Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / In addition to football and basketball, volleyball has become a very popular sport globally over the last 30 years. The International Federation of Volleyball represents about 150 million players in approximately 170 countries. While a large body of research has been conducted regarding the nature and prevalence of volleyball injuries internationally, very little has been done locally or on the African continent to assess the status of injuries incurred at professional or amateur levels. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of injuries sustained by professional volleyball players of a club in the WPVU in one season. An exploratory, descriptive, nonexperimental approach was used for this study on 42 volleyball players at the University of the Western Cape Volleyball Club. A self–administered questionnaire that was based on a questionnaire used in a Dutch national volleyball study was used in the present study. A response rate of 89.4% was obtained. The collected data were captured and analysed by means of the Statistical Package for Social Science version 14.0 (SPSS). The associations between variables were evaluated by means of the chi-square test and a 5% level of significance was used. The results were displayed using tables, bar chart, and pie chart. Most of the volleyball players sustained one or more injuries in the season, giving a prevalence rate of 88.1%. The incidence rate was 1.2 injuries per player. Injuries prevalence was higher among male players 54.1% than female players 45.9%. Among the injured players, ankle and knee injuries showed the highest injury prevalence with 25.5% for each followed by 19.6% for shoulder injuries. The study revealed 69.2% injury prevalence with a higher significance (p=0.04) that players who are injured in the ankle were in contact. Half of the injuries (50%), which occurred gradually, were prevalent in the shoulder, followed by the knee (28.6%), then the ankle and fingers (14.3%). Players in the left and right front row were significantly (p=0.008) more prone to be injured during spiking. Awareness programmes highlighting prevention strategies and physiotherapy intervention are required for coaches and players at the University of the Western Cape Volleyball Club to assist in the prevention of volleyball injuries

Abstract The aim of this thesis is to analyze the situation of the sports club operating in the economic environment of the Czech Republic. An important part is the analysis of the club's economic cycle and financial resources. The main part of the thesis is a detailed overview of fundraising for running a sports club, from grant programs from private sponsors and membership fees. After evaluating the revenue is followed by an overview of the cost of a comprehensive evaluation of the financial cycle in the sports club.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo de habilidades técnicas do ataque da posição quatro e por meio do modelo, analisar o comportamento do ataque da posição quatro na categoria infanto-juvenil masculina. Para o primeiro objetivo, utilizou-se do método delphi, entrevistando-se em dois momentos distintos (1ª e 2ª etapas) 14 treinadores das seleções brasileiras de voleibol masculina e feminina. Enquanto que na primeira etapa foi delineada a estrutura do modelo, na segunda, foi possível elaborar o modelo propriamente dito a partir do nível esperado de consenso. Os resultados demonstraram que, para as onze situações de bloqueio, cento e setenta e duas habilidades técnicas foram relacionadas pelos treinadores, entre as quais, somente quatro (SBT1-I, SBT1-J, SBT3-A e SBT3-S) não alcançaram o critério de consenso estabelecido (média, moda, mediana igual ou superior a 4.0 e desvio padrão igual ou inferior a 0,65). Para o segundo objetivo, foram observados doze jogos em campeonatos mundiais dos anos 2005 e 2007, nos quais foram analisados valores de freqüência de ocorrência e eficácia. Os resultados mostraram maiores ocorrências nas situações de bloqueios duplos seguidas dos bloqueios simples e triplos. Quanto às habilidades técnicas, a corrida de aproximação em diagonal foi a mais utilizada pelos atacantes com opção de ataque direto. As habilidades com ataque explorando o bloqueio ocorreram com maior freqüência frente aos bloqueios duplos e triplos compactos. A análise de correlação de Spearman detectou baixo nível de associação entre freqüência de ocorrência e eficácia. Contudo, a análise de regressão logística (binária e multinomial) entre as habilidades mais freqüentes permitiu verificar que a SBD1-A foi a situação/habilidade que mais ocorreu, no entanto, com menores chances de sucesso entre a maioria das situações/habilidades investigadas. As habilidades técnicas empregadas nas situações de bloqueio simples obtiveram maiores chances de sucesso que as habilidades utilizadas nos bloqueios duplos. Os resultados destacaram o aspecto situacional do ataque, o qual revelou necessidade de aplicação de habilidades técnicas específicas em determinadas estruturas de bloqueio para se obter o sucesso / The objective of this study was to develop a model for attack technical skills in zone four and to analyze the performance of young players through this model. In the first case, through the delphi method and in two distinct moments (1st and 2nd phases), fourteen coaches of the Brazilian male and female teams were interviewed. The structure of the model was designed in the first phase and, by means of consensus, the model itself was eventually designed in the second phase. Results evidenced that 170 attack technical skills were reported by the coaches in eleven block situations, and only four (SBT1-I, SBT1-J, SBT3-A e SBT3-S) did not reach the consensus level (mean, mode, median equal or above 4.0 and standard deviation 0,65). In the second case, twelve games were analyzed during the world championships in years 2005 and 2007 in the frequency and efficacy of actions. The results from the analysis of attack performances from zone four during the world championships showed a larger number in double blocks followed by simple and triple blocks. As for technical skills, the type of run with diagonal approach was the most used by attack players with the option of direct attack. Techniques where attack explores blocking were most common in compact double and triple blocks. The Spearman correlation analysis showed no relation between frequency and efficacy. However, a logistic regression analysis (binary and multinomial) between the most frequent techniques evidenced that SBD1-A block/skill situation was the most frequent but least likely to success. Technical skills in simple block situations were more likely to be successful than those in double blocks. The results also highlighted the situational aspect of attack that requires specific technical skills for certain block structures to be successful

