Over the past century, capitalism has dominated as the socioeconomic system. While profit-centric companies drive global innovation, they often focus on short-term profits, disregarding the broader context. Research suggests that proactive quality improvement, coupled with precise goal setting, enhances corporate performance and aligns strategies within the company. This study explores methods for enhancing goal setting within a medium-sized Swedish firm, offering a blueprint for implementation. The study has a normative approach and utilizes qualitative semi-structured interviews alongside quantitative elements. Insights from interviews underscored the need for enhanced communication, modified goal setting at departmental and individual levels, and clearly defined, measurable KPIs to ensure efforts towards clear objectives. The Balanced Scorecard appears as a valuable tool for translating vision and strategy into actionable objectives and KPIs. The Balanced Scorecard can monitor across financial, customer, process, and learning perspectives, all connected to the organization's vision and strategy. / Under det senaste århundradet har kapitalism dominerat som det socioekonomiska systemet. Även om företag med vinstintresse bidrar till den globala innovationskraften, så fokuserar de ofta på kortsiktiga resultat, i stället för att fokusera på den holistiska bilden, företagets aktiviteter eller systemkomponenterna. Studier visar att implementering av offensiv kvalitetsutveckling med en tydlig måldelning ökar företagsprestanda och hjälper företag förankra målsättningarna med företagets strategi och affärsplan. Fallstudien undersöker därför hur ett svenskt medelstort företag kan förbättra sin måldelning. Dessutom presenteras ett implementeringsförslag till fallstudieobjektet som de kan använda som inspiration för att initiera dialog. Metoden applicerar ett normativt förhållningssätt, vilket innebär att studien är vägledande och datainsamlingsmetoden inriktade sig på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer, med kvantitativa inslag, med en hög grad av standardisering.  Intervjumaterialet motiverade bland annat att det finns en önskan om förbättrad kommunikation, tydligare och mer anpassade mål på avdelnings- och individnivå, samt bättre definierade och mätbara nyckeltal. Detta för att garantera att hela organisationen arbetar mot gemensamma övergripande mål. Ett verktyg som skulle kunna hjälpa till att bryta ner vision och strategi till målsättningar och nyckeltal är balanserade styrkort. Styrkort utvecklar, visualiserar och tillser nyckeltal i måldelningsprocessen. Balanserade styrkort används för att styra verksamheten genom att mäta prestationer inom fyra olika områden: det finansiella perspektivet, kundperspektivet, processperspektivet och lärandeperspektivet. Dessa perspektiv är sammanlänkade genom att de alla baseras på organisationens vision och strategi.

In this study an ecosystematic approach to sports coaching is forwarded. This approach is illustrated using the analogy of an ecology of ideas. Ideas informing the life span of a coach within an elite team are explored. The researcher engaged four subjects in conversations the life span of a coach in an elite team. these conversations are viewed as co-constructions of realities. The coach abides within a team for a limited time. he or she enters an existing ecology of ideas, which can contribute to, or detract from, the efficacy of the coach in a team. This ecology of ideas evolves as aold meanings shift and new meanings emerge. These menings are explored in this disertation. An awareness of the ecology of ideas within a team can inform the coach to perturb the ecology of ideas in a direction that is mutually qualified as successful / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical psychology)

This dissertation explores the construction and experience of the sports champion's reality. In studying reality and its construction, I became familiar with, the post-modern perspective of reality and with theories such as systems theory, cybernetics, radical constructivism and social constructionism, which fall under the post-modern epistemological umbrella. The dissertation gives an exposition of my journey through this maze of theories, from a position of "knowing" how champions are made towards a more complex position of uncertainty and possibility. This is followed by an account of the qualitative research that I undertook, within a social constructionist framework, in which I used thematic discourse analysis. Finally, I interpret the discourses emerging from the analysis in order to demonstrate their operation or effect in the construction of a champion's reality. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

