Doctorat en Santé Publique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

A presente pesquisa analisa a interlocução entre a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) e a Educação Especial, por meio da construção de narrativas associadas às trajetórias de vida de três jovens com deficiência, matriculados na EJA, na Rede Pública Estadual de Ensino do Rio Grande do Sul, em escolas localizadas no município de Porto Alegre. A partir dos pressupostos da metodologia de história oral, a entrevista aberta foi utilizada como instrumento de pesquisa, tendo, como foco principal, as trajetórias escolares desses sujeitos. Integram ainda as ações da pesquisa: a análise dos indicadores numéricos do Censo Escolar da Educação Básica (anos 2010 e 2011) referentes à Educação Especial na Rede Estadual de Ensino do RS; a visitação e a observação em quatro escolas estaduais que apresentam número elevado de matrículas de pessoas com deficiência na Educação de Jovens e Adultos; a pesquisa exploratória sobre as produções acadêmicas, envolvendo temáticas atinentes à pesquisa. A abordagem sistêmica do pensamento científico constitui os pilares de sustentação teórica desta pesquisa, prioritariamente, as investigações feitas pelos estudiosos Gregory Bateson e Humberto Maturana. Após a transcrição das entrevistas, foram identificados, como eixos para a análise, os processos de estigmatização do Eu; as relações interpessoais (o eu e o outro); os percursos de escolarização e as possibilidades de Ser dos sujeitos. A construção das narrativas foi aliada à discussão das concepções de memória e temporalidades e de identidades individuais e coletivas, a partir do diálogo com os pressupostos da metodologia de história oral e do pensamento sistêmico. A construção das narrativas possibilitou as seguintes considerações: a necessidade de olhar o jovem e o adulto com deficiência além de suas condições orgânicas e de vê-los como sujeitos que têm possibilidades amplas e singulares de viver e aprender e que estas são afetadas pelo contexto social em que estão inseridos; o entendimento de que as trajetórias humanas dos jovens e adultos com deficiência, influenciadas pela cultura e pela linguagem, mostram que as necessidades e anseios desses jovens estão muito próximos das necessidades e anseios dos jovens do grupo social do qual fazem parte; a observação da importância atribuída pelos sujeitos aos processos de comunicação que lhes permitam desenvolver a relação de pertencimento e a participação social; a afirmação da influência dos processos estigmatizadores na restrição das possibilidades desses sujeitos, tanto na dimensão individual como na coletiva; a percepção do fracasso escolar como marca no percurso de escolarização desses sujeitos, reafirmando a constatação histórica de que o ensino exclusivamente especializado não tem cumprido o papel de ser uma etapa transitória na vida desses alunos; da repetição, no ensino comum, de estratégias que indicam a suposta incapacidade desses sujeitos e que são visíveis a partir da configuração de “arranjos escolares”, como a oferta da EJA no turno diurno; a premência de políticas públicas que confiram visibilidade à reflexão e à ação sobre a oferta do Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) para jovens e adultos com deficiência; a necessidade de potencializar o diálogo entre as áreas da Educação Especial e da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, para o enfrentamento coletivo e multidisciplinar das situações desafiadoras que se apresentam. / This study analyzes the interlocution between Education of Young Adults and Adults (EJA) and Special Education through the construction of narratives associated with the life trajectories of three young people with disabilities enrolled in the EJA program of the Public Education Network of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in schools located in the city of Porto Alegre. From the assumptions of the oral history methodology, the open interview was used as a research tool, focusing mainly on the school trajectories of these subjects. The following actions are also part of this research: the analysis of numeric indicators of the Basic Education Census (2010 and 2011) regarding Special Education in schools of the public education network of the State of RS; visitations and observations carried out in four state schools with a high number of enrollments of people with disabilities in the EJA program, and exploratory research of the academic work related to this theme. The systemic approach of the scientific thought constitutes the theoretical pillar of this research, particularly the investigations conducted by the scholars Gregory Bateson and Humberto Maturana. After the transcription of the interviews, the following items were identified as axis for the analysis: the processes of stigmatization of the self; interpersonal relationships (the self and others); the paths of schooling and the possibilities of being of the subject. The construction of narratives was linked to the discussion of the concepts of memory and temporality and of individual and collective identities, based on dialog, with the assumptions of the oral history methodology and systems thinking. The construction of narratives allowed the following considerations: the