Submitted by Biblioteca do Instituto Biomédico BIB (uffbib@gmail.com) on 2017-06-05T16:29:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado - Thiago Coronato Nunes.pdf: 1681093 bytes, checksum: e4e8698efedc608e30fe6067b9cac0e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T16:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado - Thiago Coronato Nunes.pdf: 1681093 bytes, checksum: e4e8698efedc608e30fe6067b9cac0e4 (MD5) / Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis / É comum a queixa de dificuldade de memória em jovens, levando muitos deles a automedicação com estimulantes como o metilfenidato. Objetivos: Encontrar a prevalência de queixas de memória em estudantes de medicina, e sua comorbidade com transtornos de humor, ansiedade e de uso de substâncias. Metodologia: 59 estudantes do último ano de Medicina da UFF foram avaliados através do Inventário de depressão de Beck, Inventário de ansiedade de Beck, Questionário para triagem do uso de álcool, tabaco e outras substâncias (ASSIST), Escala de queixas subjetivas de memória. Resultados: Investigamos 32 homens e 27 mulheres, com idade média de 25,7 anos, dos quais 61% apresentavam queixa de memória, 54% consideravam que sua ansiedade atrapalhava seu desempenho, 10% apresentavam ideação suicida, 64% insônia significativa com 6,4 horas em média de sono. Álcool (93%), tabaco (32%), maconha (27%) e hipnóticos/sedativos (17%) foram as substâncias mais utilizadas nos últimos 3 meses. Não possuir religião foi estatisticamente significante (Spearman p<0,05) com utilizar substâncias psicoativas. Identificamos que quem tem ansiedade moderada a alta tem queixa de memória (Fisher: p=0,0432). Discussão: O fator que apresentou relevância estatística para piora da queixa de memória entre jovens acadêmicos de Medicina foi a ansiedade, que parece ser negativa nos processos cognitivos da percepção sobre a capacidade de memorização. Nenhum dos jovens investigados possuía déficit real no seu desempenho acadêmico. Diferentemente dos problemas cognitivos dos idosos, a queixa cognitiva dos jovens é relativa, relacionada com uma percepção subjetiva e dependente do grau de ansiedade que estão apresentando. Conclusão: Ansiedade demonstrou estar relacionada com queixas de memória em jovens. Estimulantes, medicamentos que reconhecidamente aumentam a ansiedade estão contra-indicados. É possível afirmar que a prescrição de alguns antidepressivos, benzodiazepínicos em doses ansiolíticas ou outras medidas não farmacológicas como a prática de “mindfulness" (atenção plena), sejam a medida mais adequada nessas situações / The memory difficulty complaint is common in young people, which leads to many to self-medication with stimulants such as methylphenidate. Goals: Finding the prevalence of memory complaints in medicine students, and its comorbidity with humor disorders, anxiety and substance use. Methodology: 59 students from senior year in Medicine at UFF were evaluated through Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Alcohol, tobacco and other substances use screening quiz (ASSIST), Subjective memory complaints scale. Results: We investigated 32 men and 27 women, at an average age of 25.7, from whom 61% presented memory complaint, 54% considered their anxiety disturbed their performance, 10% presented suicidal ideation, 64% significant insomnia with 6.4 average sleep hours. Alcohol (93%), tobacco (32%), marijuana (27%) and hypnotics/ sedatives (17%) were the most used substances in the last 3 months. Not having a religion was statistically significant (Spearman p<0,05) as well as utilizing psychoactive substances. We identified that who has moderate to high anxiety has memory complaint (Fisher: p=0,0432). Discussion: The factor that presented statistic relevance to a worsening in the memory complaint among academic young people was the anxiety, which seems to be negative in the cognitive processes of memorizing capacity. None of the young people investigated had real deficit in their academic performance. Different from the elderly´s cognitive problems, the young people´s cognitive complaint is relative, related to a subjective perception and depending on the anxiety degree they are presenting. Conclusion: Anxiety demonstrated to be related to memory complaint in young people. Stimulants, medicine that admittedly enhance anxiety are contraindicated. It is possible to affirm that the prescribing of some anti-depressives, benzodiazepines in anxiolytic doses or another non-pharmacological measures such as the practice of mindfulness are the most adequate measures in these situations

Orientador: Sonia Giubilei / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T09:53:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_FranciscoClaudiodeSousa_M.pdf: 19404704 bytes, checksum: 94db41d9d112f4a4f923fe5bd6c3f8d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Mestrado / Politicas de Educação e Sistemas Educativos / Mestre em Educação

