Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ion de Freitas.pdf: 802705 bytes, checksum: 4e00d50acf069e67f95c70b5e2f49f04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-10 / The goal of this study was to describe the dimension levels of social support (emotional and practical) and of emotional balance, to analyze its correlations and to investigate its relations with socio-demographic variables of a group of people who participate of a program of emotional and informational support in a charity institution of São Paulo. The researched sample, chosen randomly, consisted of 95 males and females with average age of 47, 99 years (SD=12,11). The gathering data instrument was an auto fill questionnaire composed by two measures which checked the variables of the study (perception, social support, positive and negative affects), besides the socio-demographic data. Descriptive statistic analyzes were used, differences between averages were tested, and correlation rates between variables were calculated as well. The results have shown that there are no significant differences in the perception of social support (emotional and practical) and the socio-demographic variables, sex, work, study, volunteering, time at the institution, level of education and marital status. The youngest, less than 30 years old, revealed more perception of social support (emotional and practical). They also revealed that there is no significant difference of the emotional balance towards the socio-demographic variable, except for the volunteer work which echoed expressive and positively over the emotional balance. The analyses of the relations between social support (emotional and practical) and age revealed the existence of a significant correlation, low and negative, that is, with an increase in age there s a tendency to lightly describe the perception of social support. The description of the levels of social support revealed that the perceptions of emotional and practical support (tangible and appraisal support) are significantly different, though the difference between the averages is small, prevailing the perception of higher emotional support. The description of the emotional balance scores showed that around three quarters of the interviewed have registered positive emotional balance and around one fourth have registered negative emotional balance. Significant correlation between emotional balance and age were not identified. The analyses of the relations between emotional support, practical support and emotional balance reveled significant and positive correlations, that is, with an increase in perception of the social support (emotional and practical) there is a tendency to increase the emotional balance. The results of this study might contribute to the comprehension of the psychological state of the investigated individuals, as well as, raise, to the managers of institutions, reflections on the improvement of assistential program services.(AU) / O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os níveis de dimensões de suporte social (emocional e prático) e de balanço emocional, analisar as suas correlações e investigar as suas relações com variáveis sócio demográficas de um grupo de pessoas que participam de programa de apoio emocional e informacional em uma instituição beneficente de São Paulo. A amostra pesquisada, escolhida aleatoriamente, consistiu de 95 pessoas do sexo masculino e feminino com idade média de 47,99 anos (DP=12,11). O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário de auto preenchimento composto por duas medidas que aferiram as variáveis de estudo (percepção de suporte social, afetos positivos e negativos), além dos dados sócio demográficos. Foram utilizadas análises estatísticas descritivas, testadas diferenças entre médias, bem como calculados os índices de correlação entre as variáveis. Os resultados mostraram que não há diferenças significativas na percepção de suporte social (emocional e prático) e as variáveis sócio demográficas sexo, trabalho, estudo, voluntariado, permanência na instituição, escolaridade e estado civil. Os mais jovens, com menos de 30 anos, revelaram maior percepção do suporte social (emocional e prático). Revelaram também que não há diferença significativa do balanço emocional em relação às variáveis sócio demográficas, com exceção do trabalho voluntário que repercutiu expressiva e positivamente no balanço emocional. A análise das relações entre suporte social (emocional e prático) e idade revelou existir uma correlação significativa, baixa e negativa, isto é, com o aumento da idade há uma tendência a decrescer levemente a percepção de suporte social. A descrição dos níveis de suporte social revelou que as percepções de suporte emocional e prático são significativamente diferentes, embora a diferença entre as médias seja pequena, prevalece a percepção de maior suporte emocional. A descrição dos escores de balanço emocional revelou que cerca de três quartos dos entrevistados registrou balanço emocional positivo e cerca de um quarto registrou balanço emocional negativo. Não foi constatada correlação significativa entre balanço emocional e idade. As análises das relações entre suporte emocional, suporte prático e balanço emocional revelaram correlações significativas e positivas, isto é, com um acréscimo na percepção de suporte social (emocional e prático) há a tendência de acréscimo no balanço emocional. Portanto, os resultados deste estudo poderão contribuir para a compreensão do quadro psicológico dos indivíduos pesquisados, bem como, suscitar aos gestores de instituições reflexões para o aprimoramento dos serviços de programas assistenciais.(AU)

This master diploma thesis examines the possibilities of personality development through the volunteer work, with a focus on the educational and pedagogical aspects, from the perspective of volunteers themselves. The theoretical part provides an insight into the concepts of personality development, including selected development theories, followed by part about role of education in a personal development, goals of education and selected educational concepts. The theoretical part ends with a chapter about volunteering in Czech context, with a focus on a process of volunteer professionalization and benefits of volunteering by research. The empirical part is mapping particularly an importance, benefits and pitfalls of volunteering from the point of view of volunteers themselves. The empirical part is based on qualitative research, where the acquired data is generated through semi-structured interviews. The research results show the specific benefits volunteering can provide to volunteers, describe the importance of volunteer work for volunteers themselves and identify the pitfalls that volunteer activity may entail. The master thesis concludes with evaluation of presented findings and suggestion of applicability of research conclusions for practice.