O fenômeno da compensação pode ser identificado em atletas que atuam no mesmo nível de desempenho esportivo, mas, que tenham características morfológicas e funcionais diferentes. Algumas características podem apresentar escores baixos (em relação a seus pares), e são compensadas por outras com escores altos. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi verificar a existência do fenômeno da compensação em atletas de voleibol infanto-juvenis e adultas por meio de características antropométricas, de aptidão física e psicossociais. As discussões foram realizadas em quatro etapas. Na primeira etapa, foram descritas as características antropométricas, somatotípicas, de aptidão física e psicossociais. Na segunda etapa, foram verificados a idade de início da prática esportiva no vôlei e quantos anos de treinamento cada atleta tinha acumulado em sua carreira. Na terceira etapa, foram averiguadas as semelhanças e as diferenças na combinação dos perfis antropométrico, de aptidão física e psicossocial das atletas, por meio de escores padronizados. Na quarta e última etapa, foi constatada a efetividade da seleção de talentos considerando-se duas variáveis determinantes para o voleibol: a estatura e a impulsão vertical. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que é possível identificar o fenômeno da compensação em atletas de voleibol do mesmo nível de desempenho esportivo. / The compensation phenomenon may be identified in athletes that compete at the same performance level, but achieve this performance level through distinct morphological and functional characteristics. An athlete may present lower scores in some characteristics, but he can compensate them having higher scores in others. The aim of this study was to identify the compensation phenomenon in junior and in senior female volleyball players through anthropometric, motor abilities and psychosocial characteristics. The analysis of the compensation phenomenon was performed in a four-step approach. In the first step, anthropometric, somatotype, motor abilities and psychosocial characteristics were described. In the second step, age of practice start and years each athlete had accumulated in the training career were described. In the third step, similarities and differences of the athletes were analyzed through the combination of anthropometric, motor abilities and psychosocial profile scores padronization. Finally, in the fourth, the efficiency of talent selection was verified considering two determinant characteristics of volleyball players: height and vertical jump. The results showed that is possible to identify the compensation phenomenon in athletes that compete in the same level of sport performance.

