Sveriges demografiska utveckling visar på att fler och fler flyttar in till storstäderna. Efterfrågan på bostäder leder till ett behov av att förtäta staden i närheten av kommunikationer. Problematiken speglar sig i utmaningen från olika sorters buller. Obebyggda tomter gränsar till trafikerade vägar, stadsmiljö och kollektivtrafik. På grund av detta krävs det att ny bebyggelse regleras genom lagar, riktlinjer, rekommendationer samt tekniska lösningar, utformning och placering för att begränsa skada på människors hälsa och liv. Människor påverkas negativt av buller i form av sjukdomar och psykologiska effekter.Syftet med studien var att få en inblick i fastighetsägarens, kommuner och länsstyrelsens perspektiv på problematiken rörande buller och byggnationer. Detta för att få ökad förståelse om hur buller hindrar stadsförtätning och utveckling i större städer, eller om det finns möjlighet att utveckla staden med hjälp av andra lösningar. Studien använde sig av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes genom fastighetsägare och kommuner.Studien visade att fastighetsägarna anser att buller är en stor del av planeringen och behöver tas hänsyn till genom hela projektet. Det styr även hur de blir begränsade i sitt byggande både inom tekniska åtgärder samt utformning av byggnadsverket. Det mest styrande är dock vilken byggrätt det planeras att bli, där bostäder är den mest begränsade. Motiven för att ändå bygga i en storstad är att marknaden finns där och intäkter kan överkomma kostnaderna. Kommunerna är eniga om att fastigheter där bolag vill bygga oftast är karakteriserade av buller vilket utgör problemet för förtätningen. Det begränsar exploatören i utformning för att minska bullerpåverkan. De menar på att det är viktigt att försäkra sig om en god inomhusmiljö där en god planlösning inte kan ersättas med tekniska lösningar. Även att det är viktigt att läka ihop stadsmiljön för att få en blandad stad. Begränsningarna blir att olika mål kommer i strid, ett där de har en bostadsbrist att förse, bland annat, och ett annat att inte bygga i en bullerexponerad miljö. För framtiden är alla respondenter i studien eniga om att skapa förutsättningar för en hållbar stadsstruktur för att minimera utbredning av staden för att ta del av den infrastruktur som redan existerar är viktigt.Slutsatsen som kunde dras är att en god boendemiljö kräver god planering, samspel och rekommendationer som håller av för människors hälsa och liv i samband med människors behov. Framfarten av befolkningsökningen och behovet av att stadsförtäta kräver i vissa fall avsteg från de riktvärden som existerar idag, även möjligheten att tekniska lösningar i viss mån accepteras. Lagarna är utformade utifrån människors liv och hälsa vilket inte alltid speglar sig i verkligheten. Rekommendationerna samt regler för buller behöver tydliggöras efter den tolkning som görs av Länsstyrelsen rörande riktvärden. Det bör också kunna göras avsteg från riktvärdena efter förutsättningen för platsen. Närheten till stadens aktiviteter samt infrastruktur är den viktiga faktorn i samspel med ofara för hälsa och liv. Fastighetsägare behöver ta i beaktning de tekniska lösningar samt utformningarna på byggnader för att lösa problemet kring bullerfrågan i samspel med kommunens planering samt länsstyrelsens tillsyn. / Sweden's demographic development shows that more and more people are moving into the big cities. The demand for housing leads to a need to densify the city close to communications. The problem is reflected in the challenge of different types of noise. Undeveloped sites are adjacent to busy roads, urban environments and public transport. Because of this, new buildings need to be regulated by laws, guidelines, recommendations and technical solutions, design and location to limit damage to human health and life. People are negatively affected by noise in terms of diseases and psychological effects.The purpose of the study was to gain an insight into the perspectives of property owners, municipalities and county administrative boards on the problem of noise and construction. This in order to gain a better understanding of whether noise hinders urban densification and development in larger cities, or whether there are opportunities to develop the city using other solutions. The study used a qualitative research method where semi-structured interviews were conducted through property owners and municipalities.The study showed that the property owners consider noise to be a major part of the planning process that needs to be taken into account throughout the project. It also governs how they are limited in their construction both in technical