[pt] Esse trabalho se propõe a investigar o posicionamento que os jovens solteiros têm frente às marcantes mudanças que alteraram o significado do casamento, principalmente, ao longo das últimas décadas. Para tal, realizamos um estudo de campo utilizando entrevistas individuais cujos temas envolviam: definição de casamento; casamento na época dos pais e avós; avaliação das mudanças do casamento para a sociedade atual; efeitos da separação e do divórcio. A opção de escutarmos os jovens solteiros foi feita pelo fato de os considerarmos representantes da geração dos que podem concretizar, manter ou reformular essas mudanças, uma vez que se encontram frente à possibilidade do casamento. Realizamos, inicialmente, um breve levantamento bibliográfico a respeito do casamento no início do século XX, contrapondo, em seguida, esse modelo ao observado nos dias atuais. Discutimos, também, os desdobramentos que a modernização e a ideologia individualista tiveram nesse processo de mudanças. Em um outro momento, nos voltamos para a figura dos jovens solteiros, apontando a importância de ouvi-los e destacando algumas influências familiares e sociais que poderiam interferir em seus pontos de vista. As entrevistas revelaram que o posicionamento desses jovens frente ao casamento é influenciado por diferentes valores, sendo o principal objetivo destes sujeitos a busca da felicidade, independente do caminho escolhido ser mais conservador ou mais liberal. / [en] The purpose of this study is to investigate the young people`s position on the significant changes that have altered the meaning of marriage, mainly in this last decade. Consequently a field study was made using individual interviews whose theme envolved: a definition of marriage; marriage at the time of their parents and grandparents; an avaliation of the changes in marriage in modern society; effects of separation and divorce. The choice of interviewing single young people was because we consider them as representatives of a generation that may substantiate, maintain or reformulate these changes, once they are faced with the possibility of a marriage themselves. Initially, we carried out a bibliographie survey on marriage at the beginning of the 20 th century, comparing this model to the ones nowadays. The unfolding of modernization and the individual ideologies were also discussed in this process of transformations. In another moment, we focused on the figure of the single young people, pointing out the importance of listening to them and what their opinions were according to their family influences and also as regards the social aspects that might have interfered in their points of view. These interviews revealed that the position of these young people on marriage is influenced by different values, of which the main purpose is the search of happiness, independent of the way chosen, may it be more conservative or more liberal.

This thesis enquires into the kinds of citizenship taught and learned in formal and informal settings of citizenship education in Scotland. There has been a ‘perceived’ crisis in democratic citizenry in the UK and elsewhere across the world since the 1990s and this has brought about renewed interests in citizenship education whereby young people are a specifically targeted group. Yet, citizenship education is a fundamentally contested domain where conflicting and contrasting ideologies co-exist and the Scottish version of ‘education for global citizenship’ is an archetypal example of this. By exploring similarities and differences between accounts of ‘what adult practitioners do’ and ‘what young people learn’ in each setting, the thesis emphasises tensions and challenges of citizenship education and their implications for the wider debates about the complex relationship between citizenship, democracy and education. The thesis deploys a synthesised theoretical framework for differentiating and analysing the types of education and learning that are legitimate points of reference in citizenship education for democratic life. It distinguishes between approaches to education for citizenship that focuses on membership of the community (relationships and service work in communities), formal political participation (political literacy in terms of institutions, processes and procedures) entrepreneurial citizenship (employability skills and economic participation) and social and political activism (the commitment and capacity to think critically and act collectively to realise the inherent goals of democracy). These different approaches entail a broad ideological mix of civic republicanism, liberalism and neoliberalism which informs citizenship education. The increasing emphasis on economic participation in educational contexts resonates with what can be termed as a neoliberal version of ‘responsiblised citizenship’ that promotes an individualised and depoliticised conception of citizenship by equipping young people with knowledge, skills and experiences to get on and get into the labour market through their own individual efforts rather than being concerned with the collective needs and interests of young people. Formal education and, to some extent informal community education, tend to overlook the de facto issues, experiences and contributions of young people as engaged citizens and the need to focus on the commitment and capacity to think critically and act collectively in order to realise the inherent goals of democracy as an unfinished project. Consequently, the experience of citizenship education is one young people often feel marginal to or marginalised from. This thesis challenges the dominant assumption of ‘disengaged youth’ to focus instead on the democratic deficit at the heart of citizenship teaching and learning. Along with the ‘invited’ spaces of citizenship education, in both formal and informal settings, the goal of democracy should include the ‘invented’ spaces of citizenship learning which reflects the lived experience, concerns and aspirations of young people.