Syftet med studien var att öka förståelsen om upplevelsen av rollen som volontär inom det sociala arbetet med ungdomar och unga vuxna, genom att beskriva rollen som volontär utifrån upplevelsen av att agera som en ”icke-professionell” hjälpare gentemot sin målgrupp, och att tolka resultaten i relation till tidigare forskning på området. Sex semi-strukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med volontärer från fyra ideella föreningar. Intervjusvaren har analyserats med tematisk analys. Resultat och analys har presenterats i form av sex centrala teman som kommer redogöras för nedan.  Temat drivkrafterna beskriver varför man blivit volontär. En central drivkraft är att ge till andra men volontärer beskriver också hur den offentliga sektorn inte kan ge tillräckligt eller rätt typ av stöd för att stötta de unga. I temat hur engagerad ska man vara? illustreras skillnader i hur volontärerna ser på föreningsengagemanget, där vissa volontärer lägger stort engagemang i den ideella förening de tillhör medan andra fokuserar på grunduppdraget som volontär. Detta kan leda till frustration och slutsatsen dras att det finns svårigheter att identifiera en gemensam identitet kring hur engagerad man ska vara som volontär. I temat stå för ställningstaganden beskrivs hur volontärerna anser att det ingår i deras roll att stå för vissa värderingar och ställningstaganden. Volontärer delar spontant de flesta av föreningens värderingar men det ges också uttryck för ambivalens. Temat frihet på gott och ont skildrar hur frihet och kravlöshet är återkommande teman när volontärerna beskriver sin roll. Det handlar om friare arbetsförhållanden, mindre byråkrati, men också en känsla av frihet i mötet med den unge, jämfört med yrkeslivet. I temat känslan av otillräcklighet framställes en av baksidorna med friheten: en önskan att hjälpa mer än vad man kan göra i rollen som volontär. Detta område kopplas ihop med temat friheten på gott och ont, där ett resonemang förs om att bristen på mandat i rollen som volontär bidrar till känslan av otillräcklighet. I temat stöd från olika håll beskrivs hur volontärerna får stöd att hantera svårigheter. Stödet kommer från andra volontärer, föreningen, anhöriga och volontärerna har också personliga strategier. Vissa volontärer vill inte använda föreningens begränsade resurser för sina egna behov av stöd i rollen, vilket anses ha en koppling till volontäridentiteten. / The purpose of the study was to increase understanding of the experience of the role as a volunteer in social work with young people and young adults, by describing the role as a volunteer based on the experience of being a “non-professional” helper towards the target group, and interpret the results in relation to previous research in the field. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with volunteers from four non-profit organizations. The interviews have been analyzed with thematic analysis. Results and analyses have been presented in the form of six themes which are described below.  The theme driving forces describe the reasons why the respondents are active as volunteers. A central motivation is to give to others but there also an experience that the public sector cannot provide enough, or the right kind, of support to the youth. The theme how committed should one be? describes differences in the volunteers’ view on how active and involved a volunteer should be in the non-profit organization that they work for. Some volunteers place great commitment on the organization while others focus only on the volunteering task. This can lead to frustration and it is concluded that there are difficulties in identifying a common identity about how committed one should be as a volunteer. Support the statements illustrates how the volunteers see it as a part of their role to stand for certain values ​​and statements of the organization. Volunteers share most of the organization’s values, but ambivalence is expressed in some areas. Freedom for better or worse portrays freedom and lack of demands as recurring descriptions when the volunteers talk about their role. Volunteers describe freer working conditions, less bureaucracy but also a feeling of freedom in the meeting with the young person, compared to working life. Feelings of inadequacy illustrates one of the downsides of freedom: a desire to help more than one can do in the role as a volunteer. This theme is linked to the theme of freedom for better or worse. A suggested explanation is that the volunteers lack the authority and tools necessary to create change in a young person’s situation and that the inability to create change contributes to feelings of inadequacy. Different kinds of support describe how the volunteers receive support in dealing with difficulties. The support comes from other volunteers, the non-profit organization, relatives and the volunteers also have personal strategies. Some volunteers feel that they should not use the organization’s limited resources for their own need of support in the role, which has a correlation to volunteer identity.