necessity of looking beyond the organic conditions of young adults and adults with disabilities and of seeing them as individuals with extensive and unique opportunities to live and learn, affected by the social context in which they are inserted; the understanding that the human trajectories of young adults and adults with disabilities, influenced by culture and language, shows that their needs and desires are closely related to the needs and aspirations of the young people of the social group to which they belong; the observation of the importance attributed by the subjects to the communication processes which enable them to develop a belonging relationship and social interaction; the assertion of the influence of the stigmatizing processes in restricting the possibilities of these subjects, both in the individual and the collective dimensions; the perception of school failure as a stain in the education processes of the subjects, reaffirming the historical finding that the exclusively specialized education has not fulfilled the role of transitory stage in the life of these students; the repetition, in the common education, of strategies indicating the supposed inability of these subjects, visible from the setting of “arranging school” such as the EJA day shift; the urgency of public policies giving visibility to the reflection and the action on the provision of Specialized Care Education (AEE) for young adults and adults with disabilities; the necessity to strength the dialogue between the areas of Special Education and Education of Young Adults and Adults, to the collective and multidisciplinary confrontation of the challenging situations. / Este estudio analiza la interacción entre la Educación para Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA) y La Educación Especial, a través de la construcción de narrativas basadas en experiencias de vida de 3 jóvenes con discapacidad, matriculados en la educación para adultos, en la Red Estatal de Educación Pública de Rio Grande do Sul, en escuelas ubicadas en la ciudad de Porto Alegre. Partiendo de los presupuestos contemplados en la metodología de la historia oral, se utilizó la entrevista abierta como una herramienta de investigación, con el objetivo principal de alcanzar a las trayectorias escolares de estos sujetos. Integran también esta investigación: análisis de los datos numéricos de la Educación Básica (2010 y 2011), relacionados con la Educación Especial en las escuelas públicas de Rio Grande do Sul; visitas y observación de cuatro escuelas públicas que cuentan con gran número de inscripciones de personas con discapacidad en la Educación para Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA); investigación exploratoria sobre las producciones académicas, relacionadas con el tema de la investigación. El enfoque sistémico de pensamiento científico se constituye como pilar teórico de este estudio, especialmente, el presente en las investigaciones realizadas por los estudiosos Gregory Bateson e Humberto Maturana. Después de transcribir las entrevistas, fueron identificados, como ejes para el análisis, los procesos de estigmatización de identidad; relaciones interpersonales (yo y el otro) la trayectoria y las posibilidades de ser del sujeto. La construcción de narrativas se alió a un debate sobre los conceptos de memoria y de la temporalidad y de las identidades individuales y colectivas, desde la integración con los presupuestos de la metodología de la historia oral y el pensamiento sistémico. La construcción de narrativas possibilitó las siguientes consideraciones: la necesidad de mirar a los jóvenes y adultos con discapacidad más allá de sus condiciones orgánicas; verlos como personas que tienen amplias oportunidades de vivir y aprender, y que estas están afectadas por el entorno en que se insertan; la comprensión de que las trayectorias personales de los jóvenes y adultos con discapacidad, influenciadas por la cultura y el lenguaje, muestra que las necesidades y los deseos de estos jóvenes están muy cerca de las necesidades y aspiraciones de los jóvenes del grupo social al que pertenecen; la observación de la importancia atribuida por los sujetos a los procesos de comunicación que les permitan desarrollar una relación de pertenencia y participación social; la afirmación de la influencia de los procesos de estigma en la restricción de las posibilidades de estas personas, tanto en la vida escolar de estos individuos, lo que ratifica la conclusión histórica de que la educación discriminada no ha alcanzado su objetivo de ser una etapa transitoria en la vida de estos estudiantes; la repetición en la enseñanza, de estrategias comunes, que indican una presunción de incapacidad de estos sujetos, y que son identificables desde la concepción de la “organización escolar”, como el ejemplo de la oferta de la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos en el turno diurno, la urgencia de políticas públicas que den visibilidad a la reflexión y a la acción sobre la oferta de Atención Educacional Especializada (AEE) para jóvenes y adultos con discapacidad; la necesidad de fortalecer el diálogo entre las áreas de Educación Especial y Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos, para enfrentamiento colectivo y multidisciplinar contra los desafíos que se presentan.