A formação de atletas é um fenômeno multidimensional e dinâmico. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar, em atletas de voleibol feminino, fatores relevantes nesse processo. Para tal foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, com a combinação de métodos quantitativos (análises descritivas, de variância e discriminantes) e qualitativos (entrevistas). Foram utilizados dados de 187 jovens atletas, coletados em 2003. 21 dessas atletas foram entrevistadas em 2012. Desse grupo 10 atletas (grupo SL) permaneciam atuando no alto nível (Superliga Nacional 2011/2012) e 11 atletas não estavam mais atuando na Superliga ou haviam abandonado o esporte (grupo nSL). Comparando as atletas SL com as nSL (em 2003), houve diferença significativa (respectivamente) na estatura (180,2 ± 6,9 e 172,1± 5,6 cm), no alcance de bloqueio (270 e 252 cm), alcance de ataque (277,7 e 261,9 cm) e idade de início no voleibol (11,6 e 10,8 anos). Em 2012 a estatura também foi significativamente maior no grupo SL (184,5 ± 6,9 cm) do que no grupo nSL (175,9 ± 4,6 cm). Na análise de função discriminante stepwise realizada, as variáveis alcance de bloqueio e dobra cutânea abdominal, foram capazes de discriminar as atletas do grupo SL das demais, classificando corretamente 84,7% dos casos do grupo nSL e 90% do grupo SL. Na análise das entrevistas observou-se que há muitas semelhanças entre os grupos, como: praticaram outras modalidades; a maioria das \"peneiras\" de que participaram foi realizada com bate-bola e jogo; jogaram na categoria acima e se sentiam valorizadas por isso, apesar de cansadas; apontaram a família como principal fonte de apoio; sentiram dificuldades em conciliar o estudo com as obrigações da vida de atleta. As atletas do grupo SL foram mais influenciadas pela família na escolha da modalidade; participaram de vários Campeonatos Brasileiros e algumas seleções brasileiras de base; estão defasadas quanto à escolaridade. Os fatores mais apontados para a permanência das atletas SL no processo foram o retorno financeiro (100%) e o prazer pela prática esportiva (60%). Elas desistiriam da prática caso houvesse problemas com a família (30%), se não tivessem uma boa proposta (20%), e outras, não desistiriam por nada (20%). Os motivos de desistência mais apontados pelas atletas nSL foram os estudos (36,7%) e dificuldades financeiras (27,3%). As atletas valorizam mais os técnicos pelo ensino do voleibol e pelo apoio, no entanto, 30% das atletas SL e 36,4% das nSL, relataram sérios conflitos com estes, a ponto de desistirem. É esperado que a estatura, e variáveis altamente relacionadas a esta, discriminem atletas de níveis diferentes no voleibol, assim como variáveis relacionadas à gordura corporal. No entanto, outros aspectos podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de atletas de talento, como a formação adequada dos técnicos para lidarem com os diferentes aspectos do desenvolvimento das atletas. Manter o prazer pela prática é muito importante e essa condição pode ser favorecida com uma carga de treino e competição adequada. Além disso, a atleta deve ter a oportunidade de estudar e de manter contato com a família, pois é aquela que proporciona o suporte principal / The development of athletes is a dynamic multi-dimensional phenomenon. The purpose of this study was identify among female volleyball athletes, relevant factors in this development process. A retrospective study was performed, combining quantitative methods (descriptive, variance and discriminant analysis) with qualitative ones (interviews). Were utilized data from a sample of 187 young athletes, collected in 2003. 21 of these athletes were interviewed in 2012. From this group 10 (SL group) participated in high-level competition on the Brazilian National Championship (season 2011/2012), and 11 (nSL group) were not at Brazilian National Championship or had abandoned the sport. Comparing the athletes from groups SL and nSL (in 2003), there was a significant difference on height, respectively: 180.2 cm and 172.1 cm; on blocking reach: 270 cm and 252 cm; attacking reach: 277.7 and 262.9 cm; and age of start practicing volleyball, respectively 11,6 e 10,8 years old. In 2012 the height was significantly higher too in the SL group (184,5 ± 6,9 cm) than in the nSL group (175,9 ± 4,6 cm). The stepwise discriminant analysis performed, indicated that the blocking reach and subcutaneous abdominal fold were capable of differentiating between SL and nSL groups, correctly labeling 84.7% of nSL cases and 90% of SL ones. Interview analysis showed that are many similarities across the two groups, such as: practice of another sport before volleyball, the majority of selection processes they passed, happened through ball exercises and game, have played with theirs and older teams and felt recognized by it (despite being tired), have family as main support, have difficulties in conciliating studies and practice. SL group athletes had choice volleyball influenced by family; they participated in several Brazilian Young Championships and some played in the young national team; they also fell behind in terms of school/college degrees. SL athletes appointed financial returns (100%) and the volleyball practice joy (60%) as the main factors to continue the practice. They would gave up practicing due to conflicts with family (30%), lack of good contracts (20%), and others said that would never stop (20%). Some nSL athletes had quit due to studies (36.7%) and financial difficulties (27.3%). Athletes value coaches the most for the volleyball knowledge and support. However, the athletes SL (30%) and nSL (36.4%) also reported serious conflicts with coaches, to the point that made them consider quitting. It is expected that height, and all its correlated variables, can identify volleyball athletes of different levels, as well as variables related to body fat. However, other factors can also contribute to the development of talented athletes such as a proper coach training to deal with the different aspects of the development of athletes. It is important that the athlete keep joy in playing, condition that will be favored by adequate level of training and competition. In addition the athlete should have the opportunity to study and keep in touch with family, which is the one that provides the main support

