Le paradigme d'Internet des objets (IdO) envisage d'augmenter l'Internet actuel avec un grand nombre de dispositifs intelligents communicants. Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (RCsF) déploient les appareils fonctionnant sur les approvisionnements énergétiques maigres et mesurent les phénomènes environnementaux (comme la température, la radioactivité, ou CO2). Les applications populaires de réseaux de capteurs sans fil comprennent la surveillance, la télémétrie et la prévention des catastrophes naturelles. Les majeurs défis de réseaux de capteurs consistent à: comment obtenir l'efficacité énergétique? Comment surmonter les déficiences de support sans fil? et comment les faire fonctionner d'une manière auto-organisée? L'intégration de réseaux de capteurs dans IoD s'appuiera sur un ensemble de standards ouverts qui s'efforcent d'offrir le passage à l'échelle, la fiabilité dans une variété des conditions, et les scénarios d'exploitation. Néanmoins, les standards dans leur état actuel ont des problèmes d'interopérabilité et peuvent bénéficier de nouvelles améliorations. Les contributions de la thèse sont les suivantes: • Nous avons mené une analyse expérimentale et identifié les caractéristiques d'un environnement de réseau de capteurs. Notre analyse a porté sur la modélisation des liens et la dynamique du réseau, ainsi que la corrélation des liens avec les paramètres environnementaux. L'étude analytique nous a permis d'identifier les principales faiblesses de l'environnement du RCsF et a permis aussi d'obtenir une meilleure compréhension de la dynamique de lien radio et le voisinage des nœuds. • Nous avons confrontés la question de l'interopérabilité des deux principaux standards - IEEE 802.15.4 dans la couche de contrôle d'accès au medium, et RPL dans la couche de transport. Nous proposons d'adapter la structure originale de cluster tree et de construire un framework élégant, qui permettra le fonctionnement conjoint de l'IEEE 802.15.4 et RPL sans l'apparition des collisions. En outre, nous évaluons à travers de nombreuses simulations les deux algorithmes distribués d'attribution de slots. Ces algorithmes permettront d'atteindre un fonctionnement presque sans collisions. • Nous proposons une solution inter-couche distribuée dans le but de construire une topologie afin que IEEE 802.15.4 et RPL puissent fonctionner ensemble. Notre algorithme auto-organisé obtient une structure topologique obéissante aux recommandations globales, cela, par la seule utilisation des métriques mesurées localement. De nombreuses simulations démontrent les avantages de la structure résultante en termes de convergence de temps, de stabilité, et d'efficacité énergétique dans le long terme. Les simulations démontrent aussi un impact positif sur les performances de routage. • Nous proposons un ensemble de nouveaux mécanismes qui permettront d'améliorer les performances de RPL et d'utiliser la Qualité de Service pour gérer les problèmes de trafic sensible. Notre extension de routage opportuniste et multi-chemin contribue à améliorer la livraison des paquets avant une date limite, tout en minimisant le surcout et la consommation d'énergie par rapport à la version de base de RPL. / Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm envisages expanding the current Internet with a huge number of the intelligent communicating devices. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) deploys the devices running on the meager energy supplies, and measuring environmental phenomena (like temperature, radioactivity, or CO2). WSN popular applications include monitoring, telemetry, and natural disaster prevention. Major WSN challenges are how to allow energy efficiency, overcome impairments of wireless medium, and operate in the self-organized manner. The WSN integrating IoT will rely on a set of the open standards striving to offer scalability, reliability in a variety of the operating scenarios and conditions. Nevertheless, the current state of the standards has interoperability issues and can benefit from further improvements. The contributions of the thesis work are: • We conducted an experimental analysis and characterization of a WSN environment. Our analysis included the link characterization, correlation with environmental parameters as well as network dynamics. Analytical study allowed us to identify key weaknesses of the WSN environment as well a get a better understanding of the dynamics—both link and node neighborhood related. • We confront the interoperability issue of the leading IEEE 802.15.4 standard on the Medium Access Control layer and RPL standard on the transport layer. We propose to accommodate the original cluster-tree structure and to build an elegant framework for collision free multi-hop operation of the IEEE 802.15.4 that will allow RPL to run on top of it. Furthermore, we evaluate through extensive simulations two distributed schemes that achieve near collision free self-organization of the nodes. • We propose a distributed cross-layer convergecast topology construction within the joint IEEE 802.15.4 and RPL framework. Self-organization scheme obtains a topological structure obeying the global recommendations by the sole use of locally measured metrics. Extensive simulations demonstrate the advantages of the resulting structure in terms of convergence time, stability, and energy efficiency in long term and a positive impact on the routing performances. • We propose a set of new mechanisms that will improve RPL performances and enable Quality of Service operation that will handle delay sensitive traffic. Our multi-path opportunistic routing extension helps to improve packet delivery before a deadline, while minimizing overhead and energy consumption compared to the basic version of RPL.STAR