measures and the design of the building. However, the most controlling factor is the planned building rights, where housing is the most limited. The motives for building in a large city are that the market is there and revenues can exceed costs. The municipalities agreed that properties where companies want to build are often characterized by noise, which is a problem for densification. This limits the developer in the design to reduce the noise impact. It is important to ensure a good indoor environment where a good floor plan cannot be replaced by technical solutions. It is also important to heal the urban environment in order to achieve a mixed city. The limitations are that different goals come into conflict, one where they have a housing shortage to provide, among other things, and another to not build in a noise-exposed environment. For the future, everyone in the study agreed that creating conditions for a sustainable urban structure to minimize the spread of the city to take advantage of the infrastructure that already exists is important.The conclusion that could be drawn is that a good living environment requires good planning, interaction and recommendations that safeguard human health and life in connection with human needs. The progress of population growth and the need for urban densification requires in some cases deviations from the guideline values that exist today, even the possibility of technical solutions being accepted to some extent. The laws are designed to protect human life and health, which is not always reflected in reality. The recommendations and rules for noise need to be clarified according to the interpretation made by länsstyrelsen regarding target values. It should also be possible to deviate from the guideline values according to the conditions of the location. Proximity to the city's activities and infrastructure is the important factor in the interaction with the danger to health and life. Property owners need to take into account the technical solutions and designs of buildings to solve the problem of noise in interaction with the municipality's planning and länsstyrelsens supervision.

Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Jason Brody / Today, achieving higher residential densities is an integral part of most discussions on concepts such as sustainability, placemaking, smart growth and new urbanism. It is argued that high density environments can potentially improve quality of life through a range of social benefits. In attempting to achieve these benefits, often times, developments that provide more than a certain number of dwelling units are considered desirable and successful high-density developments. However, understanding high residential density merely in terms of an increase in the number of dwelling units over an area of development might not help realize meaningful social benefits; in fact it could result in problems such as parking constraints, increased vehicular traffic, crowding, and eventually abandonment. This implies a dilemma of understanding high density environments holistically. Using literature review and design exploration as two key research methods, this project aims at resolving this dilemma by presenting a holistic understanding of desirable high-density environments. The research works on the idea that high densities are a matter of design and performance. Through synthesis of literature review and explorative design findings, this research focuses on the qualitative aspects of high density environments that make them meaningful and desirable. Through synthesis of literature review and design findings, the research finds that desirable high density environments should (a) Be Physically Compact; (b) Support Urbanity; and (c) Offer Livability and Sense of Place. These three qualitative aspects of high density environments are critical in determining how well such environments perform. The research further proposes eight meaningful goals and seventeen specific guidelines to achieve aforementioned three qualities that influence the performance of high density developments. In addition to these principles and guidelines, opportunities and challenges posed by explorative design exercises also allows identifying certain supplementary guidelines necessary to strengthen the framework. Together, these findings result in a theoretical framework that may be used as an effective design and evaluation tool in considering high density environments. This framework is named “Density Dynamics” to signify various morphological and socio-economic dynamics involved in a holistic understanding of high density environments.