Cette recherche présente les résultats d’une étude menée auprès de jeunes diplômés en cuisine. Si la restauration est un secteur qui présente un fort taux de roulement, paradoxalement, il s’agit également de l’un des secteurs d’activité où le manque de main d’oeuvre est le plus criant. D’une manière générale, cette thèse vise à rendre compte des différents types de difficultés et de contraintes qui perturbent l’insertion et la stabilisation des jeunes diplômés de cuisine (cuisiniers), et faire l’état de leur situation professionnelle, trois ans après leur sortie du système scolaire. Les résultats de cette recherche mettent en évidence quatre principaux types de difficultés rencontrées par les jeunes cuisiniers, à savoir : les difficultés liées aux conditions structurelles du marché du travail, les difficultés liées aux logiques de fonctionnement du secteur de la restauration, les difficultés d’ordre social et familial et les difficultés liées aux attitudes et caractéristiques de jeunes eux-mêmes. Pour faire face à ces différents types de difficultés, les jeunes cuisiniers ont recours aux trois grands types de stratégies suivants à savoir : les stratégies de maintien et de stabilisation en emploi, les stratégies visant la sortie de l’emploi salarié ou du secteur de la restauration, et enfin les stratégies de désinvestissement progressif du marché du travail. / This research presents the results of a study conducted with young graduates of the restaurant industry (young cooks). If restoration is an area that has a high turnover rate, paradoxically, itis also one of the sectors where the lack of workforce is the highest. In general, this thesis aims to reflect the different types of difficulties and constraints that interfere with the integration and stabilization of young kitchen graduates (cooks) and to shed light on their professional situation, three years after leaving the school system. The results of this research highlight four main types of difficulties faced by young chefs,namely the difficulties associated with structural conditions in the labor market, the difficulties associated with the operating logic of the restaurant industry, the social and family difficulties and difficulties related to attitudes and characteristics of young people themselves. To cope with these types of difficulties, young cooks use three types of strategies: strategies for maintaining and stabilizing their employment, strategies to get out of the employment or the restaurant industry, and finally strategies of gradual divestment from the labor market.

Although Child and Youth Care research and pedagogy is committed to diversity, as yet this field has produced very little research that specifically focuses on supporting children and youth who do not identify with cis/heteronormative standards of gender. Further, despite that recent media attention to trans issues and gender diversity has sparked questions concerning how issues of gender are approached in practice, there continues to be a distinct lack of consensus on how best to talk about these issues, how to define gender, and how to approach these issues in practice. Through combining Situational Analysis (Clarke, 2005) with aspects of Relativity Theory this thesis makes a contribution towards filling the existing gap in the research. This study provides a descriptive exploration into the many ways language is being utilized by young people to shape, evoke, and construct the diverse understandings of what gender means in their lives by analyzing data gathered through the social media platform, Tumblr. This inquiry shows that these young people create unique terminology to describe, discuss, define and share their engagement with gender categories and identities. The findings of this study suggest that a creative, nuanced, and flexible understanding of the ways in which the language and terminology shape and influences how gender is lived and then discussed within specific contexts both on- and offline, will greatly assist practitioners to support youth with this highly complex topic. / Graduate

There has been an abundance of studies that have adopted positivist approaches, employing quantitative methods, to research OCD 'symptoms' and their underlying neurobiology and neurochemistry. There appears to be a lack of research investigating how OCD is experienced by those living with the diagnosis, and in particular the experiences of young people diagnosed with OCD. Ten young people, aged 14-17 years old, with a diagnosis of OCD were recruited from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). The young people were interviewed and a Thematic Analysis (TA) was used to analyse data. Four themes were developed through the analysis. The first theme 'Traumatic and stressful life events' found that 9 out of the 10 participants experienced at least one of the following three life events just prior to the development of their OCD: 'Hostility in the family', 'Illness and death', 'Bullying and friendlessness'. Four subthemes, 'Lack of understanding of the behaviour', 'Being secretive', 'I thought I was going crazy', and 'Feeling different', provided a richer understanding to the theme 'Responses to signs of OCD'. The four subthemes 'Feeling "right"', 'I was taking on all the responsibility', 'It's ruined everything', 'Everyday life is now in my bedroom' explored the third theme 'The battle of living with OCD'. The last theme 'Ambivalent relationship to help' described the conflict that most participants had over exposure therapy and accommodation of their OCD. Lastly, most participants felt the long waiting time for help was frustrating. The theme is fully explored by the following three subthemes: 'Conflicts of exposure therapy', 'Conflicts about accommodation of the OCD', and 'Frustrations of long waiting lists'. The themes that emerged may provide important information for clinicians and the implications of the research findings are discussed. The strengths and limitations of the study are noted and there are suggestions for future research.