Since the dawn of humanity design has influenced human life. Today, facing the depletion of the socio-ecological system, increasing complex problems threaten humanity’s existence. Design has been a contributor to creating such problems, yet with appropriate tools can become a source for solutions. Design Thinking (DT) was identified as a possible approach that could contribute to Strategic Sustainable Development (SSD). The purpose of this thesis is to examine potential contributors and hindrances of the DT process with regards to SSD, and create a prototype for an integrated process that could help achieve more strategic and sustainable outcomes. With the use of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) as a lens to examine the above, along with interviews, Action Research and expert feedback, an integrated process was created. Results of the interviews and FSSD analysis helped shape two prototypes that were examined through the mentioned methods. It was indicated by participants of the Action Research and by experts that the prototype could help reach a strategic and sustainable outcome, and further refinement should be pursued. The final prototype is presented as part of the discussion, suggesting additional tools and actions that if included could create a possible Sustainable DT (SDT) process.

Human society as a whole has a reached a tipping point in its relationship with the socio-ecological systems upon which it depends. All sectors of society need to be involved in addressing this crucial challenge through a raised awareness of the issues and pro-active solutions to it. This research focuses on small urban towns and cities, where half the world’s urban population lives, and looks at the ways in which local government in these key areas can play an active role in leading sustainability through education and training. Municipalities and communities that use the framework for strategic sustainable development (FSSD) were investigated, and the conditions were identified that helped and hindered training to be really effective. Effective training, in its many forms, was found to be essential in fomenting a common language of sustainability, engaging the community, and bringing concerted strategic actions that together could foster a culture of sustainability. / <p>jpbaronb@yahoo.co.uk, rifat.pal@gmail.com, quynhvan86@gmail.com</p>

At frequent intervals, new reports and papers are published stressing the importance of high quality and quality improvement measures in the public and private sector if Sweden is to survive as a welfare state and industrial nation. The situation seems not to be unique for Sweden: similar opinions can be heard in other parts of the world as well. In the 21st century, consumers and citizens should be provided with continuously improved quality at a lower cost, otherwise businesses are likely to go bankrupt and politicians may lose the trust of the people. Quality is, thus, a word that is used persistently by people in power and the social commentators of today. From this perspective, it might seem fitting that quality, quality management (QM), total quality management (TQM) and other closely related terminologies are well defined, to make possible constructive dialogue that will culminate in effective action. This is often not the case, which is why vision statements, campaigns and other quality improvement measures risk falling short before they are even launched. With this background, the purpose of this thesis is to facilitate fruitful dialogue by examining QM-research and how trends, terminologies and research focus have shifted over time. By increasing the understanding of how QM-research has evolved it is also possible to create a coherent overview which hopefully can help to reduce confusion and polarisation amongst scholars and practitioners. In this way, it might be possible to increase the number of successful quality improvement measures as well as to lay the foundations for sustainable and system-wide quality improvement actions in society at large. The thesis is based on three studies, of which the first is looking into conference proceedings from one of the globally most prominent scientific conferences on quality – the QMOD-ICQSS conference. The two subsequent studies use abstracts from three of the top ranked scientific journals dealing with quality - International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, Total Quality Management Journal and Total Quality Management &amp; Business Excellence. All studies have been conducted according to text mining methodology, which entails usage of statistical tools in the form of hard- and software for data collection, modelling and analysis. The approach is exploratory and previously not verified with this purpose, which is why the three studies offer unique perspectives on the research field, at the same time as new methodological tools and approaches are investigated and tested. Through the studies it is possible to show occurrence of trends in research alignment as well as in publication design and popularity. The studies also identify central, perpetual, topics around which the research has been concentrated. These topics indicate that the research field, in spite of momentary trends and fashions, rests on a firm foundation regarding problem definition and approaches to solve them. Finally, a model is presented which summarizes the perspectives and outsets which distinguish QM and make it a research field in its own right. / Regelbundet publiceras det nya rapporter och artiklar där vikten av hög kvalitet liksom kvalitetsförbättrande åtgärder inom offentlig och privat sektor lyfts fram som oumbärliga för att Sverige ska överleva som välfärds- och näringslivsnation. Situationen tycks inte vara unik för Sverige, likande tongångar hörs även i andra delar av världen. På 2000-talet ska konsumenter och medborgare tillhandahållas ständigt förbättrad kvalitet till lägre kostnad, annars går företag i konkurs och politiska företrädare förlorar folkets förtroende. Kvalitet är alltså ett ord som används flitigt av dagens makthavare och samhällsdebattörer. Utifrån detta perspektiv kan det anses angeläget att kvalitet, kvalitetsutveckling, kvalitetsarbete och andra närbesläktade ord är väl definierade för att möjliggöra konstruktiv dialog som mynnar ut i verkningsfulla insatser. Så är dock ofta inte fallet - varför visioner, kampanjer och andra kvalitetsförbättrande initiativ riskerar att faller till korta innan de ens hunnit lanseras. Med denna bakgrund, är syftet med avhandlingen att underlätta givande diskussioner genom att närmare belysa forskningsfältet kvalitetsteknik, eller Quality Management (QM), och hur trender, termer och forskningsfokus har växlat över tid. Genom att öka förståelsen för forskningens utveckling över tid kan även en sammanhängande översikt skapas, vilka tillsammans förhoppningsvis kan bidra till att minska den förvirring och polarisering som råder både inom akademi liksom praktik. Därigenom kanske det är möjligt att öka mängden lyckade kvalitetssatsningar liksom att lägga grunden för ett långsiktigt hållbart och systemövergripande kvalitetsarbete i samhället i överlag. Avhandlingen baseras på tre studier, varav den första har tittat närmare på konferensbidrag från en av världens idag ledande forskningskonferenser om kvalitet – QMOD-ICQSS konferensen. De två senare studierna behandlar sammanfattningar från tre av de högst rankade forskningstidskrifterna med fokus på kvalitet – International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, Total Quality Management Journal och Total Quality Management &amp; Business Excellence. Samtliga studier har utformats enligt text-mining metodik, vilket medför att statistiska hjälpmedel i form av hård och mjukvara har använts för datainsamling, modellering och analys. Angreppssättet är explorativt och tidigare ej beprövat i ovanstående syfte varför de tre studierna erbjuder unika perspektiv på forskningsområdet samtidigt som nya metodologiska verktyg och arbetssätt utforskats och utvärderats. Genom studierna går det att påvisa förekomsten av trender i forskningsinriktningar liksom i publikationernas utformning och popularitet. Studierna identifierar även centrala, återkommande teman kring vilka forskningen koncentrerats. Dessa teman indikerar att forskningsområdet, trots tillfälliga trender och moden, vilar på en stadigvarande grund gällande problemformuleringar och ansatser att lösa dessa. Slutligen presenteras en modell som sammanfattar de perspektiv och utgångspunkter som utmärker kvalitetstekniken (QM) och som gör det till ett forskningsområde i sin egen rätt. / <p>Vid tidpunkten för framläggandet av avhandlingen var följande delarbeten opublicerade: delarbete B accepterat för publicering och delarbete C inskickat.</p><p>At the time of the licentiate defence the following papers were unpublished: paper B accepted for publication and paper C submitted.</p>

