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HIV prevalence remains a critical health concern particularly amongst the youth of South Africa. The demographic health survey suggests that open communication about sex is essential to delaying the onset of sexual activity, reducing teenage pregnancy and the spread of HIV/AIDS. Previous research has also indicated that parent-adolescent communication has positive influences on sexual behaviours. Further to that studies show that communication is the most effective way of helping teenagers understand their surroundings and make better decisions about sexually related issues. This study investigates the level of parent-adolescent communication about sexual related issues and identifies the main sources of sexuality information for adolescents. The study adopted a qualitative research approach using in-depth interviews with ten adolescents and their parents. This study reveals that both adolescents and parents view communication as important in the era of HIV/AIDS. More mothers than fathers communicate with adolescents about sexual related topics. Mothers viewed sexual communication as one of the ways they were fulfilling parental responsibility. Adolescents viewed growing up in an era of HIV/AIDS as a challenge due to the pressures they received from their peers. As a result adolescents trusted the information obtained from parents and teachers compared to the information from peers. The conclusion drawn from this study is that communication helps to create a bond between the parent and the adolescent. Adolescents felt important and cared for when parents were taking their time to talk to them about sexual related issues. Parent-adolescent communication was important in decreasing early sexual behaviour and preventing HIV/AIDS. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.

This study investigated communicative parameters in parent-adolescent and peer discussions about sex. While most sexual health interventions rely on communication and the dissemination of information, little research has sought to elucidate how talk about sex is mediated by the social and cultural context in which it occurs. This study was undertaken with the purpose of obtaining a better understanding of the way in which contextual factors mediate talk. In order to do this, oral histories of participants' first knowledge of sex and first sex experiences were accessed. Participants of different ages were interviewed with a view to exploring how social and cultural factors mediating talk changed over time. / Thesis(M.A.)-Universityof KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

The study investigates youth perceptions of their relationships with adults in Ugu North a rural area in Southern Kwa-Zulu Natal. A review of literature revealed that limited research has been done in South Africa and other countries on the nature of relationships that exist between youth and adults in rural areas. From the available literature and the study it became clear that there is no comfortable relationship between youth and adults in Ugu North rural area. Research was conducted at a school and the participants were the learners. The researcher used availability sampling and systematic random sample to select participants. The researcher used two methods of data collection - focus group discussions and questionnaires for individual completion. The study revealed that there is no comfortable relationship between youth and adults in rural areas. By adults the research is referring to parents, teachers, possible caregivers and community members. Conclusions are drawn from the study and recommendations are made on how relationships between youth and adults in rural areas can be improved. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2004.

Die vorliegende Magisterarbeit ist eine kontrastive Untersuchung und Beschreibung der Flüche und Schimpfwörter in der deutschen und litauischen Jugendsprache. / Šis magistro darbas yra keiksmų ir keiksmažodžių lyginamasis tyrimas ir aprašymas, vokiečių ir lietuvių jaunimo kalbose. / My Master's degree's work is a comparative research and description of swears and curse words in the language of German and Lithuanian teenagers.

Darbe tiriamas knygų paaugliams dizainas Lietuvoje ir Latvijoje 1990-2009 m. Analizuotos knygos, kurios sulaukė skaitytojų, literatūrologų pripažinimo, buvo įvertintos knygų vaikams ir paaugliams konkursuose – viso beveik pusšimtis leidinių. Žvelgiant į knygą kaip į estetinę, kultūrinę vertę turintį objektą, tyrimu siekta išryškinti bei palyginti knygų paaugliams dizaino Lietuvoje ir Latvijoje ypatumus ištiriant šių leidinių apipavidalinimo elementus bei jų sąveiką. Siekiant šio tikslo, atskirose darbo dalyse atskleista knygos dizaino specifika, apžvelgta knygų apipavidalinimo raida XX a., įsigilinta į paauglių psichologiją, pristatyta knygų paaugliams atsiradimo istorija Vakarų pasaulyje bei Lietuvoje ir Latvijoje, ištirti minėtųjų šalių knygų paaugliams dizaino ypatumai. Atliekant tyrimą naudotasi aprašomuoju, aprašomuoju analitiniu, istoriniu, lyginamuoju, formaliosios analizės metodais. Darbe remiamasi kelių skirtingų disciplinų teorijomis. Pasitelkiamas tiek psichologijos mokslas, siekiant geriau pažinti paauglius ir jų poreikius, tiek grafinio dizaino teorija, padedanti atskleisti analizuojamų knygų apipavidalinimo ypatumus. Taip pat remiamasi poststruktūralistiniu požiūriu į grafinį dizainą: knygos apipavidalinimas laikomas tiek pat reikšmingu, kiek ir literatūrinis jos turinys, nes kiekvienas knygos elementas priklauso kultūrinių reprezentacijų tinklui ir pats savaime generuoja papildomas reikšmes. Atlikus tyrimą įvardinti atskirų knygos dizaino elementų bei jų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This study investigates the design of books for teenagers in Lithuania and Latvia in years 1990 to 2009. Almost half a hundred books have been analyzed – the ones that received recognition of both readers and literary persons, and those which were well evaluated in the contests of books for children and youth. Looking into a book as if it was the object having both aesthetic and cultural value, the research has tried to reveal and to compare design peculiarities of books for teenagers in Lithuania and Latvia, examining design elements and their interaction. To achieve this aim, in separate parts of the research the specificity of book design is uncovered and its development in 20th century is reviewed. There is a focus on teenagers' psychology, the research paper also presents the history of how books for teenagers emerged in Western world, Lithuania and Latvia, and examines design peculiarities of books for teenagers in the above mentioned countries. To carry out the research such methods as descriptive, descriptive - analytical, historical, comparative and the method of formal analysis are used. The work is based on theories of several different disciplines. Psychological science is used to better understand teenagers and their needs. The graphic design theory helps to uncover design peculiarities of the books analyzed. Post structural approach to graphic design is also used – the design of the book is considered to be as important as its literary content, as each element... [to full text]