Esta pesquisa teve como ponto de partida o viés do adensamento em áreas urbanas consolidadas - dotadas de infraestrutura, serviços urbanos e ofertas de emprego - servindo de alternativa à expansão periférica, apresentando-se como potencial para a produção habitacional e para o adensamento construtivo. E assim, uma questão se fez pertinente: construir com o coeficiente de aproveitamento (C.A.) máximo permitido pela legislação urbana (Plano Diretor Estratégico do município de São Paulo), numa dada área da cidade, é uma garantia do atendimento da qualidade ambiental de seus edifícios? A pesquisa foi estruturada na busca por responder a esta questão. Seu objeto é a implantação dos edifícios residenciais na cidade de São Paulo, dentro do contexto de C.A. máximo permitido pela legislação. Como objetivo tem-se o estabelecimento de procedimentos para avaliação de desempenho térmico, acústico e luminoso das unidades habitacionais dos edifícios implantados na quadra de estudo, em área central da cidade de São Paulo. O método é essencialmente analítico com base na ferramenta de simulação computacional TAO: uma metodologia para implantação de edificação - ênfase no desempenho térmico, acústico, luminoso e energético (ALUCCI, 2007), para a entrada de dados e modelagem da quadra de estudo. O trabalho incluiu procedimentos de levantamento de dados primários através de pesquisa de campo. Como produto da tese tem-se: (I) critérios ambientais que orientarão as escolhas dos arquitetos quanto às distintas alternativas de implantação da edificação no terreno, (II) a flexibilização das decisões de projeto, considerando a realidade local e contemplando, principalmente, as intenções e o partido adotado pelo arquiteto, (III) ao optar por qualquer alternativa de implantação, é possível estimar o desempenho da edificação para todos os critérios de desempenho, (IV) resultados distintos do 1° e do último pavimento tipo, o que aponta a necessidade de projeto de pavimento tipo diferentes, o que ordenará o desenho do edifício, (V) metodologia para avaliação de desempenho térmico, acústico e luminoso do edifício, (VI) proposta de ocupação de quadra e avaliação de desempenho térmico, acústico e luminoso das edificações. / This research took as a starting point the densification of consolidated urban areas - with infrastructure, urban services and jobs - as an alternative to peripheral expansion, posing as potential for housing production and the constructive consolidation. So a question became relevant: Does the use of maximum Floor Area Ratio (FAR) allowed by the urban legislation (Strategic Master Plan of São Paulo) in a given area of the city ensure compliance with environmental quality of its buildings? The research was structured aiming to answer this question. The object of investigation is the implementation of the residential buildings in the city of São Paulo within the maximum FAR allowed by law. The objective has been to establish procedures for assessing thermal, acoustic and luminous performance of housing units in buildings of the study block, in the central area of São Paulo. The method is essentially analytical, based on computational simulation tool TAO: methodology for building\'s site planning to optimize thermal, acoustics, lighting and energy performance (ALUCCI, 2007), for the input of data and modeling study block. The work included collection of primary data through a field survey. As the product of the research we have: (I) environmental criteria to guide the choice of architects among different alternative for site plans, (II) the flexibility of design decisions, considering the local reality and contemplating mainly the approach adopted by the architect, (III) Once the site plan is defined it is possible to estimate the performance of the building for various criteria, (IV) different results of the 1st and last floor type, which points the need for different types of design for the ground floor, (V) methodology for evaluating thermal performance, acoustic and light of buildings, (VI) block site plan proposal and evaluation of its thermal, acoustic and luminous performance.

Neste trabalho foi avaliado o conceito de densidade urbana adotado pelo processo de certificação AQUA (Alta Qualidade Ambiental) Bairros e Loteamentos emitido pela Fundação Vanzolini. Para analisar a aplicação prática dos critérios de desempenho exigidos foi realizado um estudo de caso do primeiro bairro brasileiro certificado pela fundação Vanzolini, o Jardim das Perdizes na cidade de São Paulo. Para análise crítica foram adotados conceitos de sustentabilidade urbana aplicada ao critério de densidade urbana como adensamento de cidade, compactação de edifícios e uso do solo. O estudo foi feito com base no \"Referencial Técnico de Certificação\" - Processo AQUA - (Bairros e Loteamentos/ Set 2011) Versão 0. Trata-se da primeira versão publicada pela Fundação Vanzolini. O referencial foi baseado numa adaptação da certificação original existente na França, o Démarche HQE(TM) Aménagement, da fundação francesa Certivéa. A escolha desse referencial deve-se ao fato do processo de certificação AQUA se propor a adequar-se a realidade brasileira, com base em normas do país e contexto local. A metodologia do trabalho consistiu em analisar os critérios