Les travaux communautaires sont de manière générale un travail exécuté sans rémunération par un contrevenant pour le compte de la société. Dans ce mémoire, nous cherchons d’une part à appréhender la perception qu’ont les acteurs de la réalisation des travaux communautaires au Québec et d’autre part à savoir si les acteurs judiciaires (avocats, procureurs et juges) et non judiciaires (intervenants des organismes de justice alternative, délégués à la jeunesse et organismes d’accueil) ainsi que les jeunes contrevenants donnent un sens réparateur aux travaux communautaires. Nous abordons ces questions à partir de deux schèmes : le schème fonctionnel pour comprendre la/les fonction(s) des travaux communautaires et le schème herméneutique afin de saisir la valeur symbolique, le sens qui est donné aux travaux communautaires. Les résultats de cette étude montrent des variations entre les points de vue en fonction des différents groupes et cela autour des trois grands thèmes principaux : la nature des travaux, les objectifs des travaux et les effets de ces derniers. Malgré certaines divergences de points de vue et quelques difficultés dans l’application des travaux, les acteurs sont pour la plupart satisfait de cette mesure. / Community work services are usually unpaid work performed by an offender in the interest of the society. In this paper, we seek both to understand the perceptions of actors carrying out the community work services in Quebec and secondly whether legal actors (lawyers, prosecutors and judges) and non-judicial (alternative justice agencies, youth workers and host organizations) and young offenders do give a restorative aspect to community work services. We address these questions using two schemes: the functional scheme to understand the function(s) of community work services and the hermeneutic scheme to capture the symbolic value, the meaning that is given to community work. The results of this study show variations between the points of view of the different groups and that, around three main themes: the nature of community work, community work objectives and effects of the latter. Despite some differences of views and some difficulties in the implementation of the community work services, the actors are mostly satisfied with this measure.

Les travaux communautaires sont de manière générale un travail exécuté sans rémunération par un contrevenant pour le compte de la société. Dans ce mémoire, nous cherchons d’une part à appréhender la perception qu’ont les acteurs de la réalisation des travaux communautaires au Québec et d’autre part à savoir si les acteurs judiciaires (avocats, procureurs et juges) et non judiciaires (intervenants des organismes de justice alternative, délégués à la jeunesse et organismes d’accueil) ainsi que les jeunes contrevenants donnent un sens réparateur aux travaux communautaires. Nous abordons ces questions à partir de deux schèmes : le schème fonctionnel pour comprendre la/les fonction(s) des travaux communautaires et le schème herméneutique afin de saisir la valeur symbolique, le sens qui est donné aux travaux communautaires. Les résultats de cette étude montrent des variations entre les points de vue en fonction des différents groupes et cela autour des trois grands thèmes principaux : la nature des travaux, les objectifs des travaux et les effets de ces derniers. Malgré certaines divergences de points de vue et quelques difficultés dans l’application des travaux, les acteurs sont pour la plupart satisfait de cette mesure. / Community work services are usually unpaid work performed by an offender in the interest of the society. In this paper, we seek both to understand the perceptions of actors carrying out the community work services in Quebec and secondly whether legal actors (lawyers, prosecutors and judges) and non-judicial (alternative justice agencies, youth workers and host organizations) and young offenders do give a restorative aspect to community work services. We address these questions using two schemes: the functional scheme to understand the function(s) of community work services and the hermeneutic scheme to capture the symbolic value, the meaning that is given to community work. The results of this study show variations between the points of view of the different groups and that, around three main themes: the nature of community work, community work objectives and effects of the latter. Despite some differences of views and some difficulties in the implementation of the community work services, the actors are mostly satisfied with this measure.