Manufacturing companies are currently going through exciting times. Technological developments follow each other up in high pace and many opportunities occur for companies to be smarter than their competitors. The disruptive notion of these developments is so big that people talk about a new, fourth, industrial revolution. This industrial revolution, that is being characterized and driven by seven drivers is called industry 4.0. The popularity of this industrial revolution is seemingly apparent everywhere and is being described, by some, as “manufacturing its next act”. Even though this sounds promising and applicable to every company, the practical consequences and feasibility are, most of the times, being overlooked. Especially a theoretical foundation on differences in feasibility between small and medium - sized enterprises (SMEs) and large firms is missing. In this thesis, we are going to take the reader through a journey that will help readers understand the positioning and perspective of firms regarding industry 4.0 and eventually the practical effects of industry 4.0 on business models of manufacturing firms will be presented. This research provides enough clarity on the topic to answer the follow research questions. This thesis aims to fill the gap in available research in which business model change is being linked to industry 4.0. Due to the novelty of industry 4.0 few researches on the practical effects are not yet fully explored in the literature. Business models, a more traditional area of research, has not yet touched upon the effects industry 4.0 has on the business models of company. Our purpose is to combine these two topics and provide both SMEs and large firms an overview on what the effects of industry 4.0 are in practice. Furthermore, the perspectives and positioning of our sample firms can provide clarity for potential implementers, since wide range of participants provide different insights on the topic and therefore give clarity on the practical use of industry 4.0. During this, the researchers, by converting observations and findings into theory, follow an inductive approach. The study uses a qualitative design and semi-structured interviews has been conducted to collect the data. Our sample firms consist of both SMEs and large firms and are all located within Europe. The researchers found that there are some key differences in the positivity on industry 4.0 between the academic and business world. Companies might be highly automated and have implemented some of the drivers of industry 4.0, but the definition itself is not popular. Where some of our sample firms are convinced industry 4.0 is the new way of working, most of them are using the technologies simply because it is the best in the market and helps them to follow their strategy. Industry 4.0 can be seen as an interesting tool for firms to become smarter and achieve better results, but not at all costs. Especially for SMEs implementing industry 4.0 should not be the sole goal of the company, since it is decided by many factors whether or not industry 4.0 will succeed in the company. In terms of business models, industry 4.0 causes many changes. The role of industry 4.0 can be seen as an enabler for change, rather than the reason to build a business model around. / Social science; Business Administratiom

Esse estudo tem por escopo a análise da responsabilidade pelas coisas caídas, estabelecida no artigo 938 do Código Civil, e sua comparação em relação ao quase-delito romano effusum et deiectum. Inicia-se tal estudo com a demonstração das categorias de quase-delitos em Roma, explicando-se cada uma delas e sua localização no Digesto. Nos capítulos seguintes faz-se uma análise da responsabilidade civil, mencionando-se sua evolução, conceito atual, bem como suas principais classificações em nosso atual ordenamento, enfatizando-se a responsabilidade pelas coisas caídas ou lançadas. Realiza-se, então, uma comparação entre esta última modalidade de responsabilidade, presente no artigo 938 do Código Civil, e o tratamento do quase-delito romano effusum et deiectum durante o período clássico. Ao final, conclui-se que o artigo do Código Civil retromencionado tem sua origem no citado quase-delito romano, em virtude da patente semelhança entre ambos, malgrado o grande lapso temporal que os separa. / The objective of this study is the analysis of the responsibility for the falling things, established in the article 938 of the Civil Code, and the comparison between this article and the roman quasi-delicti effusum et deiectum. This study begins with the demonstration of the categories of quasi-delicti in Roma, explaining each one of them and their localization in the Digesto. In the following chapters, there is an analysis of the civil responsibility, mentioning its evolution, actual concept, and the main classifications in our ordainment, emphasizing the responsibility for falling things. After that, a comparison was made between this last modality of responsibility, mentioned in the article 938 of the Civil Code, and the treatment of the roman quasi-delict in the classic period. At the end, we concluded that the origin of the article 938 of the Civil Code is the cited roman quasi-delicti, because of their likeness, despite the time gap between them.