The main goal of this work is the application of system thinking in computer networks design and use of the systems thinking as a unique way of thinking and the presentation of the big potential which the systems thinking has in complex problem solving. Advanced network technologies are also described with their benefits for any organization. This thesis brings a whole new sight at the computer networks as a complex system and describes procedure of making a computer project in detail which can be used as a general reference model in the field of computer technologies. Solution include strong accent on how the basic knowledge of computer networking is important for information manager profession.

China has adopted Sustainable Development as a national strategy for all industries. In civil construction sector, sustainability is regarded as the development of Green Building in China. Since 2000, China has introduced a series of policies and laws to promote Green Building. Green Building was defined as buildings that are “energy-efficient, land-efficient, water-efficient, and material-efficient” and emit “minimal pollution” in during its entire life cycle, and meets a specified standard for indoor environment at the same time. However, energy efficiency is the central issue of current Green Building development in China, while issues of resources and pollution are neglected, which is partly due to China’s energy structure. Social and economic aspects are also always ignored. The main aim of this thesis is to map pathways towards more comprehensive frameworks for how residential areas in China could be constructed in a more sustainable way in hot –summer and cold-winter area. Case study was the main method used to examine the specifications of Green Residential Building in China. This paper offers a general overview of the current green trend in China and presents a specific analysis on three cases to search for the proper approach for China’s unique situation by three specific cases representing three types of Green Building: Modern Vernacular Architecture, Eco-office and Mass-housing, according to their features in scale, location and function. This paper then presents a specific integrated sustainability analysis of the Landsea Housing Project in Nanjing, a hot-summer/cold-winter zone. Hammarby Sjöstad, a cutting edge project in Stockholm, is also discussed as a reference area from which experiences can be drawn for China. The aim was to improve the framework for construction of residential buildings in China in a more sustainable way, from energy efficiency to integrated sustainability. The paper also discusses the relationship between the economic growth and energy consumption in the fast-growing situation, presents several scenarios depicting energy and comfort and makes suggestions for China. The roles of government, developers and residents are also addressed. The paper argues that an adaptive and holistic approach, which must be expanded from both spatial scale and temporal span, should be established for the Green Residential Building development in China, as an effective way to meet the sustainability goal. / QC 20101013

