This research examines the nature of visual poetry and its educational potential in the processes of teaching and learning reading and writing in primary education. The first part looks into the internal and external logic of visual poetry, its cultural, historical and technical characteristics, and a knowledge goal is provisionally defined, which is then analyzed as a teaching and learning goal. It reviews the historicist approaches to visual poetry; it examines the definitions that have been established especially regarding its intermedia nature, and also the most interesting definitions that have been made by visual poets themselves. Following on from this, there is a historical overview of this poetic form, focusing mainly on the Western European tradition and on Catalonia from the twentieth century onwards. The second part of the thesis is the empirical research that justifies, applies and interprets the description and analysis of a didactic sequence of a teacher in a classroom in year two of primary education within the methodological and theoretical framework of contemporary research on specific didactics. Above all, it uses the theoretical foundations of comparative didactics and clinical methodologies. Based on close and participatory observation and an all-encompassing analysis of educational action, some interpretations are compared with the overall framework of knowledge of language and literature didactic. Hence the intrinsic cultural value of visual poetry is claimed as a catalyst to encourage the improvement of the reading and writing skills itself, while this teaching goal also serves as a pretext to consider and purpose new ways of teaching and learning reading and writing, in a richer and more complex way, especially in the field of critical literacy, creativity and intermediality / Aquesta investigació es planteja la naturalesa de la poesia visual i el seu potencial didàctic en els processos d’ensenyament-aprenentatge de la lectura i l’escriptura a Educació Primària. La primera part investiga la lògica interna i externa de la poesia visual, els seus trets culturals, històrics i tècnics i es delimita provisionalment un objecte de saber, el qual a continuació s’analitza com a objecte a ensenyar i objecte ensenyat. Es revisen les aproximacions històriques a la poesia visual; s’examinen les definicions que s’han fixat sobretot en el seu caràcter intermedial i també les definicions més interessants que n’han fet els mateixos poetes visuals. A continuació es fa una síntesi històrica d’aquesta forma poètica, centrant-se sobretot en la tradició europea occidental i, a partir del segle xx, a Catalunya. La segona part o recerca empírica justifica, aplica, i interpreta la descripció i anàlisi d'una seqüència didàctica d'una mestra en una aula de cicle inicial d’Educació Primària, dins del marc metodològic i teòric de les investigacions contemporànies en didàctiques específiques, servint-se sobretot dels fonaments teòrics de les didàctiques comparades i les metodologies clíniques. A partir de l'observació atenta i l’anàlisi global de l'acció didàctica, se n’extreuen unes interpretacions que es confronten amb el marc global del saber de les didàctiques de la llengua i la literatura. Així, es reivindica el valor cultural intrínsec de la poesia visual com a revulsiu per fomentar la lectura i l’expressió escrita per se però alhora aquest objecte d’ensenyament serveix de pretext per reflexionar i proposar noves formes d’ensenyar i aprendre la lectura i l’escriptura de forma més rica i complexa, sobretot en l'àmbit de la literacitat crítica, la creativitat i la intermedialitat. / Bei dieser Untersuchung wird die Frage über die visuelle Poesie und deren didaktischem Potential bei den Bildungs- und Lernprozessen beim Lesen und Schreiben in der Grundschule aufgeworfen, die diese Fähigkeiten in ihrem gesamten Umfang zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts nach sich ziehen.