Submitted by VICTOR UBIRACY BORBA (borba.victor.borba@gmail.com) on 2018-04-16T18:56:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Victor Borba.pdf: 3528853 bytes, checksum: c33f34e31064f7604d11e509efb29a50 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-04-16T20:28:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 borba_vu_me_mar.pdf: 3528853 bytes, checksum: c33f34e31064f7604d11e509efb29a50 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T20:28:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 borba_vu_me_mar.pdf: 3528853 bytes, checksum: c33f34e31064f7604d11e509efb29a50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-19 / Não recebi financiamento / Internet das Coisas (IoT), do termo em inglês “Internet of Things”, é um termo genérico que começou a ser utilizado no final dos anos 90 e início dos anos 2000 para caracterizar objetos conectados à internet, produzindo ou processando dados de forma autônoma em tempo real. IoT é um fenômeno que envolve um contexto diverso e complexo, na qual atuam diversos atores, incluindo a sociedade como um todo. Neste sentido, o objetivo geral deste trabalho é propor um modelo de referência para IoT, considerando aspectos de segurança e privacidade no cenário de IoT. Para tal, a metodologia utilizada neste trabalho foi de pesquisa bibliográfica e de cunho exploratório, utilizando método quantitativo e qualitativo para atingir alguns objetivos específicos. Como resultado, foi proposto um modelo de referência com base em arquiteturas e modelos de referência IoT estudados previamente, na qual são considerados três atores no cenário: os Usuários, o Referenciado e o Detentor, atores estes que são de vital importância para o fluxo informacional presente no cenário de IoT. Outro resultado, foi uma reflexão na qual, durante a coleta, o dispositivo não deveria ter conhecimento sobre o usuário ou entidade requisitante, pois, os usuários fazem uso da Tecnologia IoT através de uma camada de abstração disponibilizada pela Aplicação, bem como os dados devem ser protegidos e anonimizados através das funções presentes na camada de segurança. Além disso, o trabalho traz uma reflexão sobre a responsabilidade dos atores envolvidos com a privacidade dos indivíduos imersos no universo de IoT. / Internet of Things (IoT) is a generic term that has started being used between the end of the 90’s and beginning of the 00’s to characterize objects that are connected to the internet, producing or processing data in an autonomous way in real time. IoT is a phenomenon that involves a diverse and complex context, consisting of several agents, including the society as a whole. Saying that, the main goal of this work is to propose a reference model for IoT, considering aspects of security and privacy in this scenario. In order to achieve that, the methodology used for this work was bibliographical and exploratory research, but to reach some specific goals, using a quantitative and qualitative research showed necessary. As a result, a reference model was proposed based on architectures and reference models previously studied, in which three agents were included: Users, Referrer and Holder, all of them representing vital importance for the information flow present in the IoT scenario. Another result was a contemplation in which, during the mining phase, the device should not have known about the user or requesting entity, once users make use of the IoT Technology through an abstraction layer made available by the Application; moreover, the data must be protected through the functions present in the security layer. Also, the work brings a contemplation about agent’s responsibility in terms of user’s privacy in IoT world.