apresentados pelo referencial de certificação servindo como indicador de metas a serem atingidas para obtenção de um planejamento urbano sustentável no que se refere ao tema de densidade urbana. A partir do conhecimento da ferramenta de certificação AQUA Bairros e loteamentos e com base em bibliografia referencial foram analisadas criticamente as metas propostas e sua compatibilidade com o meio urbano em estudo, o estudo de caso Jardim das Perdizes. / This study evaluated the concept of urban density adopted by AQUA (Alta Qualidade Ambiental - High Environmental Quality ) certification process Neighborhoods and Allotments issued by Vanzolini. To analyze the practice of applying performance criteria required has been analyzed a case study of Brazil\'s first certified neighborhood by foundation Vanzolini, the Jardim das Perdizes in Sao Paulo. For critical analysis of concepts of urban sustainability criteria applied to urban density and densification of the city, compaction of buildings and land use were adopted. The study was based on the technical reference AQUA Neighborhoods \"Referencial Técnico de Certificação\" - Processo AQUA ( Bairros e loteamentos / Sep 2011) Versão 0 . This is the first published version by Vanzolini. The framework was based on an original adaptation of existing certification in France , the HQE (TM) Démarche Aménagement , the French foundation Certivéa . The choice of this framework is due to the fact that AQUA certification process is proposed to adapt to the Brazilian reality, based on standards of the country and local context . The methodology of the study was to examine the criteria submitted by the benchmark certification serving as an indicator of targets to be met to achieve sustainable urban planning with regard to the topic of urban density. From the knowledge of the certification tool AQUA Neighborhoods and subdivisions and based on reference literature were critically analyzed the proposed goals and their compatibility with the urban environment under study, the case study of the Jardim das Perdizes.

Neste trabalho foi avaliado o conceito de densidade urbana adotado pelo processo de certificação AQUA (Alta Qualidade Ambiental) Bairros e Loteamentos emitido pela Fundação Vanzolini. Para analisar a aplicação prática dos critérios de desempenho exigidos foi realizado um estudo de caso do primeiro bairro brasileiro certificado pela fundação Vanzolini, o Jardim das Perdizes na cidade de São Paulo. Para análise crítica foram adotados conceitos de sustentabilidade urbana aplicada ao critério de densidade urbana como adensamento de cidade, compactação de edifícios e uso do solo. O estudo foi feito com base no \"Referencial Técnico de Certificação\" - Processo AQUA - (Bairros e Loteamentos/ Set 2011) Versão 0. Trata-se da primeira versão publicada pela Fundação Vanzolini. O referencial foi baseado numa adaptação da certificação original existente na França, o Démarche HQE(TM) Aménagement, da fundação francesa Certivéa. A escolha desse referencial deve-se ao fato do processo de certificação AQUA se propor a adequar-se a realidade brasileira, com base em normas do país e contexto local. A metodologia do trabalho consistiu em analisar os critérios apresentados pelo referencial de certificação servindo como indicador de metas a serem atingidas para obtenção de um planejamento urbano sustentável no que se refere ao tema de densidade urbana. A partir do conhecimento da ferramenta de certificação AQUA Bairros e loteamentos e com base em bibliografia referencial foram analisadas criticamente as metas propostas e sua compatibilidade com o meio urbano em estudo, o estudo de caso Jardim das Perdizes. / This study evaluated the concept of urban density adopted by AQUA (Alta Qualidade Ambiental - High Environmental Quality ) certification process Neighborhoods and Allotments issued by Vanzolini. To analyze the practice of applying performance criteria required has been analyzed a case study of Brazil\'s first certified neighborhood by foundation Vanzolini, the Jardim das Perdizes in Sao Paulo. For critical analysis of concepts of urban sustainability criteria applied to urban density and densification of the city, compaction of buildings and land use were adopted. The study was based on the technical reference AQUA Neighborhoods \"Referencial Técnico de Certificação\" - Processo AQUA ( Bairros e loteamentos / Sep 2011) Versão 0 . This is the first published version by Vanzolini. The framework was based on an original adaptation of existing certification in France , the HQE (TM) Démarche Aménagement , the French foundation Certivéa . The choice of this framework is due to the fact that AQUA certification process is proposed to adapt to the Brazilian reality, based on standards of the country and local context . The methodology of the study was to examine the criteria submitted by the benchmark certification serving as an indicator of targets to be met to achieve sustainable urban planning with regard to the topic of urban density. From the knowledge of the certification tool AQUA Neighborhoods and subdivisions and based on reference literature were critically analyzed the proposed goals and their compatibility with the urban environment under study, the case study of the Jardim das Perdizes.