In this study, hypnotic analgesia in obstetrics is explained in terms of ecosystemic thinking, as opposed to traditional conceptualisations of hypnosis. Five case studies were used. Each case is described in detail, as well as the therapeutic rationale behind each case, in order to present the reader with an understanding for the thinking behind the doing of ecosystemic hypnotherapy. The study utilises a new paradigm approach to research which is explained and is in keeping with ecosystemic epistemology. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

隨著全球化的發展，廿一世紀的國際安全情勢更為錯綜複雜，其中「恐怖攻擊」具備成本低、效果高、機動性強的條件，讓恐怖攻擊行動沒有時間、空間的限制，亦無道德、規範的侷限，此種全然改變戰爭本質的非傳統型態戰爭行為，儼然已成為危害國際社會發展與人類生存的一種新形態危機。 今日國際社會所要面對的「恐怖攻擊」危機，是由人為所誘發的危機。受到不同社會系統內政治、文化、經濟、種族、宗教等因素相對之間的動態性互動影響，使得危機的源頭更趨向於多元與複雜，因此，若能及早偵知危機預將發生或能判明引爆危機的原由，對於危機管理甚有助益。 針對「動態性複雜」問題，Peter M. Senge發展一套源自於系統動力學的「系統思考」途徑，透過「資訊回饋」的特性，由整體思考方式與觀察環狀因果的互動關係，能看出一再重複發生的結構型態，釐清複雜事件背後運作的簡單結構，並經由模式設計改善組織及工作指導準則。 研究發現，在危機管理的系統思考途徑中，事件層次的反應式作為僅能有限度地預防危機與處理危機；行為變化型態層次的順應變動中的趨勢，能從變動趨勢中警覺危機、發現危機與危機處理，若要全方位預防危機、有效危機處理以避免後遺，就必須從系統結構層次的觀點著手，改造行為的變化型態。 依據九一一事件的分析，人為所誘發危機的關鍵在於「人」，以及「人與人的互動關係」，爭奪的重點就在「利益」，也就是「得」與「失」之間；恐怖主義濫殺無辜，不可原諒也不可寬容，但另一方面，反恐政策也不應如美國政府在九一一事件後「擴張軍武、推銷軍售、共同發展武器」等作為就可以達成。 美、英等強權國家在探討反恐策略為何失敗、譴責恐怖攻擊手段兇殘之際，是否也應該反省文明衝突與族群對立的源頭，以及阿富汗、伊拉克人民的死傷慘狀，以及在其他地方所發生的殺戮與飢餓問題，才能避免強權國家一意孤行的後果，由全球的無辜者共同承擔。同時，基於地球的資源有限，如何和平共處、分享資源，才是遠離「人為誘發危機」的最佳方法。 / Following the development of globalization, the international security situation of 21st century becomes more complicated. The "terror attack" has the conditions of low cost, high effect, and high mobility, which make the terrorist no limitation of time and space and no restriction of moral and norm. The kind of non-traditional type warfare behavior completely changes the nature of war. That solemnly becomes the new type crisis to endanger the development of international community and the existence of human being. Today’s international community should face the "terror attack" crisis which is brought out by mankind. The factors of politics, culture, economy, race, and religion of different kind of community systems have relatively dynamic interaction effect which makes the crisis origin trend to more diverse and complicated. For this reason, if we can early detect the cause of the crisis, when and where, it will be very helpful for crisis management. Being aimed at "dynamic complexity", Peter M. Senge developed the "systems thinking" approach from systematic dynamics which goes through the characteristic of "information feedback" from the interaction of integrated thought manner and observed circle effect, and find out the repeated configuration to clear the back performance of simple structure of complicated event, and improve the guidelines of organization and work by mode design. Findings discover that during the approach of systems thinking of crisis management, event-arrangement behavior can only limitedly prevent from crisis and handle crisis. The variation-orientated trend of behavior variation arrangement can watch crisis, discover crisis, and handle crisis from variation trend. If someone wants to dimensionally prevent crisis, effectively handle crisis and avoid sequela, he should do it from the viewpoint of systematic constructive arrangement and to change the behavior variation type. According the 911 analysis, the key point of man-made crisis is "man", and the key point of argument from "interaction of the men" is "benefit", which is between "to gain" and "to lose". The terrorism causes the death of innocence, which can not be forgiven. But in the other side, counter-terrorist policy should not be achieved by "arms drive, promoting military sale, and mutually developing weapons", provided from US government after 9/11. When the powerful states, such as US, UK, probe into failure of counter-terrorist policy and condemn the cruel measure of terrorist attack, they should make themselves-examination of the fountainhead of civilization conflict and clan confrontation, and the casualty of Afghanistan and Irapi, and the slaughter and starvation of other places. Considering those things, we can avoid the result of powerful state doing, which put on the innocence of the world. At the same time, based on the limited resources of the earth, the best way to keep off "man-made crisis" is to live peace and to share resources.

