South African common law represents a European ius commune based upon Roman law and Roman-Dutch law of the seventeenth century. Included within South African common law is a large volume of medieval commentaries on Roman law, rarely touched upon by legal historians. The number of South African legal practitioners with a working knowledge of Latin has rapidly declined since the abolition of Latin as a compulsory subject for the LL.B degree in 1996. This state of affairs has led to the marginalisation of untranslated common law sources, as fewer legal practitioners are able to read and understand Latin. Although many Roman legal sources have already been translated into modem Romance languages, medieval commentaries on Roman law are still largely untranslated and therefore of little value to most legal practitioners. The idiosyncrasies and peculiar language of medieval legal Latin has further contributed to the untranslatability thereof, and even jurists with a working knowledge of classical Latin find it difficult to translate. This study aims to provide access through translation and historical annotation to an important untranslated medieval legal text, the Tractatus de jluminibus seu Tyberiadis by the medieval Italian jurist, Bartolus of Saxoferrato (1313 - 1357). The text is concerned with alluvion, an original mode of acquisition of ownership, which is still relevant in contemporary South African law and has recently been perpetuated in section 33 of the Land Survey Act 8 of 1997. / Thesis (M.A.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000

La thèse a pour objectif de réfléchir sur la possibilité d’appliquer la conception du langage développée par Wittgenstein dans sa philosophie des jeux de langage au langage esthétique. Cet intérêt pour la philosophie tardive du philosophe ne pouvait aboutir sans une confrontation avec la philosophie du Tractatus, l’auteur lui-même n’envisageant la possibilité de comprendre la seconde partie de sa philosophie qu’à la lumière de la première. En effet, le Tractatus détermine une conception du langage unique, dans laquelle ce dernier a pour rôle de représenter le réel, en en partageant la structure. Par conséquent, tous les jugements normatifs, y compris les jugements esthétiques, seront éjectés du domaine du sens dans celui de l’ineffable et du mystique dans la mesure où toute vraie proposition, c’est-à-dire sensée, par opposition aux pseudo-propositions doit impérativement porter sur des objets.Cette restriction du sens et donc du dicible le conduisant à une aporie, Wittgenstein détermine une autre conception du langage, plutôt, complémentaire de la première et ce, progressivement à partir des années trente, dans laquelle le langage devient pluriel parce que tributaire de plusieurs paramètres extra linguistiques en relation avec le contexte, la culture, la forme de vie… Et c’est justement le concept de jeux de langage qui va en montrer le fonctionnement de la signification comme usages.A partir de quelques exemples de tableaux, nous montrerons de quelle manière la peinture, sa compréhension et son interprétation se plient à cette conception du langage, mais aussi du sens de la philosophie post-Tractatus. / The aim of this thesis is to think about the possibility to apply the conception of language developed by Wittgenstein in the philosophy from language games to esthetic language. The interest for the late philosophy of the philosopher could not ended without a confrontation in the philosophy of the Tractatus. The author himself considers the possibility to understand the second part of his philosophy only at the light of the initial. In fact, the Tractatus establishes a conception of an unique language, in which the latter has the role to represent the real, and in sharing the structure. Consequently, all the normal jugements including esthetic jugements will be ejected from the scope of sense in the one of the unutterable and the mystic insofar all true proposition is sensible by opposition to the pseudo-proposals must imperatively bear on objects.The restriction of the sense and dicible is leading him to a difficulty, Wittgenstein establishes another conception of language, rather complementary from the first one, and this gradually from the thirties in which the language becomes tributor from several parameters extra linguistic in relation with context, culture and shape of life and this is precisely the concept of language games which will show the working of the meaning as use.From a few examples of paintings, we shall demonstrate how the painting its comprehension and its interpretation are submitted to this conception of language but also to the sense of the philosophy post-Tractatus

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There are historically three main trends in understanding Wittgenstein's Tractatus. The first is the interpretation offered by the Vienna Circle. They read Wittgenstein as arguing that neither metaphysical nor normative propositions have any cognitive meaning, and thus are to be considered nonsense. This interpretation understands Wittgenstein as setting the limits of sense, and prescribing that nothing of substantive philosophical importance lies beyond that line. The second way of reading the Tractatus, which has became popular since the 1950s, is the interpretation which most currently accept as the early Wittgenstein's view; for this reason I refer to it as the 'standard reading.' According to this interpretation, Wittgenstein did not consider metaphysical and ethical discourse as nonsense. Rather, relying upon the distinction between saying [sagen] and showing [zeigen], he meant that these truths cannot be uttered, but instead are only shown. The standard reading can perhaps be best understood in contrast with the third interpretation, dubbed the "resolute reading." The resolute reading takes seriously Wittgenstein's remark at 6.54 that "[m]y propositions are elucidatory in this way: he who understands me finally recognizes them as nonsense [unsinnig]." According to the resolute interpretation, Wittgenstein is not advancing a series of philosophical theses in the Tractatus. Rejecting the distinction characteristic of standard readings, between propositions without sense [sinnlos] and just plain nonsense [unsinnig], these interpreters read Wittgenstein as treating ethical and metaphysical inquiry, as well as a bulk of the doctrines in the text, as nonsense. To them, Wittgenstein did not intend to put forth any theses in the the text. Instead his methodology is therapeutic, similar to the later philosophy. It In this essay I explain each interpretation, and evaluate them in terms of textual and philosophical viability. I conclude by arguing that the biases which exist in the tradition of analytic philosophy substantively temper the interpretation of historical texts, which ultimately leads to the fundamental distinction between these three interpretations.

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South African common law represents a European ius commune based upon Roman law and Roman-Dutch law of the seventeenth century. Included within South African common law is a large volume of medieval commentaries on Roman law, rarely touched upon by legal historians. The number of South African legal practitioners with a working knowledge of Latin has rapidly declined since the abolition of Latin as a compulsory subject for the LL.B degree in 1996. This state of affairs has led to the marginalisation of untranslated common law sources, as fewer legal practitioners are able to read and understand Latin. Although many Roman legal sources have already been translated into modem Romance languages, medieval commentaries on Roman law are still largely untranslated and therefore of little value to most legal practitioners. The idiosyncrasies and peculiar language of medieval legal Latin has further contributed to the untranslatability thereof, and even jurists with a working knowledge of classical Latin find it difficult to translate. This study aims to provide access through translation and historical annotation to an important untranslated medieval legal text, the Tractatus de jluminibus seu Tyberiadis by the medieval Italian jurist, Bartolus of Saxoferrato (1313 - 1357). The text is concerned with alluvion, an original mode of acquisition of ownership, which is still relevant in contemporary South African law and has recently been perpetuated in section 33 of the Land Survey Act 8 of 1997. / Thesis (M.A.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000

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Diss.--Literaturwissenschaft--München, 1973. / Bibliogr. p. 235-242. Index.

Dissertation--Philosophie--Rom, Pontif. Univer. Gregoriana, 1978. / Contient le "Tractatus de libero arbitrio" de Vivien de Prémontré. Bibliogr. p. XIII-XXV. Index.