Esta pesquisa teve como ponto de partida o viés do adensamento em áreas urbanas consolidadas - dotadas de infraestrutura, serviços urbanos e ofertas de emprego - servindo de alternativa à expansão periférica, apresentando-se como potencial para a produção habitacional e para o adensamento construtivo. E assim, uma questão se fez pertinente: construir com o coeficiente de aproveitamento (C.A.) máximo permitido pela legislação urbana (Plano Diretor Estratégico do município de São Paulo), numa dada área da cidade, é uma garantia do atendimento da qualidade ambiental de seus edifícios? A pesquisa foi estruturada na busca por responder a esta questão. Seu objeto é a implantação dos edifícios residenciais na cidade de São Paulo, dentro do contexto de C.A. máximo permitido pela legislação. Como objetivo tem-se o estabelecimento de procedimentos para avaliação de desempenho térmico, acústico e luminoso das unidades habitacionais dos edifícios implantados na quadra de estudo, em área central da cidade de São Paulo. O método é essencialmente analítico com base na ferramenta de simulação computacional TAO: uma metodologia para implantação de edificação - ênfase no desempenho térmico, acústico, luminoso e energético (ALUCCI, 2007), para a entrada de dados e modelagem da quadra de estudo. O trabalho incluiu procedimentos de levantamento de dados primários através de pesquisa de campo. Como produto da tese tem-se: (I) critérios ambientais que orientarão as escolhas dos arquitetos quanto às distintas alternativas de implantação da edificação no terreno, (II) a flexibilização das decisões de projeto, considerando a realidade local e contemplando, principalmente, as intenções e o partido adotado pelo arquiteto, (III) ao optar por qualquer alternativa de implantação, é possível estimar o desempenho da edificação para todos os critérios de desempenho, (IV) resultados distintos do 1° e do último pavimento tipo, o que aponta a necessidade de projeto de pavimento tipo diferentes, o que ordenará o desenho do edifício, (V) metodologia para avaliação de desempenho térmico, acústico e luminoso do edifício, (VI) proposta de ocupação de quadra e avaliação de desempenho térmico, acústico e luminoso das edificações. / This research took as a starting point the densification of consolidated urban areas - with infrastructure, urban services and jobs - as an alternative to peripheral expansion, posing as potential for housing production and the constructive consolidation. So a question became relevant: Does the use of maximum Floor Area Ratio (FAR) allowed by the urban legislation (Strategic Master Plan of São Paulo) in a given area of the city ensure compliance with environmental quality of its buildings? The research was structured aiming to answer this question. The object of investigation is the implementation of the residential buildings in the city of São Paulo within the maximum FAR allowed by law. The objective has been to establish procedures for assessing thermal, acoustic and luminous performance of housing units in buildings of the study block, in the central area of São Paulo. The method is essentially analytical, based on computational simulation tool TAO: methodology for building\'s site planning to optimize thermal, acoustics, lighting and energy performance (ALUCCI, 2007), for the input of data and modeling study block. The work included collection of primary data through a field survey. As the product of the research we have: (I) environmental criteria to guide the choice of architects among different alternative for site plans, (II) the flexibility of design decisions, considering the local reality and contemplating mainly the approach adopted by the architect, (III) Once the site plan is defined it is possible to estimate the performance of the building for various criteria, (IV) different results of the 1st and last floor type, which points the need for different types of design for the ground floor, (V) methodology for evaluating thermal performance, acoustic and light of buildings, (VI) block site plan proposal and evaluation of its thermal, acoustic and luminous performance.