What usually goes unaddressed in the consultancy literature is an exploration of how consultants make sense of their contributions in particular when they come to work in politically laden contexts. Resulting conflictual debates with clients and colleagues severely influence how their advice is responded to. Against this background, consultants’ ability to determine and predict future outcomes of their work is hardly problematized. Additionally, consultants are mutually dependent on both colleagues and clients. This dependency underpins power differentials and the struggle which arises when these are contested can often take violent forms, such as misrecognition, humiliation or public shaming. The central argument put forward in this thesis is that tolerating (the potential for) misrecognition and/or for violence when goals are not met or when power fluctuates is an important, yet rarely mentioned, aspect for being recognized as a consultant. These aspects deserve as much attention as the often ideal-typical forms management consulting is said to take in the mainstream management literature because they speak to the irremediably incomplete and rather probabilistic nature of consultants’ advice, and the multiplicity of (often not anticipated or undesired) meanings their work evokes. In order to make sense of the flux and flow of organizational activity, the plethora of responses such activity calls out and its attendant ambiguities are considered and critically reflected upon. The theory of complex responsive processes of relating (Stacey, 2007, 2010; Griffin, 2002; Shaw, 2002), theories of recognition, (Honneth, 1994, 2008; Kearney, 2003; Ricoeur, 2005), Hegelian dialectics and neo-pragmatist thought (Bernstein, 1983, 1991) are provided as non-orthodox views on human organizing. A perspective is proffered which pays attention to the inchoate, ambivalent and indeterminate dimensions of organizing as a way to make sense of how these simultaneously and paradoxically order, regularize, and normalize human activity. Particular attention will be paid to negotiations which take place in microinteractions to exemplify that it is not pre-planned human cooperation but the intermingling of intentions of people who are mutually dependent on one another which paradoxically gives rise to regular population-wide patterns and spontaneous change. To make sense of what these insights mean for a practising consultant a view is offered where our reflections (thought) on our interactions (practice) at once form and are being formed by one another. An attempt is made to move beyond the practice/theory dualism by taking a pragmatist view which claims that thought and action only ever arise together, thus rendering an understanding of consultative intervention in which thought comes before action idealized and rather dubious. It will be argued that the most important contribution consultants can make is to try to stay radically open, and to try to keep on exploring as long as possible the multiplicity of narratives which constitute the differing perspectives of organizational reality.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:05:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente pesquisa volta-se ao estudo de perdas não técnicas de distribuição de energia elétrica, visando a proposição de um plano estruturado de ações para atenuação do problema a partir de um método que alia as abordagens de Pensamento Sistêmico e Planejamento por Cenários (PSPC) e do Processo de Pensamento da Teoria das Restrições (PP TOC). Para tanto, será adotada a pesquisa-ação, através das etapas de exploração, pesquisa aprofundada, ação e avaliação. O referencial teórico necessário para a realização da pesquisa aborda os temas Perdas Não Técnicas de energia elétrica, Pensamento Sistêmico, Planejamento por Cenários, Método PSPC e Processo de Pensamento da Teoria das Restrições. O plano de ação obtido resulta de uma visão compreensiva da realidade estudada e de uma abordagem estruturada para a atenuação de perdas não técnicas no contexto abordado. As ações resultantes foram analisadas e a avaliação dos resultados atingidos com a pesquisa foi realizada de forma qualitativa por meio de entrevistas a três / This research turns to the study of non-technical losses in electricity distribution, aimed at proposing a structured plan of action to reduce the problem from a method that combines the approaches of Systems Thinking and Planning Scenarios(PSPC) and Thinking Process of the Theory of Constraints (PP TOC). To do so, will be adopted action research, through the stages of exploration, deep research, action and evaluation. The theoretical framework necessary for carrying out the research addresses the issues non-technical losses of electricity, Systems Thinking, Planning Scenarios, PSPC Method and Thinking Process of the Theory of Constraints. The plan of action obtained results from a comprehensive view of reality studied and a structured approach to the mitigation of non-technical losses to the context discussed. The actions were analyzed and the evaluation of the results achieved by the research was conducted qualitatively through interviews with three distinct audiences: the multidisciplinary team involved in