German text / Vor dem Hintergrund gegenwärtiger Reformprozesse, sowohl in der Evangelischen Landeskirche Württembergs, als auch in der Evangelischen Kirche Deutschlands, reflektiert und kommentiert die vorliegende Arbeit das Reformbemühen der letzten Jahre und stellt es in den Kontext empirischer Forschung. So versucht die Studie explorativ pragmatisch Zugangswege zu den bisher nicht erreichten Menschen zu eruieren, die bei der Entwicklung einer zukünftigen Sozialgestalt von Kirche mitbedacht werden könnten. Mittels eines mehrstufigen Zufallsauswahlverfahrens wurden die Befragungspersonen ermittelt und 628 standardisierte Interviews durchgeführt. Dabei stehen zunächst die religiösen Einstellungen zur christlich-abendländischen Kultur- und Werteorientierung, zur kirchlichen Arbeit als solche und zum christlichen Glauben im Forschungsinteresse, dann die Erfahrungen mit Gottesdienst, Kirche und Leben, Erwartungen, Bedürfnisse und Interessenlagen und schließlich der Stellenwert von Gebet und Bibel als Bausteine christlich-spiritueller Lebenspraxis. Ausgehend vom Gottesdienst, als Zentralort gemeindlichen Lebens, will die Forschung die Chancen gottesdienstkultureller Ausdifferenzierung ergründen und nimmt unter anderem alternative Gottesdienstformen in den Blick. Ehrenamtlicher Mitarbeit in der Kirche, gemeindlicher Kleingruppenarbeit und religiöse Erwachsenenbildungsangebote sind von potenzieller Bedeutung und wollen ebenso als Zugangswege kirchlicher Zukunftsentwicklung bedacht sein, wie der Stellenwert gemeindlicher Seelsorge- und Lebensberatung in Umbruchsituationen, oder die Einrichtung einer landeskirchlichen Gemeindegründungsbewegung in bisher unerreichten soziokulturellen Umgebungen. Die vielfältigen Erkenntnisse und potenziellen Möglichkeiten zukünftiger Kirche sind nicht zu trennen von einer missionstheologischen und ekklesiologischen Positionierung, die in der Herausbildung von kulturrelevanter, multioptionaler Gemeinde, als Gemeinschaft von Brüdern und Schwestern, das Zentralgeschehen nachhaltiger Gemeinde- und Kirchenentwicklung erkennt. Damit ist die Studie als Diskussionsbeitrag in den Entscheidungsprozessen aktueller Reformdebatte platziert. / Against the background of current reform processes in the Evangelische Landeskirche von Würrtemberg (protestant national church of Baden-Württemberg as) well as the Evangelische Kirche von Deutschland (protestant national church of Germany), this paper reflects and comments on the reformation efforts of the past years and places them into the context of empirical research. The aim of this survey is to investigate in an explorative manner various forms of pragmatic access to people hitherto unreached, who could be factored into the church's future social form. The participants were selected using a multilevel random selection process and 628 standardised interviews were subsequently carried out. To begin with, this research focuses on the interviewee's religious stance on christian-occidental culture and values,on the work of the church in general and on christian faith, then on their personal experience with services, church and life, their expectations, needs and interests, and lastly the significance of prayer and the bible as integral parts of a spiritual Christian life. Based on the service as the centre of a congregation's community life, this survey wants to fathom the chances of service differentiation and takes a look at alternative forms of service among other things. Volunteer work in the church, work in small groups as well as religious education programmes for adults are of potential importance and need to be taken into consideration as possible access paths to the future development of the church as well as the value of pastoral care and life coaching in situations of radical change or the start-up of a national movement to establish new congregations in hitherto unreached sociocultural environments. The manifold findings and potential possibilities of our church in the future cannot be separated from our position with regard to missiology and ecclesiology, which identifies the central development of congregation and church as the formation of culturally relevant, multioptional congregations, as the community of brothers and sisters. This survey thus contributes to the current discussion of reform and the associated decision-making process. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