A Computação Ubíqua (UbiComp) foi introduzida na década de 90 como a área de pesquisa que estuda a integração da tecnologia às tarefas cotidianas, com a intenção de proporcionar aos usuários a manutenção do foco em suas atividades, reduzindo a necessidade de seu envolvimento com a gerência da infraestrutura computacional. Considerando esta perspectiva de integração das tecnologias, exigindo o mínimo de participação do usuário, um dos desafios centrais de pesquisa para contemplar essa proposta da UbiComp é a Ciência de Situação. A construção do suporte à Ciência de Situação para as aplicações ubíquas envolve a representação do contexto, a coleta, o armazenamento e o processamento dos dados contextuais, bem como a identificação e disseminação das situações, de forma autônoma. Dentre as maneiras que tem sido consideradas para materializar a UbiComp, vem se destacando a Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things - IoT). Esta abordagem utiliza a Internet como principal meio para interoperação entre dispositivos computacionais. Nesse sentido, a IoT tem como premissa unir o mundo físico ao digital, preconizando a ideia do “tudo conectado”, criando assim uma rede de objetos incorporados ao ambiente de forma ubíqua. Deste modo, esta tese tem como objetivo conceber uma arquitetura para provimento de Ciência de Situação às aplicações ubíquas, na perspectiva da infraestrutura da Internet das Coisas. A arquitetura, denominada SAUI (Situation-aware Architecture for Ubiquitous applications in the Internet of things), é concebida considerando os trabalhos previamente desenvolvidos pelo grupo de pesquisa GPPD/UFRGS, particularmente o middleware EXEHDA (Execution Environment for Highly Distributed Applications) Entende-se como contribuições centrais desta tese: (i) a definição de uma abordagem híbrida para representação e processamento do contexto, visando à identificação de situações de interesse das aplicações; e (ii) a concepção de uma arquitetura distribuída, baseada em eventos e regras, visando o suporte à Ciência de Situação das aplicações ubíquas, considerando a infraestrutura provida pela IoT. As funcionalidades da Arquitetura SAUI são avaliadas através de cenários de uso nas áreas de agropecuária e saúde, sendo caracterizados os protótipos desenvolvidos, as tecnologias empregadas e os testes realizados. Os resultados obtidos corroboram com a abordagem da Arquitetura SAUI de considerar um suporte concomitante para operação distribuída, tratamento autônomo dos dados contextuais baseado em eventos e regras, e processamento híbrido do contexto, visando à identificação de situações de interesse das aplicações. / The Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) was introduced in the 90s as the area of research that studies the integration of technology in the everyday tasks, with the objective to keep the focus of the users in their activities, reducing the need of their involvement in the management of the computational infrastructure. Considering this perspective of technologies integration, requiring minimal user participation, one of the central research challenges is the situation awareness. The construction of the support to situation awareness for ubiquitous applications involves the representation of context; the acquisition, storage and processing of contextual data; and the identification and dissemination of situations, in autonomous way. Among the ways that have been considered to materialize UbiComp, has been highlighting the IoT (Internet of Things). This approach uses the Internet as the main means for interoperation between computing devices. In this sense, the IoT has the premise of join the physical and digital worlds, contemplating the idea of “everything connected”, thus creating a network of objects embedded in the environment ubiquitously. Thus, this thesis aims to design an architecture for providing situation awareness to ubiquitous applications, considering the IoT infrastructure. The architecture, called SAUI (Situation-aware Architecture for Ubiquitous applications in the Internet of things), is designed considering the work previously developed by the research group GPPD/UFRGS, particularly EXEHDA middleware (Execution Environment for Highly Distributed Applications) It is considered as central contributions of this thesis: (i) the definition of a hybrid approach for modeling and processing of context, aiming at identification of situations of interest of the applications; and (ii) the design of a distributed architecture, driven by events and rules, aiming at supporting the situation awareness of ubiquitous applications, considering an IoT infrastructure. The funcionalities of SAUI architecture are evaluated through usage scenarios in the areas of agriculture and healthcare. It was characterized the developed prototypes, the technologies used, and the tests performed. The results corroborate with the approach of SAUI architecture, which considers a concomitant support for distributed operation, autonomous handling of context based on events and rules, and hybrid processing of context, aiming at identification of situations.

