The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study (EHLS) conducted in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, was a population-based study that focused on the prevalence of hearing loss among 3,753 participants between 1993 and 1995. This article reports the results of several auditory measures from 999 veteran and 590 nonveteran males 48 to 92 years of age included in the EHLS. The auditory measures included pure tone thresholds, tympanometry and acoustic reflexes, word recognition in quiet and in competing message, and the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening (HHIE-S) version. Hearing loss in the auditory domains of pure tone thresholds, word recognition in quiet, and word recognition in competing message increased with age but were not significantly different for the veterans and nonveterans. No significant differences were found between participant groups on the HHIE-S; however, regarding hearing aid usage, mixed differences were found.

Titel: Electronic Word of Mouth’s påverkan på Generation Z - En studie om hur trovärdighet, kvalitet och kvantitet av information påverkar köpintentionen av träningskläder. Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Matilda Haglund Bratt & Fredrik SondellHandledare: Katarina Arbin Datum: 2022 – Januari Syfte: Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om Electronic Word of Mouth’s(eWOM:s) påverkan på Generation Z:s köpintention. Mer specifikt att undersöka hur trovärdighets-, kvalitets-, och kvantitetsfaktorer inom Electronic Word of Mouthpåverkar köpintentionen vid köp av träningskläder. Metod: Denna studie tar sin utgångspunkt i en kvantitativ forskningsansats med ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Datainsamlingen skedde i form av en enkätundersökning som besvarades av personer födda mellan år 1995–2009. Resultat och slutsats: Det finns ett positivt samband mellan variablerna trovärdighet, kvalitet och kvantitet samt Generation Z:s köpintention. Detta visar på att Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) har en betydelse för Generation Z när det ska fatta ett köpbeslut. Examensarbetets bidrag: Den här studien bidrar med ny kunskap om eWOM:s påverkan på Generation Z:s köpintention genom att studien visar att faktorerna trovärdighet, kvalitet och kvantitet har en inverkan på de kommentarer som läses och delas på sociala medier. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Utifrån studiens resultat är några förslag till framtida forskning att undersöka andra generationer, göra en jämförelse mellan generationer eller att genomföra en kvalitativ studie och undersöka vad en målgrupp anser att trovärdiga kommentarer innebär. Nyckelord: Marknadsföring, Generation Z, Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM), Trovärdighet, Kvalitet, Kvantitet, Köpintention. / Title: Electronic Word of Mouth's impact on Generation Z – A study of how credibility, quality and quantity of information influence the purchase intention of fitness apparel. Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor's Degree in BusinessAdministration Authors: Matilda Haglund Bratt & Fredrik SondellSupervisor: Katarina Arbin Date: 2022 – January Aim: The aim of the study is to contribute to knowledge about the impact of Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) on Generation Z's purchase intention. More specifically, to investigate how credibility, quality, and quantity factors in Electronic Word of Mouth influence purchase intention when purchasing fitness apparel. Method: This study is based on a quantitative research approach with a deductive approach. Data collection was done through a questionnaire survey completed by individuals born between 1995-2009. Result and Conclusions: There is a positive relationship between the variable’scredibility, quality and quantity and the purchase intention of Generation Z. This indicates that Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) has an impact on Generation Z when making a purchase decision. Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes with new knowledge on theinfluence of eWOM on Generation Z's purchase intention by showing that the factors credibility, quality and quantity have an impact on the comments that are read and shared on social media. Suggestions for future research: Based on the results of the study, some suggestions for future research are to investigate other generations, do a comparison between generations or do a qualitative study and investigate what a target audience considers credible comments means to them. Key words: Marketing, Generation Z, Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM), Credibility, Quality, Quantity, Purchase intention.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse word order in transitive sentences in natural production of two- and four-year old children during Czech language acquisition. The theoretical part focuses on language acquisition in general, in children in a given age period and on the acquisition of transitive sentences in children, discussed in studies carried out abroad. The results of these studies work with a thesis about a canonical word order, which is the first to emerge in child production and reception, while other types of word order might pose a problem for children with regards to interpretation. In order to be able to compare these findings with Czech language, data from an existing corpora of child conversations with their mothers were coded for the purposes of the practical part of this thesis. This data is subsequently analysed in the practical part, with the findings of these analyses implying that in spontaneous language production of Czech children, it is impossible to unambiguously track the preferences for canonical word order, as well as difficulties in adopting word order other than canonical. This thesis also brings basic descriptive information about the word order in transitive sentences both in children over time and in relation to word order that is used by their mothers. Key words...

The main object of this master´s thesis is recreation area operated by a non-profit organization in Černá Hora in district Blansko. The aim of the work is to evaluate the potential of the area. This thesis provides the ideas and interventions which allow more effective, more self-sufficient, economically, and ecologically sustainable yearlong operation. The brief of designed buildings and modifications was determined by previous analysis and consultation with the site operator. The result of the work are individual interventions in the sense of proposed changes and modifications in the area. The thesis also includes a chronological arrangement of the interventions in a real timeline according to their feasibility.