La coexistence de deux formats : cinéma à 24 images/s et vidéo à<br />25 images/s, implique l'accélération ou le ralentissement de la<br />bande-son lors du transfert d'un format vers l'autre. Ceci<br />provoque une modification temporelle du signal sonore, et par<br />conséquent une modification spectrale avec altération du timbre.<br />Les studios de post-production audiovisuelle souhaitent compenser<br />cet effet par l'application d'une transformation sonore adéquate.<br /><br />L'objectif de ce travail est de fournir à l'industrie<br />audiovisuelle un système permettant de pallier la modification de<br />timbre engendrée par le changement de vitesse de lecture. Ce<br />système se compose d'une part d'un algorithme de traitement et<br />d'autre part d'une machine sur lequel il est implanté.<br />L'algorithme est conçu et développé pour répondre aux contraintes<br />liées à la qualité sonore et à la compatibilité multicanal. La<br />machine, baptisée HARMO, est conçue spécifiquement par la société<br />GENESIS sur la base de processeurs de signaux numériques, et doit<br />répondre à la contrainte de temps-réel. Cet aspect "valorisation"<br />conduit à intégrer dans le projet les contraintes de coût et de<br />délai de réalisation.<br /><br />Un état de l'art basé sur une bibliographie quasi-exhaustive<br />aboutit à une classification originale des méthodes de dilatation<br />et de transposition existantes. Ceci nous amène à distinguer et à<br />étudier les méthodes classiques temporelles et fréquentielles, et<br />à introduire les méthodes temps-fréquence. Cette classification<br />est à la base de plusieurs méthodes innovantes :<br /><br />1. deux méthodes temps-fréquence dont l'analyse est adaptée à l'audition,<br /><br />2. deux méthodes couplées qui associent les avantages des méthodes temporelles et fréquentielles,<br /><br />3. une méthode temporelle basée sur une amélioration des méthodes existantes.<br /><br />Les algorithmes sont évalués grâce à une banque de sons-test<br />spécifiquement élaborée pour mettre en évidence les défauts<br />caractéristiques des algorithmes. Notre choix final s'est porté<br />sur l'approche temporelle, que nous optimisons par l'adjonction de<br />critères de segmentation basés sur l'autocorrélation normalisée et<br />la détection de transitoires. Cet algorithme s'intègre dans un<br />logiciel qui a été structuré pour un fonctionnement temps-réel et<br />multicanal sur le système HARMO.

Cette note de synthèse pour une Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches aborde, dans le cadre de la Théorie Anthropologique du Didactique, deux thématiques qui ont en commun d'être issues d'une réflexion sur la résolution de problèmes en mathématiques. La première s'intéresse aux développements praxéologiques que les élèves et étudiants doivent mener à bien pour utiliser avec une certaine réussite le savoir théorique mathématique, compte tenu du parcours de résolution de problèmes que leur font emprunter les systèmes scolaire et universitaire. Ces développements étant pour une large part non explicitement accompagnés par les systèmes didactiques, le travail personnel apparaît comme jouant un rôle déterminant, puisque les élèves doivent investir un espace d'étude autonome qui s'élargit de manière abrupte aux changements institutionnels collège/lycée//supérieur. Cette direction est présentée dans les deux premiers chapitres de la note de synthèse. La deuxième thématique situe la réflexion sur l'utilisation des savoirs dans les problèmes mathématiques au coeur d'une thématique beaucoup plus ample puisqu'il s'agit de s'intéresser, cette fois au niveau des institutions, aux dynamiques qui animent la vie des praxéologies : émergence, stabilisation et institutionnalisation dans une institution créatrice, diffusion, utilisation et transposition dans de nouvelles institutions. Prenant appui sur des exemples correspondant à des moments variés de la vie des praxéologies, le chapitre 3 propose une certaine réorganisation du modèle praxéologique, avec la double intention 1. d'expliciter la diversité des savoirs qui peuvent entrer dans le bloc technologico-théorique, 2. de figurer les liens de la praxéologie aux institutions qui la (co)déterminent. Ce modèle est succinctement mis en relation avec quelques travaux de didactique des mathématiques mais aussi d'ergonomie cognitive et de clinique de l'activité.