[pt] A Prefeitura de Bogotá, publicou em 2015 o Plano Urbanístico do Centro Ampliado de Bogotá (PUCAB) cujo objetivo principal era diminuir a segregação socioespacial evidente nos limites geográficos da cidade, onde nas periferias habita a classe socioeconômica baixa, e no centro da cidade habitam as classes média e alta, ao mesmo tempo em que é almejado o adensamento da cidade, alocando pessoas num número equivalente ao aumento populacional para o ano 2020 no setor analisado e delimitado geograficamente sob condições de mobilidade de tempos de chegada aos polos de emprego em máximo 20 minutos nos transportes públicos e 10 minutos a pé até as estações dos sistemas coletivos, isso desde qualquer ponto dentro do setor do Centro Ampliado. A partir do objetivo geral de alocar pessoas de classe socioeconômica baixa no centro da cidade e, das variáveis de delimitação geográfica, deduz-se a intensão de alocar à população adensada em zonas em que são permitidos os percursos curtos lar-trabalho-lar, de onde surge a hipótese de tese do não cumprimento de tempos máximos de 20 minutos nos transportes públicos ainda submetidos ao transito veicular no setor do PUCAB; comprovação feita com base nas pesquisas da Secretaria Distrital de Mobilidade (2015). Avalia-se o limite geográfico do setor do PUCAB e se apresentam metodologias de priorização de adensamento em zonas em que são permitidos os deslocamentos curtos das casas à maior oferta de emprego e, outras atividades habituais dos cidadãos. / [en] The Bogota Humana series (2015) published a book entitled Urbanistic Plan for the Enlarged Bogota s Downtown (PUCAB in Spanish) aimed at turning Bogota into a more egalitarian and environmentally friendly city, with spaces where sustainable mobility is promoted. Among other objectives, the book proposes a structured densification of the historical downtown and nearby sectors of Bogotá, the Colombian capital city. The project intended to mitigate the existing sociospatial segregation characterized by low class people living towards the city periphery and middle-high classes living in the so-called Enlarged Downtown. The search for social inclusion should be promoted in Bogota by forcing spatial inclusion, i.e., by dislocating low class population to central areas equipped with better public facilities (TORRES et al. 2009). The dislocated population will benefit from subsidies programs similar to the ones they now receive. The advantages of concentrating low class residences close to high employment areas are obvious as most of these people have precarious labor conditions and commute long distances (ALCALDÍA DE BOGOTÁ, 2015). The economy of Bogota is mostly based in factories and sales, which employ low class employers (GUTIÉRREZ, 2011). This fact underscores the convenience of dislocating these people who presently commute mostly from the periphery, so that they can get better access to jobs with shorter commutes, and eventually to other job offers. The densification initiative is understood as an activity that precedes economic growth for the city and the country, while improving urban mobility through decreasing pendulum-like tides, originated by people who live in the periphery and work downtown. Though urban zoning is coherent with the Urban Plan main goal regarding socio-spatial segregation, it is not part of the land zoning variables defined in the same document. Because of this, there is a discussion about the environmental and socio viability of densifying the enlarged Bogota downtown. The discussion is mentioned but scarcely analyzed in the Urban Plan.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17878号 / 工博第3787号 / 新制||工||1579(附属図書館) / 30698 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 中川 大, 教授 谷口 栄一, 准教授 松中 亮治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

The negative effects of external trade on urban life have long been a subject of discussion, especially regarding its impact on central urban environments. Studies indicate that urban life decreases when retail moves out of city centers, leading to less activity and fewer spontaneous encounters in the city center. At the same time, sustainability issues and the creation of vibrant urban environments are highly prioritized by municipalities. The purpose of this thesis is to identify factors that can improve urban life in Borlänge city center and propose concrete improvements. Through a combination of site analysis, visual analysis, and literature review, a comprehensive urban analysis has been conducted. The work includes various field studies to understand both the strengths and weaknesses that characterize Borlänge city center. The results of the analysis have formed the basis for recommendations aimed at increasing the attractiveness and functionality of the city center. Suggestions include strengthening routes with high potential for urban life, overcoming physical and social barriers, reducing the dominance of car traffic, and integrating more green areas and meeting