German text / Vor dem Hintergrund gegenwärtiger Reformprozesse, sowohl in der Evangelischen Landeskirche Württembergs, als auch in der Evangelischen Kirche Deutschlands, reflektiert und kommentiert die vorliegende Arbeit das Reformbemühen der letzten Jahre und stellt es in den Kontext empirischer Forschung. So versucht die Studie explorativ pragmatisch Zugangswege zu den bisher nicht erreichten Menschen zu eruieren, die bei der Entwicklung einer zukünftigen Sozialgestalt von Kirche mitbedacht werden könnten. Mittels eines mehrstufigen Zufallsauswahlverfahrens wurden die Befragungspersonen ermittelt und 628 standardisierte Interviews durchgeführt. Dabei stehen zunächst die religiösen Einstellungen zur christlich-abendländischen Kultur- und Werteorientierung, zur kirchlichen Arbeit als solche und zum christlichen Glauben im Forschungsinteresse, dann die Erfahrungen mit Gottesdienst, Kirche und Leben, Erwartungen, Bedürfnisse und Interessenlagen und schließlich der Stellenwert von Gebet und Bibel als Bausteine christlich-spiritueller Lebenspraxis. Ausgehend vom Gottesdienst, als Zentralort gemeindlichen Lebens, will die Forschung die Chancen gottesdienstkultureller Ausdifferenzierung ergründen und nimmt unter anderem alternative Gottesdienstformen in den Blick. Ehrenamtlicher Mitarbeit in der Kirche, gemeindlicher Kleingruppenarbeit und religiöse Erwachsenenbildungsangebote sind von potenzieller Bedeutung und wollen ebenso als Zugangswege kirchlicher Zukunftsentwicklung bedacht sein, wie der Stellenwert gemeindlicher Seelsorge- und Lebensberatung in Umbruchsituationen, oder die Einrichtung einer landeskirchlichen Gemeindegründungsbewegung in bisher unerreichten soziokulturellen Umgebungen. Die vielfältigen Erkenntnisse und potenziellen Möglichkeiten zukünftiger Kirche sind nicht zu trennen von einer missionstheologischen und ekklesiologischen Positionierung, die in der Herausbildung von kulturrelevanter, multioptionaler Gemeinde, als Gemeinschaft von Brüdern und Schwestern, das Zentralgeschehen nachhaltiger Gemeinde- und Kirchenentwicklung erkennt. Damit ist die Studie als Diskussionsbeitrag in den Entscheidungsprozessen aktueller Reformdebatte platziert. / Against the background of current reform processes in the Evangelische Landeskirche von Würrtemberg (protestant national church of Baden-Württemberg as) well as the Evangelische Kirche von Deutschland (protestant national church of Germany), this paper reflects and comments on the reformation efforts of the past years and places them into the context of empirical research. The aim of this survey is to investigate in an explorative manner various forms of pragmatic access to people hitherto unreached, who could be factored into the church's future social form. The participants were selected using a multilevel random selection process and 628 standardised interviews were subsequently carried out. To begin with, this research focuses on the interviewee's religious stance on christian-occidental culture and values,on the work of the church in general and on christian faith, then on their personal experience with services, church and life, their expectations, needs and interests, and lastly the significance of prayer and the bible as integral parts of a spiritual Christian life. Based on the service as the centre of a congregation's community life, this survey wants to fathom the chances of service differentiation and takes a look at alternative forms of service among other things. Volunteer work in the church, work in small groups as well as religious education programmes for adults are of potential importance and need to be taken into consideration as possible access paths to the future development of the church as well as the value of pastoral care and life coaching in situations of radical change or the start-up of a national movement to establish new congregations in hitherto unreached sociocultural environments. The manifold findings and potential possibilities of our church in the future cannot be separated from our position with regard to missiology and ecclesiology, which identifies the central development of congregation and church as the formation of culturally relevant, multioptional congregations, as the community of brothers and sisters. This survey thus contributes to the current discussion of reform and the associated decision-making process. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)