Basic concepts: environmental protection, legal regulation, sustainable development, protection of water and air quality, waste management, financing of environmental protection, transposition and implementation of legislation. The aim of the thesis is to determine and look into the influence of the EU environmental policy on the formation of Lithuania’s environmental policy. To this end, the analysis of EU environmental policy documents and directives has been carried out, and their transposition and implementation in Lithuania’s environmental policy have been considered. Focus has also been placed on the financing of the EU environmental policy and absorption of EU assistance in Lithuania. An expert survey has been carried out to attain this objective. The object of the thesis is the process of implementation of the EU environmental policy and its legal norms in Lithuania. The thesis raises a hypothesis that the implementation of the EU environmental policy in Lithuania depends on the competence of Lithuania’s management authorities and EU financial assistance, as the failure to absorb it indicates an inadequate level of development and efficiency of Lithuania’s environmental policy. The research performed in the thesis has supported the hypothesis. The present master’s thesis consists of three sections. The first section of the thesis analyses EU environmental programmes and their impact on the development of the EU environmental policy and presents the legal regulation of... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:05:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GiovanninniLFB_DISSERT_pag_1_a_118.pdf: 7226413 bytes, checksum: dc94a6ed83c5371cec55bbc2522ef23a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-26 / The use of the History and the Philosophy of Science (HPS) for the teaching of science and scientific subjects has been advocated in recent decades. It has been pointed out that the History of Science could make for a deeper learning of scientific concepts, since it would promote a contact with the problems which that knowledge has set out to solve. Furthermore, historical episodes would serve to put the discussions about the nature of scientific knowledge into context. With a view to explore those potentialities, the literature in the field has sought to identify the challenges and obstacles for the didactic transposition of subjects from the History of Science. Amongst many aspects, the deficiencies in the training of teachers, so that they can work with the insertion of HPS in the classroom have been highlighted. Another aspect that has been mentioned to be a challenge has to do with the didactic transposition of the Primary Sources, that is, of the original texts on the History of Science. The Primary Sources have significant potentialities: making a connection possible between scientists and concepts, showing the difficulties faced during scientific endeavors, perceiving the role of mistakes as obstacles to be surpassed, not as defeat, etc. On the other hand, there has been little exploration of these concepts in an educational context, due to their own peculiarities. The original texts are often hard to understand and their interpretation demands knowledge of the historical and scientific context in which they were written, as well as skills pertaining to the conduction of research in the field of the History of Science. With this scenario in mind, the research towards this Professional MSc degree starts from the challenge of elaborating and discussing proposals which could enable the didactical transposition of the Primary Sources. We have worked specifically with Primary Sources on the History of the Vacuum and of the Atmospheric Pressure, because of the insertion of these subjects in the Brazilian High School curriculum, in connection with the didactical textbooks. "Historic Journals" were made up from clippings of the original historical texts, as was a Didactical Unit, which takes the usual textbooks as a basis and contemplates using the Journals and the entire Primary Sources in High School. At last, we have elaborated and implemented a course designed for the preparation of teachers and for being an opportunity for the discussion of the feasibility of putting these kinds of proposal into practice / Tem-se advogado nas ?ltimas d?cadas a respeito da utiliza??o da Hist?ria e Filosofia da Ci?ncia para o ensino de conte?dos cient?ficos e sobre a ci?ncia. Aponta-se que a Hist?ria da Ci?ncia poderia possibilitar um aprendizado mais aprofundado dos conceitos cient?ficos, uma vez que permitiria o contato com os problemas a que esses conhecimentos buscaram resolver. Os epis?dios hist?ricos serviriam, ainda, como contextualiza??o para discuss?es a respeito da natureza do