places. Through these measures, we strive to create a more inviting and sustainable urban environment that promotes social interaction and activity in Borlänge city center. This work demonstrates how the physical environment can be transformed to revive urban life and enhance the attractiveness of the city center, with the goal of creating a sustainable and lively city where people enjoy spending time. / Externhandelns negativa effekter på stadslivet har länge varit ett ämne för diskussion, särskilt med avseende på hur den påverkar centrala stadsmiljöer. Studier visar att stadslivet minskar när detaljhandeln flyttar ut från stadskärnorna, vilket leder till mindre aktivitet och färre spontana möten i stadens centrum. Samtidigt är hållbarhetsfrågor och skapandet av levande stadsmiljöer högt prioriterade av kommunerna. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att identifiera faktorer som kan förbättra stadslivet i Borlänge centrum och föreslå konkreta förbättringar. Genom en kombination av platsanalyser, visuella analyser och litteraturstudier har en omfattande stadsanalys genomförts. Arbetet inkluderar olika fältstudier för att förstå både de styrkor och svagheter som karaktäriserar Borlänge centrum. Resultaten av analysen har legat till grund för rekommendationer som syftar till att öka attraktiviteten och funktionaliteten i stadskärnan. Förslagen inkluderar att stärka stråk med hög potential för stadslivet, övervinna fysiska och sociala barriärer, minska biltrafikens dominans, och integrera fler grönområden och mötesplatser. Genom dessa åtgärder strävar vi efter att skapa en mer inbjudande och hållbar stadsmiljö som främjar social interaktion och aktivitet i Borlänge centrum. Detta arbete visar hur den fysiska miljön kan omformas för att återuppliva stadslivet och stärka stadskärnans attraktivitet, med målet att skapa en hållbar och livfull stad där människor trivs och gärna vistas.

La evolución es intrínseca en el ser humano y con nosotros evoluciona nuestro entorno. La industria de la construcción a manos de la necesidad del hombre, busca no solo un crecimiento horizontal territorial, sino también uno vertical. Sin embargo, esta proyección en las alturas se limita a una gestión plenamente espacial con poco interés en la capacidad de tránsito y zonas de refugio del agente humano durante un evento sísmico. Esta investigación realiza una evaluación de un escenario real existente del tramo de la avenida en estudio y el análisis de escenarios hipotéticos con variación del ancho de la zona de refugio. De este modo, se propone valores límite de altura y densidad poblacional de edificaciones para una Gestión Prospectiva del Riesgo Sísmico teniendo como ejemplo base un tramo de la Av. San Felipe en Lima-Perú. Se realizó el análisis de una evacuación eficiente de las edificaciones hacia la zona de refugio con modelos basados en el agente con el software Pathfinder, modelos tridimensionales (BIM), se analizó tiempos de evacuación, la influencia de las edificaciones, comportamiento humano y los parámetros urbanísticos zonales. Los resultados del presente trabajo establecen gráficamente la pertinente relación directa de la altura máxima permisible de los edificios proyectados con el ancho de la zona de refugio para una correcta evacuación. Como ejemplo se tiene un tramo de la Av. San Felipe con 7m de ancho de la zona de refugio correspondiente a 18 pisos como altura límite en los 10 edificios adyacentes considerando una longitud frontal total de 144m. / Evolution is intrinsic to human beings and our environment evolves with us. The construction industry at the hands of man's need, seeks not only a territorial horizontal growth, but also a vertical one. However, this projection in the heights is limited to a fully spatial management with little interest in the transit capacity and refuge areas of the human agent during a seismic event. This research carries out an evaluation of a real existing scenario of the section of the avenue under study and the analysis of hypothetical scenarios with variation in the width of the refuge area. In this way, limit values ​​of height and population density of buildings are proposed for a Prospective Management of Seismic Risk, taking as a base example a section of Av. San Felipe in Lima-Peru. The analysis of an efficient evacuation of the buildings towards the refuge area was carried out with models based on the agent with the Pathfinder software, three-dimensional models (BIM), evacuation times, the influence of the buildings, human behavior and the parameters were analyzed. zonal urban planning. The results of the present work graphically establish the pertinent direct relationship of the maximum permissible height of the projected buildings with the width of the refuge area for a correct evacuation. As an example, there is a section of Av. San Felipe with a 7m width of the refuge area corresponding to 18 floors as the limit height in the 10 adjacent buildings considering a total frontal length of 144m. / Tesis