Entre os efeitos ergogênicos levantados pela literatura da creatina estão, aumento de massa muscular, capacidade antioxidante, efeito de tamponamento e redução da lesão muscular ocasionada por exercícios físicos. Visto que a suplementação de creatina pode atenuar danos induzidos pelo exercício físico e influenciar diretamente o sistema ATP-CP, predominante da modalidade de voleibol, o presente estudo propôs o uso da suplementação de creatina associada ao carboidrato durante sete dias, concomitante à realização de um protocolo de indução de dano muscular a fim de investigar a capacidade de manter a integridade da célula muscular por meio de marcadores de lesão muscular e avaliar sua influência no teste de desempenho físico. Foi realizado um estudo duplo cego, randomizado com 14 atletas de voleibol, no qual foi suplementado creatina ou placebo por um período de 7 dias (fase de carga) e 4 dias (fase de manutenção). Antes e após as fases de suplementação os atletas foram submetidos ao teste de desempenho físico e a coleta de sangue para avaliar concentrações de creatina quinase, creatina plasmática e lactato desidrogenase. Após a realização do protocolo de suplementação de creatina foi observado um aumento na concentração total de creatina plasmática, peso corporal e menor percepção de dor no grupo suplementado com creatina. Não foi encontrada diferença no desempenho de salto, potência relativa e marcadores bioquímicos de lesão muscular de ambos os grupos. Quanto a ingestão alimentar, foi observado um aumento no consumo de proteínas e gorduras. Concluiu-se que a suplementação de creatina associada ao carboidrato foi capaz de atenuar a percepção de dor em atletas de voleibol após protocolo de indução de lesão. / Among the ergogenic effects raised by the literature of creatine are, increased muscle mass, antioxidant capacity, buffering effect and reduction of muscle injury caused by physical exercise. Since creatine supplementation may attenuate exercise-induced damage and directly influence the predominant volleyball ATP-CP system, the present study proposed the use of carbohydrate-associated creatine supplementation for seven days, concomitant with the performance of one muscle damage induction protocol to investigate the ability of creatine to maintain muscle cell integrity through muscle injury markers and to assess their influence on the physical performance test. A double-blind, randomized study with 14 volleyball athletes was performed with the supplementation of creatine or placebo for a period of 7 days (loading phase) and 4 days (maintenance phase). Before and after the supplementation phases, athletes underwent physical performance test and blood collection to evaluate concentrations of creatine kinase, plasma creatine and lactate dehydrogenase. After the creatine supplementation protocol an increase in plasma creatine total concentration, body weight and lower perception of pain in the creatine group was observed. No difference was found in the jump performance test, relative power and biochemical markers of muscle injury in both groups. Regarding food intake, there was observed an increase in protein and fat intake. In concluson, carbohydrate-associated creatine supplementation was able to attenuate the perception of pain in volleyball athletes after injury induction protocol.

No description available.

Title: Success rate monitoring of the selected volleyball spiker game moves in the male extraleague. Aim: The aim of the thesis is to find out the success of the players in the hitter's position in the best eight teams of the men's volleyball extraleague on the pass and on the attack. Method: The thesis is based on empirical research using the technique of data collection using indirect observation, survey and video analysis of selected matches. Results: The results confirmed that the second spikers were better players in the passing ball than first spikers. It was further confirmed that the first spikers were better attacking players than second spikers. The first spikers were more used in the attack than second spikers, it wasn't confirmed. Keywords: Volleyball Spiker Pass Attack Male extraleague Statistics

The primary task of this thesis was to evaluate, quantify and objectify distances of movement of elite volleyball players in terms of individual game specializations in the horizontal plane of motion. Secondarily, these values were mutually compared. For evaluation was used 3D kinematic motion analysis. Analyzed homogeneous group consisted of senior volleyball players at the Champions League level (n = 14; age = 25 ± 6 years; height = 182.3 ± 6.2 cm; weight = 72.1 ± 5.8 kg). Processing were four sets, a total of 167 rallies. The average distance one player absolved for 167 rally was 1259.89 meters in whole game, per rally, this value was 8.8 m. The movement of players was divided by a total of four directions relative to the volleyball net forward, backward, left and right. The results showed a high degree of homogeneity in the external load players and brought objective values for comparison between the players' specializations. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Title: Quality of life in sitting volleyball players Objectives: The main goal of the thesis is to summarize and extend knowledge about sitting volleyball and to analyse quality of life in sitting volleyball players. Methods: For the analysis we have used standardized questionnaire from the World Health Organization in its short version named WHOQOL-BREF. 12 players (8 men, 4 women) with average age 40,6 years participated in the study. Results: The results of the questionnaire show, that quality of life in sitting volleyball players is better then quality of life of general population. We can deduce it from the fact, that their answers were better in three of four domains of the questionnaire (experiencing, social relations, surroundings). Only in the domain of physical health, sitting volleyball players showed worse results than general population, what could not be surprising due to their physical handicap. Keywords: paralympic sport, volleyball, resocialisation, amputation, WHOQOL- BREF