conhecimento cient?fico. Tendo em vista o interesse em explorar essas potencialidades, a literatura da ?rea tem buscado identificar os desafios e obst?culos da transposi??o did?tica da Hist?ria da Ci?ncia. Dentre muitos aspectos, as lacunas na forma??o dos professores para atuar na inser??o da HFC no Ensino t?m sido apontadas. Outro aspecto citado como desafio diz respeito ? dificuldade da transposi??o did?tica das Fontes Prim?rias, isto ?, dos textos originais da Hist?ria da Ci?ncia. As Fontes Prim?rias teriam potencialidades significativas: viabiliza??o da conex?o dos conceitos com os cientistas, visualiza??o do caminho ?rduo do empreendimento cient?fico, percep??o do o papel do erro como obst?culo a ser superado e n?o como derrota, etc. Por outro lado, esses recursos seriam ainda pouco explorados no contexto educacional devido ?s suas pr?prias peculiaridades. Os textos originais costumam ser de dif?cil leitura e sua interpreta??o requer conhecimentos a respeito do contexto hist?rico e cient?fico em que foram elaborados, bem como habilidades inerentes ? pesquisa em Hist?ria da Ci?ncia. Frente a esse cen?rio, o presente Trabalho de Conclus?o deste Mestrado Profissional parte do desafio de atuar na elabora??o e discuss?o de propostas visando a transposi??o did?tica de Fontes Prim?rias. Especificamente, trabalhou-se com Fontes Prim?rias da Hist?ria do V?cuo e da Press?o Atmosf?rica tendo em vista a sua inser??o no Ensino M?dio de forma articulada aos livros did?ticos. Foram elaborados Jornais Hist?ricos a partir de recortes dos textos hist?ricos originais, bem como uma Unidade Did?tica, que parte do material did?tico usual e contempla a utiliza??o dos Jornais e Fontes Prim?rias completas no Ensino M?dio. Elaborou-se e implementou-se, por fim, um curso voltado ? instrumenta??o de professores como espa?o de discuss?o sobre a utiliza??o desse tipo de proposta

Introdução: A correção anatômica da transposição das grandes artérias após o período neonatal demanda a preparação prévia do ventrículo subpulmonar, com bandagem do tronco pulmonar, para induzir a hipertrofia ventricular. Estudos experimentais prévios demonstraram que a sobrecarga sistólica intermitente determina uma hipertrofia ventricular mais eficiente, em relação à bandagem convencional (fixa) do tronco pulmonar. Os mecanismos adaptativos envolvidos no retreinamento do ventrículo subpulmonar ainda não estão completamente estabelecidos, pois se sabe que, além da hipertrofia e hiperplasia das células contráteis, também células do interstício e vasos sofrem alterações fenotípicas. Permanece indefinida a taxa ideal de incremento, tanto da matriz extracelular quanto da vascularização do miocárdio na situação do retreinamento ventricular, para suportar a resistência sistêmica. Objetivo: Avaliar a adaptação do ventrículo subpulmonar no que se refere a apoptose e estímulo à neovascularização miocárdica em resposta à sobrecarga pressórica contínua versus intermitente, obtida pela bandagem ajustável do tronco pulmonar de cabritos jovens. Método: Foram utilizados 21 cabritos hígidos, com idade de 30 a 60 dias e pesos comparáveis, divididos em três grupos: Controle (n = 7, sem sobrecarga sistólica), Contínuo (n = 7, sobrecarga sistólica contínua do VD), Intermitente (n = 7, 12 horas/dia de sobrecarga sistólica intermitente do VD). A sobrecarga sistólica do VD foi mantida por 96 horas no grupo Contínuo e por quatro períodos de 12 horas, alternados com 12 horas de descanso, no grupo intermitente. Os animais do grupo Controle foram submetidos ao implante do dispositivo de bandagem, o qual foi mantido desinsuflado. As medidas hemodinâmicas foram tomadas diariamente, antes e após o ajuste da sobrecarga sistólica. Avaliações ecocardiográficas foram realizadas no pré-operatório e no final do protocolo de estudo. Após 96 horas de estudo, os animais foram mortos para avaliação dos parâmetros morfológicos (peso e conteúdo de água das massas cardíacas e análise imuno-histoquímica da apoptose e da expressão do VEGF). Resultados: Ao final do protocolo, o ecocardiograma revelou uma diferença significativa da espessura do VD no grupo Intermitente (+129,2%), quando comparado ao grupo Contínuo (+58,2%; p < 0,001) e de ambos os grupos de estudo quando comparados ao grupo Controle (p < 0,001). Sob a análise morfológica, ambos os grupos de estudo apresentaram ganho de magnitude semelhante nas massas do VD (Intermitente: + 115,8%; Contínuo: + 90,8%; p < 0,0001) e do septo (Intermitente: +55,8%; Contínuo: + 45,4%; p < 0,047), em relação ao grupo Controle, apesar do menor tempo de sobrecarga pressórica no grupo Intermitente. O protocolo de sobrecarga sistólica do VD não influenciou a massa muscular do VE. Houve um discreto aumento do conteúdo de água do VD (Contínuo: +3,5%, Intermitente: +4,6%) e do septo (ambos os grupos de estudo: +3,5%) em relação ao grupo Controle (p < 0,002). A expressão do VEGF foi maior no VD do grupo Intermitente (2,89% ± 0,41%; p=0,005) em relação ao VD dos demais grupos (Controle: 1,43% ± 0,18%; Contínuo: 1,80% ± 0,19%). A expressão desta molécula no miocárdio do VD do grupo Intermitente foi também maior que o do VE e septo dentro do mesmo grupo (p < 0,050). Não houve diferença na expressão do VEGF das demais massas cardíacas (VE: p > 0,252; Septo: p > 0,740). Em relação à apoptose, não foram observadas diferenças significativas no miocárdio do VD dos três grupos (Caspase: p=0,784; TUNEL: p=0,374). Conclusões: Ambos os grupos de estudo desenvolveram hipertrofia miocárdica do VD, não acompanhada de edema miocárdico importante ou apoptose. No entanto, a sobrecarga sistólica intermitente promoveu maior expressão do VEGF no miocárdio do VD. Esta associação entre sinalização de proliferação vascular e hipertrofia tem implicações importantes quando se objetiva preparar um ventrículo para suportar pressões sistêmicas, uma vez que o desejável é que a proliferação vascular ocorra de forma sustentada, permitindo uma hipertrofia do VD mais eficiente / Introduction: Surgical correction of transposition of the great arteries beyond the neonatal period needs a previous pulmonary artery band to promote left ventricular hypertrophy thereby preparing the ventricle. Experimental studies have demonstrated that intermittent systolic overload causes a more efficient ventricular hypertrophy, as compared to traditional pulmonary artery banding. The adaptive mechanisms involved in the subpulmonary ventricle retraining are not completely established. Nevertheless, besides the hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of the contractile cardiomyocytes, noncontractile cells (vascular and interstitial) from the stimulated ventricle also present structural phenotype changes. It remains unclear the ideal increasing rate of the myocardial interstitium as well as capillary vessel proliferation in the process of ventricular retraining before undertaking the arterial switch. Objective: This study sought to assess adaptive changes of the subpulmonary ventricle in regards to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and apoptosis in young goats submitted to continuous versus intermittent systolic overload by means of an adjustable pulmonary artery band. Methods: 21 young goats were separated into 3 groups: Control (no systolic overload), Continuous (96-hour continuous systolic overload), and Intermittent (four 12-hour periods of systolic overload paired with a 12-hour resting period). Systolic overload was adjusted to achieve a 0.7 RV / aortic pressure ratio. Hemodynamic evaluations were performed before and after systolic overload every day postoperatively. Echocardiograms were obtained preoperatively and at the end of protocol. After the study period, the animals were humanely killed for morphologic assessment, apoptosis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Results: Echocardiography revealed a marked increase in RV wall thickness in the Intermittent group (+129.2%), compared with the Continuous group (+58.2%; p<0.001), as well as both trained groups compared to Control group (p < 0.001). Regardless of the shorter systolic overload exposure of Intermittent group, both study groups had a similar increase in RV mass (Intermittent: + 115.8%; Continuous: +90.8%; p < 0.001), and septal mass (Intermittent: + 55.8%; Continuous: + 45.4%; p < 0.047), compared with the Control group. No significant changes in the left ventricle mass were seen. There was a negligible but significant increase in water content of RV (Continuous: +3.5%, Intermittent: +4.6%) and septal masses (both study groups: +3.5%) compared with that in the Control group (p < 0.002). RV VEGF expression was greater in the Intermittent group (2.89% ± 0.41%) than in the Continuous (1.80% ± 0.19%) and Control (1.43% ± 0.18%) groups (p < 0.023). VEGF expression in the myocardium of the right ventricle in the Intermittent group was also greater than that in the left ventricle and septum within the same group (p < 0.050). There was no significant difference in VEGF expression between the other cardiac sections or within the Control and Continuous groups. Regarding apoptosis, there were no significant changes in the RV myocardium of the three groups (Caspase: p=0,784; TUNEL: p=0,374). Conclusions: Both study groups have developed RV hypertrophy with no apoptosis or relevant myocardial edema. Nevertheless, intermittent systolic overload causes upregulation of VEGF expression in the subpulmonary ventricle, an adaptation that provides a mechanism for increased myocardial perfusion during the rapid myocardial hypertrophy of young goats. The association of the marked increase in RV mass and increased angiogenesis signaling has an important implication on the subpulmonary ventricle retraining protocol by promoting a compensatory growth of the coronary vasculature, allowing for a more efficient hypertrophy