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Cryptography is the study of encryptying and decrypting messages and deciphering encrypted messages when the code is unknown. We consider Λπ(Δx, Δy) which is a count of how many ways a permutation satisfies a certain property. According to Hawkes and O'Connor, the distribution of Λπ(Δx, Δy) tends to a Poisson distribution with parameter ½ as m → ∞ for all Δx,Δy ∈ (Z/qZ)m - 0. We give a proof of this theorem using the Stein-Chen method: As qm approaches infinity, the distribution of Λπ(Δx, Δy) is approximately Poisson with parameter ½. Error bounds for this approximation are provided.

Denna studie har som syfte att öka förståelse för hur generation Zs attityder som konsumenter påverkas av den sociala medieplattformen TikTok. Attityder är utifrån de två använda teoretiska modellerna uppdelade i tre komponenter respektive sex faser. Baserat på tidigare relevant forskning och teorier togs det fram tre hypoteser. Studien tillämpar en kvantitativ forskningsmetod för att samla in en större mängd data, undersökningen samlade därmed in totalt 148 respondenter. Resultaten analyserades sedan med deskriptiv statistik och med korrelationsanalyser. Resultaten visade att TikTok har en blandad påverkan på generation Zs attityder som konsumenter. Konsumenters attityder när det gäller att bli medvetna och samla kunskaper om produkter samt varumärken påverkas positivt. Vidare påverkas konsumenters attityder gällande omtyckthet och preferens mest positivt, detta innebär att konsumenter tenderar att fatta tycke och forma preferenser till produkter och varumärken genom TikTok. Däremot framkom det att TikTok har en negativ påverkan på konsumenters attityder gällande köpavsikt och köp, vilket visar svårigheter i att TikTok ska kunna påverka konsumenter till att utveckla en köpavsikt men även till att faktiskt köpa produkter. Hypotes ett och två accepteras medan hypotes tre förkastades. Kön redogjorde för den största skillnaden, där kvinnor påverkades positivt i större utsträckning. Resterande korrelationsanalyser visade på mindre skillnader, såsom högre användning ledde till mer positiva attityder och indikationer på att yngre individer inom generation Z påverkas mer positivt än äldre. / This study aims to increase the understanding of how Generation Z's attitudes as consumers are affected by the social media platform TikTok. Attitudes are divided into three components and six phases, respectively, based on the two models used in the study. Based on previous relevant research and theories, three hypotheses were developed. The study applies a quantitative research method to collect a larger amount of data, the survey collected a total of 148 responses. The results were then analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation analyses. The results showed that TikTok has a mixed impact on Generation Z's attitudes as consumers. Consumers' attitudes when it comes to becoming aware and gathering knowledge about products and brands are positively affected. Furthermore, consumers' attitudes regarding liking and preference are most positively affected, this means that individuals tend to like and form preferences for products and brands through TikTok. However, it emerged that TikTok has a negative impact on consumers' attitudes regarding purchase intention and purchase, which shows difficulties in TikTok being able to influence consumers to develop a purchase intention but also to actually buy products. The first and second hypothesis were accepted while the third hypothesis was not supported. Gender was the variable that had the most impact on the results, where women were positively influenced to a greater extent. Other correlation analyzes showed smaller differences, such as higher usage leading to more positive attitudes and indications that younger individuals within generation Z are more positively affected than older ones.

The aim of this study is to examine if there are any factors that influence young Swedish consumers' willingness to participate in the cross-border e-commerce market. Another aim is to examine the perceived risks associated with e-commerce in Sweden and overseas. The authors generated ten hypotheses to test this. The authors employed a quantitative approach and sent a survey to 162 people, with questions based on applicable theories, to investigate if there are factors that affect young Swedish consumers when they transact on the cross-border e-commerce market. The questions were sent through the authors’ social media. The findings suggest that seven factors influence young Swedish consumers’ decision-making when conducting cross-border e-commerce. Furthermore, the findings show that these factors have an impact on young Swedish customers, such as opinions from friends and family, perceived risk, loyalty to their own country, all of which affect when young Swedish consumers opt to use the cross-border e-commerce market.

В данной магистерской диссертации исследуются окказионализмы, созданные Терри Пратчеттом, в сопоставлении с их русскими эквивалентами. Рассматриваются способы конструирования окказиональной лексики в оригинале и переводе романов «Мор, ученик Смерти» и «Мрачный жнец», определена частотность использованных способов перевода. В русле существующих теорий эквивалентности доказана зависимость используемого способа перевода от степени семантической нагруженности индивидуально-авторского онима или реалии, а равно от типологической принадлежности каждой окказиональной единицы. / This master's thesis studies the occasional words created by Terry Pratchett as compared to their Russian equivalents. The ways of constructing occasional words in English and Russian variants of the novels "Mort" and "Reaper Man" are considered, the frequency of the applied translation methods is defined. Within the existing theories of equivalence, the dependence of the applied method of translation on the degree of semantic meaningfulness of the individual author’s word is proved, as well as on the typological peculiarities of each occasional lexeme.