The aim of this study was to generate a substantive grounded theory to explain a variety of young people's experiences of football within and external to FA Charter Standard Clubs and Schools. A modified grounded theory methodology (Strauss and Corbin, 1998; Charmaz, 2000) was selected following an ethical commitment to 'listen to young people's voices'. This methodology was underpinned by critical realist ontological assumptions (Sayer, 2000) and reformulated according to Popperian epistemology (Popper, 1972; 1981). Ten mini-ethnographies were conducted in football clubs and schools in England over a period of 12 months. Data were generated through focussed group interviews with young people (aged 8-18), and participant observation captured in field notes. Over three increasingly deductive iterations (or 'vintages') of data collection and analysis, a substantive theory of socialisation processes in youth football was created. This abstract theory hypothesised that young people's experiences may be conceptualised as partially individualised responses to external influences, expressed as desires and concerns that may act reciprocally on the social context. More specific hypotheses (or models) were formulated and 'mapped over' the abstract theory. The relationship between stress, enjoyment and learning in youth football is explored in the first of these models, focussing specifically on the role of significant adults. Coach behaviour and its impact on the youth football environment is the subject of the second model, which describes an 'ideal type' football programme. Female experiences are the subject of the third section of the discussion which focuses on 'first contact' with football (particularly male domination in mixed football) and subsequent socialisation experiences. Here it is conjectured that the development of friendships and identity specific to football may increase the propensity to participate. The final model conceptualises socialisation processes for young players from black and minority ethnic communities. The problems of 'culture barriers' and institutional racism are explored before considering the role youth football might play in the wider 'integration debate'. Finally, some recommendations for policy change and for future research are offered. Here it is suggested that policy changes are monitored and evaluated with critical sociological studies focussing on young people's experiences of coaching and parenting and hegemonic power relations in female and multicultural football respectively.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / HIV counselling and testing (HCT) is an essential element in the response to the HIV epidemic. Thereare still major gaps in research about the best ways to provide HCT, especially to young people. School-based HCT is a model which has been suggested for providing HCT to young people in a youth friendly manner. This study was aimed at producing recommendations for providing a youth friendly school-based HCT service using the World Health Organisation (WHO) framework for youth friendly health services. It was conducted in six secondary schools in Cape Town, where a mobile HCT service is provided by a nongovernmental organisation (NGO). It was an exploratory descriptive study, using a mixed-methods approach. Twelve focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with learners to explore their needs with regards to school-based HCT. An evaluation (which consisted of observation of the HCT site, service provider interviews and direct observation of the HCT counselling process) was done to determine whether the mobile school-based HCT service was youth friendly. A learner survey was conducted with 529 learners to investigate the factors that influence the uptake of HCT and to explore learners’ behaviours and experiences under test conditions. In the FGDs, learners said that they wanted HCT to be provided in schools on condition that their fears and expressed needs were taken into account. They wanted their concerns regarding privacy and confidentiality addressed; they wanted to be provided with information regarding the benefits and procedure of HCT before testing took place; they wanted service providers to be competent to work with young people, and they wanted to be assured that those who tested positive were followed up and supported. On evaluation of the mobile school-based HCT service, it was evident that the service did not meet all the needs of the learners nor did it have all the characteristics of a youth friendly health service. The model of ‘mass testing’ used by the NGO did not fulfil learners’ expressed need for privacy with regards to HCT. Service providers were friendly and on-judgemental but had not been trained to work with young people (especially marginalised groups e.g. young men who have sex with men). The information needs of learners were not addressed, and learners were not involved in the provision of the HCT service. Learners who tested positive were not assisted in accessing care and support. The learner survey revealed a high uptake of HCT (71% of learners) at schools with learners who do not identify themselves as Black, with female learners and older learners being more likely to have had an HIV test. Factors that influenced uptake of HCT were complex, with learners reporting many different motivators and barriers to testing. Of concern was the low risk perception of learners with regards to HIV infection and the fact that learners who tested HIV positive were not being linked up with treatment and care. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made for proving youth friendly school based HCT. A multisectoral approach, with learner and community involvement, was suggested in order to provide a service which is equitable, accessible, acceptable, appropriate and effective.

Magister Artium - MA / This study focuses on young people and how they etch a sense of belonging in the cosmopolitan city of Cape Town, in multicultural, post-apartheid South Africa. The study mainly focuses on a group of performers known as Black Ink Arts Movement (Black Ink), who are based in Du Noon township, near Cape Town, South Africa. The study looks at how young people who are involved in community performance projects; it also engages with their varied audiences. Lastly, the thesis shows the performers’ day to day lives when they are not on stage to see what it means to be young and black in Du Noon as a member of Black Ink