes para a constituição e gestão das equipes de referência para a implantação do Suas representam um grande avanço e o primeiro passo para impulsionar mudanças estruturantes, porém, a sua efetivação exige uma conjunção de esforços que precisam ser realizados e correspondem ao desafio atual. Para compreender essa dinâmica, consideramos os contextos histórico, político e econômico que influenciaram e continuam influenciando diretamente a institucionalização da assistência social como política pública de direitos. A dimensão territorial deste estudo privilegiou a região administrativa da Diretoria Regional de Assistência Social (Drads) de Piracicaba, composta por 27 municípios do Estado de São Paulo. Para a pesquisa quantitativa, foram aplicados questionários para todos os municípios contidos nesta área de abrangência. Por sua vez, para a pesquisa qualitativa, utilizou-se uma amostra intencional, elegendo os gestores municipais da política de assistência social de quatro municípios, de diferentes portes e níveis de gestão, de forma a contemplar uma amostra heterogênea que possibilitasse verificar em que medida se assemelham as dificuldades e os desafios encontrados por esses gestores. Os resultados obtidos no percurso investigativo revelam que os esforços para a efetivação das diretrizes contidas na NOBRH/ Suas nos municípios pesquisados ainda são muito incipientes. A efetivação das diretrizes contidas na NOB-RH/Suas não é responsabilidade exclusiva dos municípios e dos gestores municipais da política de assistência social, pois sua concretização depende da conjunção de esforços políticos, financeiros e institucionais de cada uma das esferas de governo, na perspectiva da gestão compartilhada da política de assistência social