Um dos principais desafios de pesquisa na UbiComp consiste em fornecer mecanismos para a ciência de contexto que promovam o desenvolvimento de aplicações que reajam de acordo com a dinâmica do ambiente de interesse do usuário. Para manter o conhecimento a respeito desse ambiente, a área da UbiComp pressupõe a utilização de informações produzidas e disponibilizadas em diferentes localizações, o tempo todo. Nesse sentido, os recentes avanços na área da Internet das Coisas (IoT) têm proporcionado uma crescente disponibilidade de sensores conectados em rede, os quais são potenciais produtores de informações contextuais do ambiente para aplicações ubíquas. Com essa motivação, nessa tese é apresentado o COIOT, um middleware para Internet das Coisas concebido com o objetivo de gerenciar a coleta e o processamento das informações contextuais do ambiente físico, bem como a atuação remota sobre o mesmo. O COIOT foi idealizado considerando os trabalhos previamente desenvolvidos pelo grupo de pesquisa GPPD (Grupo de Processamento Paralelo e Distribuído) da UFRGS, particularmente o middleware EXEHDA (Execution Environment for Highly Distributed Applications). Na concepção do COIOT foi adotada uma abordagem distribuída de processamento de contexto que contempla tanto as premissas da IoT quanto as demandas das aplicações da UbiComp. A arquitetura proposta também contempla o gerenciamento de eventos distribuídos através de regras e triggers para tratar as mudanças de estados dos contextos de interesse. Além disso, a arquitetura proposta gerencia outros aspectos importantes nos cenários da IoT, como o tratamento da interoperabilidade, da heterogeneidade, apoio ao controle da escalabilidade e descoberta de recursos. As principais contribuições desta tese são: (i) a concepção de uma arquitetura para IoT capaz de realizar de forma distribuída tanto a coleta e processamento das informações contextuais, como a atuação remota no meio a fim de atender as aplicações da UbiComp e, (ii) a proposição de um modelo de processamento de eventos distribuídos adequado aos cenários da IoT. Para avaliar a arquitetura do COIOT foram realizados dois estudos de caso na área da agricultura. O primeiro estudo de caso foi desenvolvido em ambiente de produção a partir de demandas de pesquisadores da área da agricultura, particularmente da análise de sementes. Já o segundo estudo de caso teve como cenário de testes ambientes da viticultura de precisão. / One of the main research challenges in UbiComp is to provide mechanisms for context-aware to promote the development of applications that react according to the dynamics of user interest environment. To keep the knowledge of this environment, the area of UbiComp presupposes the use of information produced and made available in different locations, all the time. In this sense, the recent advances in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) have provided an increasing availability of sensors and actuators networked. These sensors are potential producers of contextual information. With this motivation, this thesis is presented the CoIoT, a middleware for Internet of Things (IoT) designed in order to manage the collect and processing of contextual information of the physical environment as well as remote actuation on it. The CoIoT was designed considering the work previously developed by the research group GPPD (Parallel Processing Group and distributed) of UFRGS, particularly middleware EXEHDA (Execution Environment for Highly Distributed Applications). In designing the CoIoT it was adopted a distributed approach of context processing that includes both the principles of IoT as the demands of the applications of UbiComp. The proposed architecture also includes rules based and triggers mechanisms to deal with events that characterize the changes of states of the contexts of interest. In addition, the proposed architecture manages other important aspects of IoT scenarios such as the treatment of interoperability, heterogeneity, support the control of scalability and resource discovery. Until now, the central contributions of this thesis include: (i) the design of an architecture for IoT able to perform distributed way both the collect and processing of contextual information, such as remote actuation in the environment in order to meet UbiComp applications and, (ii) the proposition of a distributed event processing model appropriate to the IoT scenarios. In order to evaluate the CoIoT architecture, two case studies were carried out in the area of agriculture. The first case study was developed in a production environment based on the demands of agricultural researchers, particularly seed analysis. On the other hand, the second case study was based on precision testing of viticulture environments.