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-05T13:48:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Sperling Trapp.pdf: 2436697 bytes, checksum: e28516dbd4b7d9f11a41310b229ce39a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-05T13:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Sperling Trapp.pdf: 2436697 bytes, checksum: e28516dbd4b7d9f11a41310b229ce39a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-05 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O mercado de geração de energia está em contínua expansão no Brasil. Este mercado é formado por diferentes fontes de geração de energia, as quais acarretam diferentes impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais atreladas as suas operações. Estes impactos geram externalidades na forma de dano para a sociedade e a compensação destes não é de consenso comum entre os atores envolvidos. Neste sentido, a presente dissertação busca, através da aplicação do método do pensamento sistêmico, criar um modelo computacional de dinâmica de sistemas que possibilite a avaliação do custo sistêmico total, considerando as externalidades sociais econômicas e ambientais da geração de energia. Para este fim foi aplicada uma adaptação do método do PSPC - Pensamento Sistêmico e Planejamento por Cenários. Na primeira fase, gerou-se um entendimento maior sobre a temática; em seguida,realizou-se a construção do modelo computacional; e, posteriormente, o modelo foi aplicado a três usinas reais a fim de se fazer uma avaliação da inserção da energia eólica frente a substituição das fontes hidroelétrica e termoelétrica a carvão. Os resultados obtidos apresentaram uma evolução no entendimento na comparação do real custo da energia para sociedade, devido ao aprendizado proporcionado pela utilização do pensamento sistêmico em conjunto com a modelagem dinâmica de sistemas. Os dados encontrados também apontaram para uma mudança nas decisões sobre a matriz energética, se adotado um custo sistêmico para avaliação de novos projetos. / The power generation market still expanding in Brazil. This market consists of different sources of power generation, which cause different socioeconomic and environmental impacts besides its operations. These impacts generate externalities in the form of damage to society and the compensation of these are not common consensus among stakeholders. In this way, this thesis research through the application of systems thinking method, create a computer model of systems dynamic that enable the evaluation of the total systemic cost, considering the externalities of power generation. To this end was applied an adaptation of the method PSPC - Systems Thinking and Planning for Scenarios. In the first phase was generate a greater understanding on the subject. After there was the construction of the computational model, and finally the model was applied to three real plants in order to assessment the option of wind energy against replacement of hydroelectric sources and thermal coal. The results showed an evolution in understanding the comparison of the real cost of energy to society due to the learning provided by the use of systems thinking in conjunction with the systems dynamic modeling. The data also pointed to a change in decisions about energy matrix, if adopted a total systemic cost for evaluation of new projects.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-12-22T15:47:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Girotto Nuncio_.pdf: 9015441 bytes, checksum: ba36ba65e33dd26150cf94e964a158aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T15:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Girotto Nuncio_.pdf: 9015441 bytes, checksum: ba36ba65e33dd26150cf94e964a158aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-28 / Nenhuma / No atual contexto de ambientes complexos, competitivos e dinâmicos, estratégia é um tema amplamente estudado nas organizações e academias. No entanto, há poucos estudos sobre desdobramento e implementação da estratégia em si, bem como sobre a eficácia de sua implementação. Este estudo propõe a investigação dos principais fatores causadores das discrepâncias entre os objetivos do planejamento estratégico e o resultado obtido ao final da execução do plano. Dessa forma, objetiva estudar os fatores considerados como críticos para o processo de desdobramento. Para tal investigação, a pesquisa utiliza os artifícios do pensamento sistêmico para analisar as relações causais que há entre as variáveis encontradas através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e por meio de uma pesquisa de campo com profissionais da área do planejamento e execução da estratégia. Ao final, este trabalho faz a proposição de um artefato que auxilia a mitigar os fatores críticos do processo de desdobramento. Como método de pesquisa, utiliza-se o Design Science Research para nortear os passos condutores do estudo e construir o artefato proposto. Esta pesquisa é, ao seu final, avaliada e validada por especialistas da área de estratégia empresarial. / In the current context of complex, competitive and dynamic environments, strategy is a topic widely studied in organizations and academies. However, there are few studies on deployment and implementation of the strategy itself, as well as on the effectiveness of its implementation. This study aims to investigate the main factors causing the discrepancies between the objectives arising from the strategic planning and the result at the end of the implementation of the plan, regarded as critical to the deployment process. For this investigation, this research uses the artifice of systems thinking to analyze the causal relationships between the variables found through a literature search and a field research with professionals of strategy planning and execution. At the end this paper propose an artefact to assist in mitigating the critical factors for the deployment process. As a research method, this paper uses the Design Science Research as guiding the step in conducting the research and construction of the proposed artefact. This research is, at the end, evaluated and validated by experts in the field of business strategy.