Sociala medier har blivit dynamiskt runt om i världen, det utvecklas ständigt och tar nya varianter. Den digitala utvecklingen har lett till övergången från massmarknadsföring till en alltmer trendig influencer marketing. Med influencer marketing menas att företag samarbetar med influencers för att marknadsföra sina produkter och öka sin tillväxt samt engagemang hos konsumenter. Dock har den ökade användningen av influencer marketing lett till att konsumenter tvivlar på äkthet av reklam, upplagt av influencers på Instagram. Det skapar en oro hos konsumenter att influencers gör reklam endast av finansiella skäl och att de är otydliga med deras reklam. Det resulterar i att konsumenter har låg förtroende för autenticitet inom influencers reklam på Instagram och deras reklam anses vara opålitliga. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att bidra med förståelse kring konsumenters upplevelser av autenticiteten inom reklam som influencers marknadsför på Instagram. Dessutom är syftet att ta reda på om fenomenet elektronisk Word of Mouth har en påverkan på konsumenters uppfattning om influencers reklam.   Metoden som använts är av kvalitativ natur då det anses vara mest passande med hänsyn till studiens syfte. Datainsamlingen har skett via semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer som sedan analyserats genom kodning. Urvalsmetoder som användes i studien är målstyrt urval och snöbollsurval. I studien har 15 respondenter deltagit som med sina svar bidragit med material till uppsatsens resultat och analys. Teorier som tillämpats i denna studie är influencers, autenticitet, reklam och elektronisk Word of Mouth.   Resultatet av studien visar att majoriteten av respondenterna hade en negativ inställning till influencers reklam på Instagram och de uppfattade influencers reklam som inautentiska. De huvudsakliga anledningarna som påverkade konsumenternas uppfattning av influencers reklams äkthet bestod av den finansiella relationen som finns mellan företag och influencers, om influencers visar både nackdelar och fördelar av produkten/tjänsten samt influencers kunnighet i relation till produkten/tjänsten. För att influencers reklam skall anses vara trovärdiga är det viktigt att influencers ska vara tydliga och ärliga i deras reklam. Influencers bör även ha expertis och kunnighet i deras reklam, i syfte att stärka konsumenters uppfattning om influencers reklams autenticitet. Enligt vår studie anser alltså de tillfrågade konsumenterna att ärlighet är väsentligt. Influencers eventuella finansiella intresse kan vara en orsak till en negativ bild av dem. Tydlighet tyckte respondenterna vara viktigt för att ha förtroende för influencers reklam, likaså kompetens och sakkunnighet. Generellt var förtroendet för eWOM större än för influencers. / Social media has become dynamic worldwide, continually evolving and adopting new forms. The digital revolution has driven the transition from mass marketing to increasingly trendy influencer marketing. Influencer marketing refers to the collaboration between companies and influencers to promote their products, enhance their growth, and engage consumers. However, the escalated use of influencer marketing has led consumers to doubt the authenticity of advertisements presented by influencers on Instagram. This instills consumer concerns that influencers engage in advertising solely for financial motives and that they are ambiguous in their promotional activities. As a result, consumers have limited confidence in the authenticity of influencer advertisements on Instagram, deeming them unreliable. The purpose of this qualitative study is to contribute to an understanding of consumers' experiences of authenticity in advertising promoted by influencers on Instagram. Additionally, the aim is to determine whether the phenomenon of electronic Word of Mouth has an impact on consumers' perceptions of influencer advertising.   The employed methodology is qualitative in nature, deemed most appropriate in alignment with the study's objectives. Data collection occurred through semi-structured qualitative interviews, subsequently analyzed through coding. The sampling methods employed in the study encompass purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Fifteen respondents participated in the study, contributing their responses to the material utilized in the study's results and analysis. The theoretical frameworks applied in this study include influencer’s, authenticity, advertising, and electronic Word of Mouth.    The study's findings indicate that a majority of respondents held a negative attitude toward influencer advertising on Instagram, perceiving it as inauthentic. The primary factors influencing consumers' perception of the authenticity of influencer advertising were the financial relationship between companies and influencers, whether influencers present both advantages and disadvantages of the product/service, and the influencers' expertise in relation to the product/service. To establish influencer advertising as credible, it is imperative for influencers to be transparent and truthful in their promotions. Furthermore, influencers should possess expertise and knowledge in their advertising efforts to enhance consumers' perceptions of the authenticity of their advertisements. According to our study, the surveyed consumers consider honesty to be crucial. The potential financial interests of influencers might contribute to a negative perception of them. Clarity was considered important by the respondents to have trust in influencer advertising, as well as competence and expertise. In general, trust in electronic Word of Mouth exceeded trust in influencers.