In the period from 2009-2020, South Africa has witnessed the rise of "lawfare". Lawfare is understood as the judicialisation of politics - turning to the courts and the use of the law to resolve broadly political matters. This thesis explores the unfolding implications of the judicialisation of politics for judicial legitimacy. In the displacement of the political into the judicial the reach of the courts is expanded and the legitimacy of courts engaging in a "political" role is questioned. Situated in the field of judicial-political dynamics, the interplay between law and politics is observed through the adoption of a historical-institutionalist model. This thesis identifies the causes of the judicialisation of politics and then traces its consequences for broader constitutional stability and the impact on the judicial institution. Guidelines for the Court to navigate lawfare to achieve institutional resilience and maintain judicial legitimacy are then proposed. Judicialisation of politics is caused primarily through the failures of the other branches of government to fulfil their assigned constitutional role. Institutional imbalance in a dominant party democracy means that opposition parties and civil society organisations are left with little recourse but to appeal to the Court to be a constitutional bulwark. The Court is then compelled to step into the breach and fill the accountability vacuum. In identifying the causes of judicialisation, a fuller understanding of Lawfare emerges, expanding current scholarship beyond its traditionally abusive characterisation. It posits a duality to Lawfare in that it can be both an abuse of law and a last line of defence. Through observing the judicial political interactions, a trajectory from the judicialisation of politics to the politicisation of law is mapped. The politicisation of law sees political power refocused on the courts, exposing them to political aggression and attack by the dominant party. The judicialisation of politics that seeks accountability from recalcitrant political actors asks much of the courts, at a time when ensuring executive oversight is the most dangerous, because of the ease with which a hostile executive in a dominant party democracy can implement measures that may undermine the independence of the judiciary. The Constitutional Court has shown a remarkable ability to navigate this era of Lawfare, remaining resolute under fire. However, the more successful the Court is in holding the line against executive abuse of power, the more the judicial route is identified as a powerful weapon to achieve more abusive political objectives. The relationship between Lawfare and legitimacy is identified as a wicked problem that demands expanding boundaries to observe the courts influence on the political environment, and the political environment's influence on the judicial role and its legitimacy. Through advancing a multi-dimensional paradigm of judicial legitimacy, the dialectics of judicial legitimacy are shown to be aggravated by the judicialisation of politics. In this respect it is argued that where the foundations and assumptions on which legitimacy is predicated shift, legitimacy must be re-examined. It is therefore argued that in a culture marked by an impunified disregard of non-judicial regulatory enforcement and increasing non-compliance with judicial orders, the impulse to preserve legitimacy through a detached, formalist stance will not be sufficient. Judicial legitimacy must be relocated in the ability of the Court to be responsive. Pulled into the role of judicial statesmanship, the Court must adopt a robust approach to assertively uphold the rule of law. In tracking the unfolding consequences of the judicialisation of politics, the Court is asked to resolve matters beyond its institutional capabilities. Absent the normative commitment to the rule of law, the internationalisation of constitutional norms, and the political interest to implement remedial orders, the Court is unable to effect workable relief. In tracing the dangers of the continued trend of Lawfare, the thesis sketches a downward spiral of reputational strength of the Court and a decline in democratic responsibility. This leads to an inability to achieve effective reform that ends in disenchantment, questioning the faith placed in the Constitution. It depicts how the Constitutional Court as 'constitutional saviour' can unravel into constitutional blame. The Constitutional Court has been able to hold the line in this era of Lawfare and repel assaults on its integrity and efforts to undermine its independence. However, without a broader culture of commitment to the rule of law, civil education and a suffusion of constitutional responsibility beyond the judiciary, the Court will not be able to continue to shoulder the weight of what is asked of it. This research depicts a circular model of Lawfare and legitimacy, where Lawfare is predicated on judicial legitimacy, but an overreliance on Lawfare will destroy judicial legitimacy.

This diploma thesis combines the method of monitoring the social impact with the phenomenon of the credibility of non-profit organizations. According to the results of public opinion polls in the Czech Republic, confidence in non-profit organizations has been low for a long time. Lack of transparency and low awareness of the activities and principles of non- profit organizations can be reasons for distrust in non-profit organizations. This thesis aims to present a method of monitoring the impact of those who do not yet know it using a manual based on the results of action research and thus contribute to greater transparency and better presentation of results and later greater credibility of organizations. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with trust and credibility, the method of monitoring the impact and the introduction of the non-profit sector of the Czech Republic. Emphasis is placed on a multi-sided view, practical examples, and data support. The empirical part of this work uses action research and human-centerd design to connect trust and credibility with the method of monitoring the impact in the sphere of non-profit organizations. The result of action research is that the implementation of the impact monitoring method brings with it many changes, which can be distinguished into...

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