Com a chegada da era da computação ubíqua, o número de dispositivos com poder computacional vêm crescendo de forma acelerada. A conexão desses dispositivos em uma rede de comunicação traz novas possibilidades e serve como base para o conceito chamado Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things - IoT). Uma das aplicações desse conceito é no domínio industrial e está impulsionando uma nova revolução industrial, a chamada Indústria 4.0. Esta pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem de integração de componentes de forma automatizada, no contexto da Indústria 4.0, utilizando ontologias para representar os elementos do sistema e um middleware IoT para servir de meio de integração. Essa abordagem utiliza conceitos propostos em trabalhos relacionados, com características inovadoras na criação de sistemas IoT. Dentre estas está a integração automatizada a partir de modelos semânticos, que possibilita que usuários modelem sistemas em alto nível. A partir desse modelo, as interfaces de comunicação são criadas automaticamente, trazendo uma garantia de consistência sintática nas chamadas de métodos ou funções. Além disso, a pesquisa proposta traz a possibilidade de usar esse mesmo modelo semântico para apresentar as informações ao usuário final. Como resultados deste trabalho podem ser ressaltados o desenvolvimento de uma ontologia para modelar esses elementos industriais e também o de uma extensão para um middleware IoT a fim de poder-se trabalhar com esses modelos de forma automatizada. / With the advent of the ubiquitous computing era, the number of devices with computing power is growing rapidly. The connection of these devices onto a communication network brings new possibilities and serves as the basis for the concept called the Internet of Things (IoT). One of the applications of this concept is in the industrial domain where it is driving a new industrial revolution, usually designated as “Industry 4.0”. This research study presents a automated integration approach in the context of Industry 4.0, using ontologies to represent elements of the system and an IoT middleware to provide a means for its integration. This approach uses concepts proposed in related works with innovative features regarding the creation of IoT systems. Among these features, an automated integration based on semantic models is proposed, which enables users to model their systems at a high level. From this model, communication interfaces are created automatically, bringing a guarantee of syntactic consistency in calling methods or functions. Another advantage that this work brings is the possibility of using this same semantic model to present information to the end user. As result of this work, an ontology was developed to model industrial elements, and an extension for an IoT middleware was developed to enable to work with these models.

Algumas palavras e definições comumente utilizadas quando se está falando de Software-Defined Networking, como programabilidade, flexibilidade, ou gerenciamento centralizado, parecem muito apropriadas ao contexto de um outro paradigma de rede: Internet of Things. Em redes domésticas já não é incomum a existência de dispositivos projetados para segurança, climatização, iluminação, monitoramento de saúde e algumas formas de automação que diferem entre si em diversos aspectos, como no modo de operar e de se comunicar. Lidar com este tipo de cenário, que pode diferir bastante daquilo que estamos acostumados na gerência de redes e serviços, fazendo uso dos recursos tradicionais como ferramentas e protocolos bem estabelecidos, pode ser difícil e, em alguns casos, inviável. Com o objetivo de possibilitar o monitoramento remoto de pacientes com doenças crônicas através de dispositivos de healthcare disponíveis no mercado, uma proposta de middleware foi desenvolvida em um projeto de pesquisa para contornar as limitações relacionadas à interoperabilidade, coleta de dados, gerência, segurança e privacidade encontradas nos dispositivos utilizados. O middleware foi projetado com o intuito de executar em access points instalados na casa dos pacientes. Contudo, as limitações de hardware e software do access point utilizado refletem no desenvolvimento, pois restringem o uso de linguagens de programação e recursos que poderiam agilizar e facilitar a implementação dos módulos e dos mecanismos necessários. Os contratempos encontrados no desenvolvimento motivaram a busca por alternativas, o que resultou na refatoração do middleware através de Software-Defined Networking, baseando-se em trabalhos que exploram o uso desse paradigma em redes domésticas. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a viabilidade da utilização de Software-Defined Networking no contexto de Internet of Things, mais especificamente, aplicado ao serviço de monitoramento de pacientes da proposta anterior e explorar os possíveis benefícios resultantes. Com a refatoração, a maior parte da carga de serviços da rede e do monitoramento foi distribuída entre servidores remotos dedicados, com isso os desenvolvedores podem ir além das restrições do access point e fazer uso de recursos antes não disponíveis, o que potencializa um processo de desenvolvimento mais ágil e com funcionalidades mais complexas, ampliando as possibilidades do serviço. Adicionalmente, a utilização de Software-Defined Networking proporcionou a entrega de mais de um serviço através de um único access point, escalabilidade e autonomia no gerenciamento das redes e dos dispositivos e na implantação de serviços, fazendo uso de recursos do protocolo OpenFlow, e a cooperação entre dispositivos e serviços a fim de se criar uma representação digital mais ampla do ambiente monitorado. / Some words and definitions usually employed when talking about Software-Defined Networking such as programmability, frexibility, or centralized management sound very appropriate to the context of another network paradigm: Internet of Things. The presence of devices designed for security, air conditioning, lighting, health monitoring and some other automation resources have become common in home networks; those devices may be different in many ways, such as the way they operate and communicate, between others. Dealing with this kind of scenario may differ in many ways from what we are familiar regarding networking and services management; the use of traditional management tools and protocols may be hard or even unfeasible. Aiming to enable the health monitoring of patients with chronical illnesses through using off-the-shelf healthcare devices a middleware proposal was developed in a research project to circumvent interoperability, data collecting, management, security and privacy issues found in employed devices. The middleware was designed to run on access points in the homes of the patients. Although hardware and software limitations of the used access points reflect on the development process, because they restrict the use of programming languages and resources that could be employed to expedite the implementation of necessary modules and features. Development related mishaps have motivated the search for alternatives resulting in the middleware refactoring through Software-Defined Networking, based on previous works where that paradigm is used in home networks. This work aims to verify the feasability of the employment of Software- Defined Networking in the Internet of Things context, and its resulting benefits; specifically in the health monitoring of chronic patients service from the previous proposal. After refactoring most of the network and services load was distributed among remote dedicated servers allowing developers to go beyond the limitations imposed by access points constraints, and to make use of resources not available before enabling agility to the development process; it also enables the development of more complex features expanding services possibilities. Additionally Software-Defined Networking employment provides benefits such as the delivering of more than only one service through the same access point; scalability and autonomy to the network and devices monitoring, as to the service deployment through the use of OpenFlow resources; and devices and services cooperation enabling the built of a wider digital representation of the monitored environment.