因應未來社會，需要從教育的點滴工程著手。學校為教育的主要場域，教師的教學影響學生學習的成效與關鍵能力的養成。面對複雜而快速變遷的時代，需要培育出具有良好思考力、未來想像力以及團隊合作能力的下一代。本研究採取個案研究方法，以一所位於台北市區國小內高年級的班級做為研究對象，此班級利用綜合活動時間實施系統思考教學，當中包含任教教師與26位學生，利用教室觀察與訪談法、輔以影片分析、學生作品分析、系統思考活動評量、學生自陳式反思問卷、想像力測驗、時間觀量表等工具，探究實施系統思考教學的教師角色(包含教師個人特質、工作動機、專業知能、教學信念和教學技巧)與系統思考教學的交互影響；對於教師班級經營、師生互動與班級氣氛的營造，進一步探究綜合教學實施與經營，與學生對於系統思考的理解和養成之間的關係。再者探究教學活動與培養學生未來想像力之關聯，而課程當中融入小組討論和遊戲教學，藉此探究教學歷程與學生團隊合作能力培養的相關性。本研究以因果回饋圖呈現研究結果，主要發現有以下五點: 1.系統思考教師扮演教室的結構者、引導者，時時精進系統思考認知與教學技巧，帶領學生關注根本重要的事。 2.系統思考教學實施增進師生互動關係和班級正向氣氛，鼓勵學生討論、發表意見與想法，營造班級共同思考與學習的氛圍。 3.系統思考教學培養學生系統思考力，從小關注世界當中重要的事件，瞭解其趨勢變化與關鍵結構，嘗試根本解決問題。 4.系統思考教學實施幫助啟發學生未來想像力，鬆動思考開啟創意想像，展開未來行動具備未來時間觀。 5.系統思考教學當中活動的形態，有助於學生提升團隊合作技巧與能力進而建立共同願景。 由以上研究結果瞭解系統思考教學教師扮演重要的結構者，啟發學生展開思考、想像，進而自主學習創造未來。在未來若要讓系統思考教學更能培養學生面對未來的關鍵能力，教師在課程設計上應將系統思考和未來想像的精神相結合，並且拉長時間、擴大空間，讓學生擁有充分的自主空間，學習思考，掌握根本而重要的事。 / Nowadays schools are still playing an important role in our education. We have to improve our education to let our children adapt to their futures. The way of teaching will influence our students’ learning. In the future world, we should cultivate our children the abilities of thinking skills, future imagination, and teamwork. The current case study selected a sixth grade class in elementary school. There were two teachers and 26 students in this class. In this study, sources and analyses of the data included: classroom observations, interviews, video analyses, students’ work analyses, systems thinking assessments, imagination tests, and ZTPI. Through the data analysis process, it can be inferred that whether the teaching of systems thinking can influence the teachers and students in the class.The purpose of this research is to use the systems perspective on offering advice and ideas regarding how to use systems thinking teaching in class to improve the students’ learning.The results are listed below: 1.Teachers played a role of guiding students and leaded them to what concerns to the root of any given problem. 2.Teaching processes included enhancing good interactions between teachers and students, and building up the positive classroom climate.Through these processes, students had more chances to discuss and share with each others.At the same time, they showed much respect for others, such as listening to others patiently. 3.With the systems thinking ability, students started to care about what is happening around the world and to attend the changing trend.They try to find the important structure behind the problem and solve it with leverage solution. 4.This class inspired students’ future imagination, expanded their ways of thinking and encouraged them to take actions for the future. 5.Through this class, students gained more team work skills and built shared visions. To conclude, the teaching of systems thinking can help our children to think more deeply and systematically. This way of teaching encourages our children to broaden their minds and take actions for their futures.If teacher can combine systems thinking with future imagination in instructional design, students can have more opportunities and time to learn what is the most important value in their life.