Olivier Messiaen is regarded as one of the most significant composers of the 20th century. His compositions are performed regularly and his teachings have influenced many well-known composers like Boulez and Stockhausen. This study focussed on his use of rhythm in his piano compositions. I supplied a short biography of the composer along with a brief discussion of his compositional techniques. Thereafter his rhythmic techniques were examined through relevant music examples from his piano repertoire. Particular attention was given to works from the Vingt Regards sur L’Enfant-Jésus along with Cantéyodjayâ, Mode de valeurs et d’intensités and Neumes rythmiques from his experimental period (1949-1951). In Mode de valeurs et d’intensités he revolutionized the serial treatment of duration, pitch, intensity and attack. His other rhythmic techniques include Indian rhythms, Greek meter, added values, augmentation, diminution, non-retrogradable rhythms, polyrhythm, chromatic scales of duration, personnages rythmiques, symmetrical permutations, rhythmic neumes, rhythmic canon and prime numbers. / Dissertation (MMus (Performing Arts))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Music / unrestricted

p, li { white-space: pre-wrap; } p, li { white-space: pre-wrap; } This thesis deals with text ciphering. The presented paper describes at first basic theoretical background of cryptology and basic distribution of cryptographic algorithms. Then it describes a brief history of encryption from beginning to present. Theoretical description of ciphering methods and its implementation details are discussed here. All basic types of conventional encryption algorithms and also some modern ciphering methods are included; these are substitution, transposition, steganographic or combinations encryption systems. The result of this thesis is the library of algorithms for text ciphering in Java with a sample application, which demonstrates its funcionality.

The main aspiration of this thesis is to illustrate on several selected examples (or almost "cases" of clinical kind) from French, Russian, Polish, Italian (and in the second plan also German or English) writtings of the 19th and early 20th century the methods of application and presentation of the Withdrawnnes-motif in literature. And on the basis of them (after attempting to mapping out the network of their possible mutual influences, consequences, concurrency or filiations, in the interpretative part of the thesis, so on the II. to VI. chapter) try to define its final characteristics, periodisation, classification and his general definition. … and, moreover, or on the way to this purpose, perhaps to provide the reader a few other - perhaps more useful, or more interesting - information. Keywords: Autostylisation, Confusion of the dream and the reality, Decadence, Dreaming, Extreme mental states of mind, fin de siècle, Individualism, Literary motives, Modernism, Psychologism, Psychic naturalism, Solipsism, Transposition of identity, Withdrawnnes

This diploma’s thesis discourses the cryptographic systems and ciphers, whose function, usage and practical implementation are analysed. In the first chapter basic cryptographic terms, symmetric and asymetric cryptographic algorithms and are mentioned. Also usage and reliability are analysed. Following chapters mention substitution, transposition, block and stream ciphers, which are elementary for most cryptographic algorithms. There are also mentioned the modes, which the ciphers work in. In the fourth chapter are described the principles of some chosen cryptographic algorithms. The objective is to make clear the essence of the algorithms’ behavior. When describing some more difficult algorithms the block scheme is added. At the end of each algorithm’s description the example of practical usage is written. The chapter no. five discusses the hardware implementation. Hardware and software implementation is compared from the practical point of view. Several design instruments are described and different hardware design programming languages with their progress, advantages and disadvantages are mentioned. Chapter six discourses the hardware implementation design of chosen ciphers. Concretely the design of stream cipher with pseudo-random sequence generator is designed in VHDL and also in Matlab. As the second design was chosen the block cipher GOST, which was designed in VHDL too. Both designs were tested and verified and then the results were summarized.