abstract: As integrated technologies are scaling down, there is an increasing trend in the process,voltage and temperature (PVT) variations of highly integrated RF systems. Accounting for these variations during the design phase requires tremendous amount of time for prediction of RF performance and optimizing it accordingly. Thus, there is an increasing gap between the need to relax the RF performance requirements at the design phase for rapid development and the need to provide high performance and low cost RF circuits that function with PVT variations. No matter how care- fully designed, RF integrated circuits (ICs) manufactured with advanced technology nodes necessitate lengthy post-production calibration and test cycles with expensive RF test instruments. Hence design-for-test (DFT) is proposed for low-cost and fast measurement of performance parameters during both post-production and in-eld op- eration. For example, built-in self-test (BIST) is a DFT solution for low-cost on-chip measurement of RF performance parameters. In this dissertation, three aspects of automated test and calibration, including DFT mathematical model, BIST hardware and built-in calibration are covered for RF front-end blocks. First, the theoretical foundation of a post-production test of RF integrated phased array antennas is proposed by developing the mathematical model to measure gain and phase mismatches between antenna elements without any electrical contact. The proposed technique is fast, cost-efficient and uses near-field measurement of radiated power from antennas hence, it requires single test setup, it has easy implementation and it is short in time which makes it viable for industrialized high volume integrated IC production test. Second, a BIST model intended for the characterization of I/Q offset, gain and phase mismatch of IQ transmitters without relying on external equipment is intro- duced. The proposed BIST method is based on on-chip amplitude measurement as in prior works however,here the variations in the BIST circuit do not affect the target parameter estimation accuracy since measurements are designed to be relative. The BIST circuit is implemented in 130nm technology and can be used for post-production and in-field calibration. Third, a programmable low noise amplifier (LNA) is proposed which is adaptable to different application scenarios depending on the specification requirements. Its performance is optimized with regards to required specifications e.g. distance, power consumption, BER, data rate, etc.The statistical modeling is used to capture the correlations among measured performance parameters and calibration modes for fast adaptation. Machine learning technique is used to capture these non-linear correlations and build the probability distribution of a target parameter based on measurement results of the correlated parameters. The proposed concept is demonstrated by embedding built-in tuning knobs in LNA design in 130nm technology. The tuning knobs are carefully designed to provide independent combinations of important per- formance parameters such as gain and linearity. Minimum number of switches are used to provide the desired tuning range without a need for an external analog input. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2018

There are several vulnerabilities and consequences resulting from the use of the authentication method of default username and password. This study uses the Mirai attack targeting Dyn in 2016 as the main motivation. The key vulnerability in the attack on Dyn, was the authentication method of default username and password. This study performs an analysis on the Internet of Things devices available for Swedish consumers with the focus on identifying and mapping devices using the method of default username and password. Other methods of authentication are also identified as well as analyzed. The results show that most of the devices does not use the authentication method of default username and password, this does not necessarily result in a simple answer on whether the product is secure or not. Factors such as how the authentication method is implemented and how the method works in the real-world is important. The information on implementation and real-world use found in the manuals has not always been clearly detailed by the manufacturers, raising further questions on the security of IoT devices.