Having done analytical generalization of scientific research „The situation of parents‘ preparation to develop teenagers with medium mental disability“, it became clear that there are no consistent systematic works which thoroughly disclosed the situation of parents‘ preparation to develop teenagers with medium mental disability. In majority of cases only episodic details of the main topic – separate ingredients – were found. The object of research - education of parents, as mentors, having children with medium mental disability. The problem of research – The ability of parents self-preparation to develop teenagers with medium mental disability. The objective of research - To disclose the situation of parents‘ self-preparation to develop teenagers with medium mental disability and describe the process of this self-preparation. The aims of research:1. To make psycho pedagogical generalization of literature on the works of Lithuanian and foreign scientists about parents‘ self-preparation to develop teenagers with medium mental disability. 2. To compare results of teachers, tutors and parents research about education of teenagers with medium mental disability. 3. To make evaluation of teachers’, mentors’ and parents’ as educators’ different opinions about themselves. Methods of research: analytical generalization of psychological, pedagogical, special education literature on the subject of Master‘s final work, Q type diagnostic data... [to full text]

Skaitymas yra vienas svarbiausių gebėjimų, ugdant asmenybę, atliepiančią šiandieninio pasaulio keliamus reikalavimus bendriesiems gebėjimams: kritiškai mąstyti, efektyviai komunikuoti bei mokytis visą gyvenimą. Išlavinta sakytinė ir rašytinė kalba padeda žmogui kritiškai mąstyti, diskutuoti, lengviau integruotis į visuomenę. / In the today‘s world people need to have a skills of critical thinking, effective communication and lifelong learning. The best way to educate those skills is reading. The research literature shows that reading for pleasure is decline in the different ages and social status humans. The less in reading are teenagers, which better are watching television or playing in computer games. Parents are one of the most important literacy teachers and stimulators for children.

Analizuojama globos namuose gyvenančių paauglių adaptyvaus elgesio ugdymo(si) problema, kaip svarbi asmens pozityvų psichologinį ir socialinį prisitaikymą lemianti sąlyga. Pristatomas teoriškai pagrįstas ir praktiškai pritaikytas globos namuose gyvenančių paauglių kompleksinis adaptyvaus elgesio ugdymo(si) modelis, apimantis santykio su savimi, santykio su kitais žmonėmis, probleminių situacijų sprendimo ir prosocialaus, save įtvirtinančio elgesio socialinėse situacijose sritis. Pateikiami konstatuojamojo ir ugdomojo eksperimento statistiniai duomenys. Remiantis diagnostinio tyrimo duomenimis, lyginamuoju aspektu analizuojami paauglių iš globos namų ir pilnų šeimų adaptyvaus elgesio ypatumai bei skirtumai. Taip pat lyginami nevienodomis sąlygomis gyvenančių paauglių adaptyvaus elgesio duomenys lyties ir amžiaus aspektu. Analizuojama, kaip kinta globos namuose gyvenančių paauglių adaptyvus elgesys, taikant pedagoginio poveikio priemones. Nustatytos bei eksperimentiškai patikrintos šių paauglių adaptyvaus elgesio ugdymo(si) galimybės. Mokslinės literatūros analizės ir disertacinio tyrimo išvadų pagrindu parengtos rekomendacijos specialistams globos namuose gyvenančių paauglių adaptyviam elgesiui ugdyti(tis). / The problem of developing adaptive behavior in teenagers living in foster care homes as an important condition, determining positive psychological and social adaptation of an individual is analyzed within the thesis. A theoretically grounded and practically applied complex model of developing adaptive behavior in teenagers living in foster care homes is presented, involving the spheres of intrapersonal relations with oneself, interpersonal relations with other people, problem situation solution and pro-social behavior anchoring oneself in social situations. The statistic data of declarative and developmental experiments are presented. On the basis of the diagnostic research, peculiarities and differences of adaptive behavior in teenagers living in foster care homes and in complete families are analyzed in the comparative aspect. The data of adaptive behavior in teenagers living under different conditions are compared in the aspects of gender and age. The change of adaptive behavior in teenagers living in foster care homes is analyzed while applying measures of pedagogical impact. The prospects for developing adaptive behavior in these teenagers are determined and tested experimentally. On the ground of scientific literature analysis and the conclusions of dissertation research, recommendations were prepared for the specialists in order to develop adaptive behavior in teenagers living in foster care homes.